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Beckett, Katherine. Ending mass incarceration: why it persists and how to achieve meaningful reform. Oxford, 2022. 272p bibl index ISBN 9780197536575 cloth, $29.95; ISBN 9780197536582 ebook, contact publisher for price [...]

Martin, Liam. Halfway house: prisoner reentry and the shadow of carceral care. New York University, 2021. 256p bibl index ISBN 9781479800681 cloth, $89.00; ISBN 9781479800698 pbk, $28.00; ISBN 9781479800704 ebook, [...]

Doubt, Keith. Sociocide: reflections on today's wars, by Keith Doubt with Jeffrey Boucher. Lexington Books, 2020. 100p bibl index ISBN 9781793623843 cloth, $85.00; ISBN 9781793623850 ebook, $45.00 [cc] 59-1213 HM554 [...]

Gaskew, Tony. Stop trying to fix policing: lessons learned from the front lines of Black liberation. Lexington Books, 2021. 111p bibl index ISBN 9781498589505 cloth, $90.00; ISBN 9781498589512 ebook, $45.00 [...]

Classic writings in anarchist criminology: a historical dismantling of punishment and domination, ed. by Anthony J. Nocella, Mark Seis, and Jeff Shantz. AK Press, 2020. 228p ISBN 9781849353793 pbk, $22.00; [...]

Support for a patient in the aftermath of a potentially traumatic event is enhanced when clinicians understand the normal reactions that may occur during the traumatization process. This article discusses recommendations from international and national guidelines as well as best practices from the medical and psychiatric literature to help guide clinicians providing care for acutely traumatized patients.

Background: The second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in American men is metastatic hormone-refractory adenocarcinoma of the prostate, for which there is currently no effective treatment. Transferrin is abundant in bone stroma and has been found to stimulate models of hormone-refractory metastatic prostate cancer. Suramin, a compound that has been used to treat metastatic prostate cancer, has been demonstrated to antagonize the binding of transferrin to the transferrin receptor and to suppress uptake of iron by hematopoietic cells. Purpose: The purpose of our study was to determine whether transferrin may reverse the inhibitory action of suramin on metastatic prostate-derived cell lines. Methods: Five human prostate cell lines (PC-3, PC-3M, DU-145, TSU-Pr1, and LNCaP) derived from metastatic deposits were examined for response to growth stimulation by apotransferrin, for the presence of transferrin receptors by binding of [125.sup.I]-labeled transferrin, and for relative transferrin receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) content by ribonuclease protection assays. We measured the amount of growth inhibition by suramin in low serum assays to demonstrate maximal inhibition over the critical ranges achieved in serum, and measured the ability of the addition of apotransferrin to reverse the inhibition of suramin in these tumors. Results: The results clearly demonstrate that the androgen-insensitive metastatic cell lines (PC-3, PC-3M, DU-145, and TSU-Pr1) demonstrate increased cell numbers when exposed to holotransferrin or apotransferrin, while the androgensensitive cell line (LNCaP) did not show any increase. All cell lines demonstrated a similar number of transferrin receptors and transferrin receptor mRNA. We used these maximally inhibitory, but clinically relevant, concentrations of suramin to determine whether transferrin could reverse the inhibition, and it did, but only in the androgen-insensitive metastatic lines. Indeed, in the PC-3 cells, inhibition turned to stimulation with the addition of transferrin, and even at the highest concentration of suramin tested, 400 [micro]M, a concentration that would be toxic to patients, the amount of inhibition by suramin was still reduced by more than 50% by transferrin in TSU-Pr1 cells. In the androgen-sensitive LNCaP cells, however, transferrin had limited ability to block the inhibitory activity of suramin. Conclusions: Concentrations of tumor-stimulating factors, such as transferrin, in the metastatic microenvironment need to be taken into consideration in the use of suramin and suramin-like derivatives. Novel strategies need to be identified that will negate the action of transferrin on androgen-insensitive cells. [J Natl Cancer Inst 87:41-46, 1995]

Interferon alpha shows promise for the treatment of ovarian and cervical cancers. Interferon alpha is an antiviral cellular protein that also appears to play a role in a variety of biological activities. Human cervical and ovarian cancer cell lines were incubated with interferon alpha. When the cell lines were exposed to interferon alpha alone lysis, or destruction, of the cells did not occur. Lysis occurred when the cell lines were pretreated with interferon alpha and then treated with the protein synthesis inhibitors actinomycin D or emetine. Simultaneous treatment with interferon alpha and a protein synthesis inhibitor did not lead to additional cell lysis above that seen with the use of a protein synthesis inhibitor alone.

