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A new way of preparing YAG, Y3Al5O12, materials at low temperatures has been discovered using a molten Na3AlF6–Y2O3reaction mixture. For the successful synthesis of YAG, a precise examination of the cryolite part of the phase diagram of the Na3AlF6–Y2O3system was carried out up to 45 mol % of Y2O3using thermal analysis with a larger amount of sample (12 g). The phase diagram of the Na3AlF6–Y2O3system was discovered to be likely a simple eutectic system with one inflection point on the liquidus curve (coordinates: 22.0 mol % Y2O3, 920 °C) and one eutectic point (coordinates: 43.0 mol % Y2O3, 620 °C). The spontaneously solidified samples of Na3AlF6–Y2O3after thermal analysis have been investigated using solid-state NMR (19F, 23Na, and 27Al) spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction over a broad range of compositions. The minimal synthesis temperature used in this work for the preparation of YAG was 630 °C, and the Y2O3concentration was 43 mol %. Besides the synthesis of YAG, the molten Na3AlF6–Y2O3system with the addition of Nd2O3has been successfully used also for the preparation of the neodymium-doped YAG powders (Nd:YAG). Rietveld refinement has been used to quantitatively assess the incorporation of neodymium into YAG and β-Na(Y1.5Na0.5)F6materials.

The garnet aluminates RE3Al5O12(RE= Gd – Lu, Y) are an important class of optical materials with a range of applications. Typically, they do not tolerate large deviations from ideal stoichiometry, and their luminescence properties are controlled by dopant selection rather than modification of the host structure. Here, we use glass crystallization as a nonequilibrium synthesis route to a new family of highly nonstoichiometric gadolinium aluminate garnets, of formula Gd3+xAl5-xO12with x≤ 0.60. Remarkably, this range is much broader than the previously reported Y3+xAl5-xO12series (x≤ 0.4), despite the vast size contrast between Al3+and Gd3+, which are forced to share a crystallographic site in the nonstoichiometric materials: the endmember Gd3.6Al4.4O12lies halfway between ideal garnet and perovskite stoichiometries, with 30% of its octahedral Al3+sites substituted by Gd3+. In principle, this crystal chemistry should allow the synthesis of phosphor systems with rare-earth activators distributed over two different cation sublattices. To probe the response of luminescence properties to extreme nonstoichiometry in Gd3+xAl5-xO12, we synthesized three model phosphor systems by doping with Ce3+, Tb3+, or Tm3+/Yb3+and found that upconversion (Tm3+/Yb3+) phosphors have the most potential to be tuned by this approach. These results demonstrate that highly nonstoichiometric garnet aluminates are not limited to small rare-earth hosts such as YAG, opening new opportunities for development of different garnet-based optical and magnetic materials.

Crystallization of oxide glasses rich in Zn2+, Ga3+, and Ge4+is of interest for the synthesis of new transparent ceramics. In this context, we report the identification and detailed structural characterization of a new solid solution Ca3Ga2–2xZnxGe4+xO14(0 ≤ x≤ 1). These compounds adopt the trigonal langasite structure type, offering three possible crystallographic sites for the coordination of isoelectronic Zn2+, Ga3+, and Ge4+. We used neutron diffraction to determine distributions of Ga3+/Ge4+and Zn2+/Ge4+in the simpler end members Ca3Ga2Ge4O14and Ca3ZnGe5O14, while for the complex intermediate member Ca3GaZn0.5Ge4.5O14, we used an original approach combining quantitative 2D analysis of atomic-resolution STEM-EDS maps with neutron diffraction. This revealed that, across the solid solution, the tetrahedral D sites remain fully occupied by Ge4+, while Zn2+, Ga3+, and the remaining Ge4+are shared between octahedral B- and tetrahedral C sites in proportions that depend upon their relative ionic radii. The adoption of the trigonal langasite structure by glass-crystallized Ca3ZnGe5O14, a compound that was previously observed only in a distorted monoclinic langasite polymorph, is attributed to substantial disorder between Zn2+and Ge4+over the B and C sites. The quantitative 2D refinement of atomic-resolution STEM-EDS maps is applicable to a wide range of materials where multiple cations with poor scattering contrast are distributed over different crystallographic sites in a crystal structure.

