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•Stable dispersion and alignment of graphene oxide nanolayers in PVA were achieved.•Efficient load transfer is found between the nanofillers GO and matrix PVA via strong hydrogen bonding.•The mechanical properties of the GO-based nanocomposite are improved.•The excellent agreement between the experimental tensile modulus data and the values predicted by the theoretical models.•The tunable thermal properties of PVA nanocomposites were proved.

This paper describes a method for optical projection tomography for the 3D in situ characterization of micrometric plant fibers. The proposed approach is based on digital holographic microscopy, the holographic capability being convenient to compensate for the runout of the fiber during rotations. The setup requires a telecentric alignment to prevent from the changes in the optical magnification, and calibration results show the very good experimental adjustment. Amplitude images are obtained from the set of recorded and digitally processed holograms. Refocusing of blurred images and correction of both runout and jitter are carried out to get appropriate amplitude images. The 3D data related to the plant fiber are computed from the set of images using a dedicated numerical processing. Experimental results exhibit the internal and external shapes of the plant fiber. These experimental results constitute the first attempt to obtain 3D data of flax fiber, about 12  μm×17  μm in apparent diameter, with a full-field optical tomography approach using light in the visible range.