54-5837 HV6023 CIP Place matters: criminology for the twenty-first century, by David Weisburd et al. Cambridge, 2016. 200p bibl index ISBN 9781107029521 cloth, $99.99; ISBN 9781107609495 pbk, $29.99; ISBN 9781316484876 [...]

Nausea and vomiting are common side effects of chemotherapy and may be so severe that they prevent the patient from continuing chemotherapeutic treatment. As a result, antiemetics are often given along with chemotherapy drugs. This is especially true in the case of cisplatin, which seems to cause the highest incidence of nausea and vomiting. One of the antiemetics in use is dexamethasone. Research in mice has demonstrated that dexamethasone can reduce the activity of natural cytotoxic (NC) cells, which are part of the body's natural defense against tumors. For this reason, the NC cell activity was examined in patients undergoing chemotherapy and receiving dexamethasone as an antiemetic. Blood was collected from patients and the mononuclear cells, which contain the NC cells as a subset, were separated. Mouse fibroblast cells were used as target cells; healthy NC cells should kill the fibroblasts efficiently. The killing was monitored by measuring radioactive chromium, which normal fibroblasts keep inside but punctured and dying fibroblasts release. NC activity was unaffected by different chemotherapeutic regimens, although chemotherapy may affect NC activity after 1 to 2 weeks. NC activity is not affected by antiemetics such as prochlorperazine or diphenhydramine. Dexamethasone, on the other hand, reduced the activity of the natural cytotoxic cells. Experiments in tissue culture have shown that cisplatin actually enhances the ability of NC cells to bind to and destroy their targets. It is not known, however, if any of the effectiveness of cisplatin is due to the enhancement of NC activity. Since NC activity does play a role in tumor rejection in laboratory animals, however, the advisability of using dexamethasone with cisplatin in cancer patients should be researched further. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

We assessed two approaches for determining shell thicknesses of core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). These assessments were based on simulations of photoelectron peak intensities for Au-core/C-shell, C-core/Au-shell, Cu-core/Al-shell, and Al-core/Cu-shell NPs with a wide range of core diameters and shell thicknesses. First, we demonstrated the validity of an empirical equation developed by Shard for determinations of shell thicknesses. Values of shell thicknesses from the Shard equation typically agreed with actual shell thicknesses to better than 10%. Second, we investigated the magnitudes of elastic-scattering effects on photoelectron peak intensities by performing a similar series of simulations with elastic scattering switched off in our simulation software. Our ratios of the C-shell 1s intensity to the Au-core 4f7/2intensity with elastic scattering switched off were qualitatively similar to those obtained by Torelli et al. from a model that neglected elastic scattering. With elastic scattering switched on, the C 1s/Au 4f7/2intensity ratios generally changed by less than 10%, thereby justifying the neglect of elastic scattering in XPS models that are applied to organic ligands on Au-core NPs. Nevertheless, elastic-scattering effects on peak-intensity ratios were generally much stronger for C-core/Au-shell, Al-core/Cu-shell, and Cu-core/Al-shell NPs, and there were second-order dependences on core diameter and shell thickness.

Molecular glasses indomethacin and ortho-terphenyl were formed and fractured by cooling a liquid on a less thermally expansive substrate. In-plane tension was created by the mismatch of thermal expansion coefficients and accumulated to cause catastrophic network fracture. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to characterize the process. The heat of fracture exceeds by 10 times the strain energy released, and matches the excess enthalpy stored by an elastic film that is cooled under lateral constraint. The constrained film has a smaller heat capacity than a free-standing film, by approximately 0.01 J/g/K or 1%. This allows the constrained film to reach higher enthalpy on cooling and the excess enthalpy is released at fracture.