A newly reported compound, CuAgBiI5, is synthesized as powder, crystals, and thin films. The structure consists of a 3D octahedral Ag+/Bi3+network as in spinel, but occupancy of the tetrahedral interstitials by Cu+differs from those in spinel. The 3D octahedral network of CuAgBiI5allows us to identify a relationship between octahedral site occupancy (composition) and octahedral motif (structure) across the whole CuI–AgI–BiI3phase field, giving the ability to chemically control structural dimensionality. To investigate composition–structure–property relationships, we compare the basic optoelectronic properties of CuAgBiI5with those of Cu2AgBiI6(which has a 2D octahedral network) and reveal a surprisingly low sensitivity to the dimensionality of the octahedral network. The absorption onset of CuAgBiI5(2.02 eV) barely changes compared with that of Cu2AgBiI6(2.06 eV) indicating no obvious signs of an increase in charge confinement. Such behavior contrasts with that for lead halide perovskites which show clear confinement effects upon lowering dimensionality of the octahedral network from 3D to 2D. Changes in photoluminescence spectra and lifetimes between the two compounds mostly derive from the difference in extrinsic defect densities rather than intrinsic effects. While both materials show good stability, bulk CuAgBiI5powder samples are found to be more sensitive to degradation under solar irradiation compared to Cu2AgBiI6.

SrREGa3O7melilite ceramics with large rare-earth elements (RE= La to Y) are famous materials especially known for their luminescence properties. Using an innovative approach, the full and congruent crystallization from glass process, SrREGa3O7transparent polycrystalline ceramics with small rare earth elements (RE= Dy–Lu and Y) have been successfully synthesized and characterized. Interestingly, compared to the classic tetragonal (P4̅21m) melilite structure composed of mixed Sr/REcationic sites, these compositions can crystallize in a 3 × 1 × 1 orthorhombic (P21212) superstructure. A detailed study of the superstructure, investigated using different techniques (synchrotron and neutron powder diffraction, STEM-HAADF imaging, and EDS mapping), highlights the existence of a Sr/REcation ordering favored by a large Sr/REsize mismatch and a sufficiently small REcation. An appropriate control of the synthesis conditions through glass crystallization enables the formation of the desired polymorphs, either ordered or disordered. The influence of this tailored cationic ordering/disordering on the REluminescent spectroscopic properties have been investigated. A stronger structuration of the REemission band is observed in the ordered ceramic compared to the disordered ceramic and the glass, whose band shapes are very similar, indicating that the REenvironments in the glass and disordered ceramic are close.

The study of ionic dynamics in solids is essential to understanding and developing modern energy technologies. Here we study the ionic dynamics of orthorhombic Na2MgSiO4, an interesting case of a polar stuffed-cristobalite-type structure that contains two inequivalent Na sites within the channels of the magnesium silicate tetrahedral framework. Its preparation by a solid-state reaction method favors the presence of ∼2% of Na vacancies, converting it into a pure Na ionic conductor with an optimized ionic conductivity of ∼10–5S cm–1at 200 °C. The macroscopic migration has been characterized through impedance spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulation, which proves the pure Na ionic character of the compound through hopping between Na1 and Na2 sites, forming three-dimensional migration zigzag-shaped paths. High-resolution solid-state 23Na magic-angle-spinning (MAS) NMR spectroscopy is employed to characterize the local structure and microscopic dynamics of Na-ion transport in Na2MgSiO4. Remarkably, variable-temperature 23Na MAS NMR and two-dimensional exchange spectroscopy evidence for the first time a Na site exchange phenomenon at room temperature, which further triggers Na ionic conduction at elevated temperatures.

Since the emergence of lead halide perovskites for photovoltaic research, there has been mounting effort in the search for alternative compounds with improved or complementary physical, chemical, or optoelectronic properties. Here, we report the discovery of Cu2AgBiI6: a stable, inorganic, lead-free wide-band-gap semiconductor, well suited for use in lead-free tandem photovoltaics. We measure a very high absorption coefficient of 1.0 × 105cm–1near the absorption onset, several times that of CH3NH3PbI3. Solution-processed Cu2AgBiI6thin films show a direct band gap of 2.06(1) eV, an exciton binding energy of 25 meV, a substantial charge-carrier mobility (1.7 cm2V–1s–1), a long photoluminescence lifetime (33 ns), and a relatively small Stokes shift between absorption and emission. Crucially, we solve the structure of the first quaternary compound in the phase space among CuI, AgI and BiI3. The structure includes both tetrahedral and octahedral species which are open to compositional tuning and chemical substitution to further enhance properties. Since the proposed double-perovskite Cs2AgBiI6thin films have not been synthesized to date, Cu2AgBiI6is a valuable example of a stable Ag+/Bi3+octahedral motif in a close-packed iodide sublattice that is accessed via the enhanced chemical diversity of the quaternary phase space.

The La1+xAE1–xGa3O7+x/2melilite family (AE= Ca, Sr, and Ba and 0 ≤ x≤ 0.64) demonstrates remarkable oxide ion conductivity due to the ability of its layered tetrahedral [Ga3O7+x/2] network to accommodate and transport interstitial oxide ions (Oint). Compositions of x> 0.65 with very high Ointconcentrations (referred to here as “super-excess” compositions) have the potential to support correspondingly high ionic conductivities but have never before been accessed due to the limitations of conventional solid-state ceramic synthesis. Here, we report that fully substituted La2Ga3O7.5(x= 1) melilite ceramics can be synthesized by direct crystallization of an under-cooled melt, demonstrating that super-excess compositions are accessible under suitable nonequilibrium reaction conditions. La2Ga3O7.5is stable up to 830 °C and exhibits an ionic conductivity of 0.01 S·cm–1at 800 °C, 3 orders of magnitude higher than the corresponding x= 0 end-member LaSrGa3O7and close to the range exhibited by the current best-in-class La1.54Sr0.46Ga3O7.23(0.1 S·cm–1). It crystallizes in an orthorhombic √2a× √2a× 2cexpansion of the parent melilite cell in the space group Ima2 with full long-range ordering of Ointinto chains within the [Ga3O7.5] layers. The emergence of this chain-like (1D) ordering within the 2D melilite framework, which appears to be an incipient feature of previously reported partially ordered melilites, is explained in terms of the underlying hexagonal topology of the structure. These results will enable the exploration of extended compositional ranges for the development of new solid oxide ion electrolytes with high concentrations of interstitial oxide charge carriers.

Melilite-type gallates of general formula RE1+xAE1–xGa3O7+x/2are of interest for their ability to host mobile interstitial oxide ions in [Ga3O7+x] layers. The crystal structure of Ca5Ga6O14is closely related to melilite, with [Ga3O7] layers stacked in a more complex way to accommodate an additional 0.5 interlayer cations per formula unit, suggesting the potential for similar oxide ion conduction behavior. We used a computational approach to identify the most promising routes to interstitial oxide incorporation into Ca5Ga6O14, leading to an experimental investigation of the system Ca5–xLaxGa6O14+x/2. Single-phase materials were obtained in the range 0 ≤ x≤ 0.25 by solid state reactions, producing an ∼40× increase in ionic conductivity at 800 °C. This limited compositional range presents a challenge for characterization of the charge-compensating defects. The La substituents were observed directly by X-ray diffraction and STEM–EDX, and a combination of different structural characterization techniques and DFT calculations indicated the presence of interstitial oxide ions indirectly, explaining the conductivity response. As higher carrier concentrations (x> 0.25) are apparently inaccessible in this system, we conclude that its potential as a useful oxide ion conductor is more limited than that of established melilite materials such as La1+xCa1–xGa3O7+x/2.

Framework oxides with the capacity to host mobile interstitial oxide anions are of interest as electrolytes in intermediate temperature solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). High performance materials of this type are currently limited to the anisotropic oxyapatite and melilite structure types. The langasite structure is based on a corner-shared tetrahedral network similar to that in melilite but is three-dimensionally connected by additional octahedral sites that bridge the layers by corner sharing. Using low-temperature synthesis, we introduce interstitial oxide charge carriers into the La3Ga5–xGe1+xO14+x/2langasites, attaining a higher defect content than reported in the lower dimensional oxyapatite and melilite systems in La3Ga3.5Ge2.5O14.75(x= 1.5). Neutron diffraction and multinuclear solid state 17O and 71Ga NMR, supported by DFT calculations, show that the excess oxygen is accommodated by the formation of a (Ge,Ga)2O8structural unit, formed from a pair of edge-sharing five-coordinated Ga/Ge square-based pyramidal sites bridged by the interstitial oxide and a strongly displaced framework oxide. This leads to more substantial local deformations of the structure than observed in the interstitial-doped melilite, enabled by the octahedral site whose primary coordination environment is little changed by formation of the pair of square-based pyramids from the originally tetrahedral sites. AC impedance spectroscopy on spark plasma sintered pellets showed that, despite its higher interstitial oxide content, the ionic conductivity of the La3Ga5–xGe1+xO14+x/2langasite family is lower than that of the corresponding melilites La1+ySr1–yGa3O7+y/2. The cooperative structural relaxation that forms the interstitial-based (Ga,Ge)2O8units stabilizes higher defect concentrations than the single-site GaO5trigonal bipyramids found in melilite but effectively traps the charge carriers. This highlights the importance of controlling local structural relaxation in the design of new framework electrolytes and suggests that the propensity of a framework to form extended units around defects will influence its ability to generate high mobility interstitial carriers.

Multinary lithium oxides with the rock salt structure are of technological importance as cathode materials in rechargeable lithium ion batteries. Current state-of-the-art cathodes such as LiNi1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2rely on redox cycling of earth-abundant transition-metal cations to provide charge capacity. Recently, the possibility of using the oxide anion as a redox center in Li-rich rock salt oxides has been established as a new paradigm in the design of cathode materials with enhanced capacities (>200 mAh/g). To increase the lithium content and access electrons from oxygen-derived states, these materials typically require transition metals in high oxidation states, which can be easily achieved using d0cations. However, Li-rich rock salt oxides with high valent d0cations such as Nb5+and Mo6+show strikingly high voltage hysteresis between charge and discharge, the origin of which is uninvestigated. In this work, we study a series of Li-rich compounds, Li4+xNi1–xWO6(0 ≤ x≤ 0.25) adopting two new and distinct cation-ordered variants of the rock salt structure. The Li4.15Ni0.85WO6(x = 0.15) phase has a large reversible capacity of 200 mAh/g, without accessing the Ni3+/Ni4+redox couple, implying that more than two-thirds of the capacity is due to anionic redox, with good cyclability. The presence of the 5d0W6+cation affords extensive (>2 V) voltage hysteresis associated with the anionic redox. We present experimental evidence for the formation of strongly stabilized localized O–O single bonds that explain the energy penalty required to reduce the material upon discharge. The high valent d0cation associates localized anion–anion bonding with the anion redox capacity.

The chemical accessibility of the CeIVoxidation state enables redox chemistry to be performed on the naturally coinage-metal-deficient phases CeM1–xSO (M = Cu, Ag). A metastable black compound with the PbFCl structure type (space group P4/nmm: a= 3.8396(1) Å, c= 6.607(4) Å, V= 97.40(6) Å3) and a composition approaching CeSO is obtained by deintercalation of Ag from CeAg0.8SO. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy reveals the presence of large defect-free regions in CeSO, but stacking faults are also evident which can be incorporated into a quantitative model to account for the severe peak anisotropy evident in all the high-resolution X-ray and neutron diffractograms of bulk CeSO samples; these suggest that a few percent of residual Ag remains. A straw-colored compound with the filled PbFCl (i.e., ZrSiCuAs- or HfCuSi2-type) structure (space group P4/nmm: a= 3.98171(1) Å, c= 8.70913(5) Å, V= 138.075(1) Å3) and a composition close to LiCeSO, but with small amounts of residual Ag, is obtained by direct reductive lithiation of CeAg0.8SO or by insertion of Li into CeSO using chemical or electrochemical means. Computation of the band structure of pure, stoichiometric CeSO predicts it to be a Ce4+compound with the 4f-states lying approximately 1 eV above the sulfide-dominated valence band maximum. Accordingly, the effective magnetic moment per Ce ion measured in the CeSO samples is much reduced from the value found for the Ce3+-containing LiCeSO, and the residual paramagnetism corresponds to the Ce3+ions remaining due to the presence of residual Ag, which presumably reflects the difficulty of stabilizing Ce4+in the presence of sulfide (S2–). Comparison of the behavior of CeCu0.8SO with that of CeAg0.8SO reveals much slower reaction kinetics associated with the Cu1–xS layers, and this enables intermediate CeCu1–xLixSO phases to be isolated.

We present the synthesis and characterization of the K+-intercalated rubrene (C42H28) phase, K2Rubrene (K2R), and identify the coexistence of amorphous and crystalline materials in samples where the crystalline component is phase-pure. We suggest this is characteristic of many intercalated alkali metal–polyaromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) systems, including those for which superconductivity has been claimed. The systematic investigation of K–rubrene solid-state reactions using both K and KH sources reveals a complex competition between K intercalation and the decomposition of rubrene, producing three K-intercalated compounds, namely, K2R, K(RR*), and KxR′ (where R* and R′ are rubrene decomposition derivatives C42H26and C30H20, respectively). K2R is obtained as the major phase over a wide composition range and is accompanied by the formation of amorphous byproducts from the decomposition of rubrene. K(RR*) is synthesized as a single phase, and KxR′ is obtained only as a secondary phase to the majority K2R phase. The crystal structure of K2R was determined using high-resolution powder X-ray diffraction, revealing that the structural rearrangement from pristine rubrene creates two large voids per rubrene within the molecular layers in which K+is incorporated. K+cations accommodated within the large voids interact strongly with the neighboring rubrene via η6, η3, and η2binding modes to the tetracene cores and the phenyl groups. This contrasts with other intercalated PAHs, where only a single void per PAH is created and the intercalated K+weakly interacts with the host. The decomposition products of rubrene are also examined using solution NMR, highlighting the role of the breaking of C–Cphenylbonds. For the crystalline decomposition derivative products K(RR*) and KxR′, a lack of definitive structural information with regard to R* and R′ prevents the crystal structures from being determined. The study illustrates the complexity in accessing solvent-free alkali metal salts of reduced PAH of the type claimed to afford superconductivity.

To understand the structural and compositional factors controlling lithium transport in sulfides, we explored the Li5AlS4–Li4GeS4phase field for new materials. Both parent compounds are defined structurally by a hexagonal close packed sulfide lattice, where distinct arrangements of tetrahedral metal sites give Li5AlS4a layered structure and Li4GeS4a three-dimensional structure related to γ-Li3PO4. The combination of the two distinct structural motifs is expected to lead to new structural chemistry. We identified the new crystalline phase Li4.4Al0.4Ge0.6S4, and investigated the structure and Li+ion dynamics of the family of structurally related materials Li4.4M0.4M′0.6S4(M = Al3+, Ga3+and M′ = Ge4+, Sn4+). We used neutron diffraction to solve the full structures of the Al-homologues, which adopt a layered close-packed structure with a new arrangement of tetrahedral (M/M′) sites and a novel combination of ordered and disordered lithium vacancies. AC impedance spectroscopy revealed lithium conductivities in the range of 3(2) × 10–6to 4.3(3) × 10–5S cm–1at room temperature with activation energies between 0.43(1) and 0.38(1) eV. Electrochemical performance was tested in a plating and stripping experiment against Li metal electrodes and showed good stability of the Li4.4Al0.4Ge0.6S4phase over 200 h. A combination of variable temperature 7Li solid state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and ab initiomolecular dynamics calculations on selected phases showed that two-dimensional diffusion with a low energy barrier of 0.17 eV is responsible for long-range lithium transport, with diffusion pathways mediated by the disordered vacancies while the ordered vacancies do not contribute to the conductivity. This new structural family of sulfide Li+ion conductors offers insight into the role of disordered vacancies on Li+ion conductivity mechanisms in hexagonally close packed sulfides that can inform future materials design.

It is challenging to achieve p-type doping of zinc oxides (ZnO), which are of interest as transparent conductors in optoelectronics. A ZnO-related ternary compound, SrZnO2, was investigated as a potential host for p-type conductivity. First-principles investigations were used to select from a range of candidate dopants the substitution of Li+for Zn2+as a stable, potentially p-type, doping mechanism in SrZnO2. Subsequently, single-phase bulk samples of a new p-type-doped oxide, SrZn1–xLixO2(0 < x< 0.06), were prepared. The structural, compositional, and physical properties of both the parent SrZnO2and SrZn1–xLixO2were experimentally verified. The band gap of SrZnO2was calculated using HSE06 at 3.80 eV and experimentally measured at 4.27 eV, which confirmed the optical transparency of the material. Powder X-ray diffraction and inductively coupled plasma analysis were combined to show that single-phase ceramic samples can be accessed in the compositional range x< 0.06. A positive Seebeck coefficient of 353(4) μV K–1for SrZn1–xLixO2, where x= 0.021, confirmed that the compound is a p-type conductor, which is consistent with the pO2dependence of the electrical conductivity observed in all SrZn1–xLixO2samples. The conductivity of SrZn1–xLixO2is up to 15 times greater than that of undoped SrZnO2(for x= 0.028 σ = 2.53 μS cm–1at 600 °C and 1 atm of O2).

Both layered multiple-anion compounds and homologous series are of interest for their electronic properties, including the ability to tune the properties by changing the nature or number of the layers. Here we expand, using both computational and experimental techniques, a recently reported three-anion material, Bi4O4Cu1.7Se2.7Cl0.3, to the homologous series Bi2+2nO2+2nCu2−δSe2+n–δXδ(X = Cl, Br), composed of parent blocks that are well-studied thermoelectric materials. All of the materials show exceptionally low thermal conductivity (0.2 W/mK and lower) parallel to the axis of pressing of the pellets, as well as narrow band gaps (as low as 0.28 eV). Changing the number of layers affects the band gap, thermal conductivity, carrier type, and presence of a phase transition. Furthermore, the way in which the different numbers of layers are accessed, by tuning the compensating Cu vacancy concentration and halide substitution, represents a novel route to homologous series. This homologous series shows tunable properties, and the route explored here could be used to build new homologous series out of known structural blocks.

CD69+CD103+ tissue-resident memory T (TRM) cells are important drivers of inflammation. To decipher their role in inflammatory arthritis, we apply single-cell, high-dimensional profiling to T cells from the joints of patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We identify three groups of synovial CD8+CD69+CD103+ TRMcells: cytotoxic and regulatory T (Treg)-like TRMcells are present in both PsA and RA, while CD161+CCR6+ type 17-like TRMcells with a pro-inflammatory cytokine profile (IL-17A+TNFα+IFNγ+) are specifically enriched in PsA. In contrast, only one population of CD4+CD69+CD103+ TRMcells is detected and at similarly low frequencies in both diseases. Type 17-like CD8+ TRMcells have a distinct transcriptomic signature and a polyclonal, but distinct, TCR repertoire. Type 17-like cells are also enriched in CD8+CD103− T cells in PsA compared with RA. These findings illustrate differences in the immunopathology of PsA and RA, with a particular enrichment for type 17 CD8+ T cells in the PsA joint.

Although the antibody response to COVID-19 vaccination has been studied extensively at the polyclonal level using immune sera, little has been reported on the antibody response at the monoclonal level. Here, we isolate a panel of 44 anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from an individual who received two doses of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine at a 12-week interval. We show that, despite a relatively low serum neutralization titer, Spike-reactive IgG+ B cells are still detectable 9 months post-boost. Furthermore, mAbs with potent neutralizing activity against the current SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (Alpha, Gamma, Beta, Delta, and Omicron) are present. The vaccine-elicited neutralizing mAbs form eight distinct competition groups and bind epitopes overlapping with neutralizing mAbs elicited following SARS-CoV-2 infection. AZD1222-elicited mAbs are more mutated than mAbs isolated from convalescent donors 1–2 months post-infection. These findings provide molecular insights into the AZD1222 vaccine-elicited antibody response.

B cells emerge from the bone marrow as transitional (TS) B cells that differentiate through T1, T2, and T3 stages to become naive B cells. We have identified a bifurcation of human B cell maturation from the T1 stage forming IgMhi and IgMlo developmental trajectories. IgMhi T2 cells have higher expression of α4β7 integrin and lower expression of IL-4 receptor (IL4R) compared with the IgMlo branch and are selectively recruited into gut-associated lymphoid tissue. IgMhi T2 cells also share transcriptomic features with marginal zone B cells (MZBs). Lineage progression from T1 cells to MZBs via an IgMhi trajectory is identified by pseudotime analysis of scRNA-sequencing data. Reduced frequency of IgMhi gut-homing T2 cells is observed in severe SLE and is associated with reduction of MZBs and their putative IgMhi precursors. The collapse of the gut-associated MZB maturational axis in severe SLE affirms its existence in health.

Powder pellets of ca. 30 mg with the mol % composition 0.61Ga2O30.39La2O3are levitated in a gas stream and melted using a pair of CO2lasers. The levitating melt droplets crystallize to form La2Ga3O7.5or LaGaO3after the lasers are turned off. The microstructure of cross sections prepared from them is analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction. One of the beads containing La2Ga3O7.5shows a fully crystallized, polycrystalline microstructure, whereas the other broke apart during cooling, and its cross section shows only a single orientation domain which is more than 7 mm2in area. Solid-state 71Ga NMR spectroscopy was applied to this sample and showed that it was not a single crystal but contains only about 3 orientation domains. The bead containing LaGaO3showed dendritic growth originating from multiple nuclei. Although a single crystal was not achieved by the applied experiments so far, a detailed correlation of measured cooling curves with the observed microstructures enables devising steps along the path toward single crystal production in future experiments.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.