Leigey, Margaret E. The forgotten men: serving a life without parole sentence. Rutgers, 2015. 222p bibl index afp ISBN 9780813569482 cloth, $90.00; ISBN 9780813569475 pbk, $28.95 53-1053 HV9304 2014-30635 CIP [...]

51-3548 HV9304 2013-12998 CIP Gunnison, Elaine. Offender reentry: beyond crime & punishment, by Elaine Gunnison and Jacqueline B. Helfgott. L. Rienner, 2013. 239p bibl index afp ISBN 1588269124, $58.00; ISBN [...]

Abstract Study objective--To determine the effects of birth weight and linear growth retardation (stunting) in early childhood on blood pressure at age 11-12 years. Design--Prospective cohort study. Setting--Kingston, Jamaica. Participants--112 [...]

Abstract Background--The prevalence of childhood asthma is increasing but few studies have investigated trends in asthma severity. We investigated trends in asthma diagnosis and symptom morbidity between an eight year [...]

by Robert James Cimasi, CBI, CBC. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, New York, 1999, 501 pages, hardcover. $75 The rapidly changing and highly complex healthcare field [...]

Wright, John Paul. Conservative criminology: a call to restore balance to the social sciences, by John Paul Wright and Matt DeLisi. Routledge, 1979. 138p bibl index ISBN 9781138125131 cloth, $210.00; [...]

Narrative criminology: understanding stories of crime, ed. by Lois Presser and Sveinung Sandberg. New York University, 2015. 318p bibl index afp ISBN 9781479876778 cloth, $89.00; ISBN 9781479823413 pbk, $30.00 53-2004 [...]

50-2973 HV6025 MARC Hall, Steve. Theorizing crime and deviance: a new perspective. SAGE Publications, 2012. 294p bibl index ISBN 9781848606715, $115.00; ISBN 9781848606722 pbk, $44.00 'Crime is merely a word [...]

47-4136 HV9471 2009-22605 CIP Polizzi, David. Transforming corrections: humanistic approaches to corrections and offender treatment, by David Polizzi and Michael Braswell. Carolina Academic, 2009. 245p bibl index afp ISBN 9781594604522 [...]

The Growth of incarceration in the United States: exploring causes and consequences, [ed.] by Jeremy Travis and Bruce Western. National Academies Press, 2014. 444p ISBN 9780309298018 pbk, $74.95 52-2841 HV9471 [...]

Pratt, John. Contrasts in punishment: an explanation of Anglophone excess and Nordic exceptionalism, by John Pratt and Anna Eriksson. Routledge, 2013. 260p bibl index ISBN 9780415524735, $155.00; ISBN 9780203096116 e-book, [...]

The case being presented is a 35-year-old female with a 3-year history of progressive dyspnea and right-sided heart failure following spine surgery. Physical examination identified a continuous bruit in the lower abdomen radiating to her back which prompted further evaluation. Echocardiography showed normal left ventricle systolic function, enlarged right ventricle, functional tricuspid regurgitation, and moderate pulmonary hypertension. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the abdomen and pelvis demonstrated findings consistent with an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) between the right common iliac artery and the inferior vena cava. She underwent an uneventful endovascular repair without perioperative complication. The patient's symptoms resolved a few hours after the procedure and she continued to be symptom free at 3-month follow-up. This case illustrates an iatrogenic iliocaval fistula causing high-output cardiac failure which was successfully treated endovascularly with excellent clinical result.

Zaffaroni, Eugenio Raul. Criminology and criminal policy movements, by Eugenio Raul Zaffaroni and Edmundo Oliveira. University Press of America, 2013. 476p bibl index afp ISBN 9780761858522 pbk, $46.99; ISBN 9780761858539 [...]

Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "A Candidate for the Simplest Uncomputable Function," published in a 1965 issue, "More on Rounding in Commercial Applications," published in a 1965 issue, and "On the Double-Precision Square Root Routine" also published in the 1965 issue.

49-5974 HV6025 2011-28152 CIP Agnew, Robert. Toward a unified criminology: integrating assumptions about crime, people, and society. New York University, 2011. 251p bibl indexes afp ISBN 9780814705087, $75.00; ISBN 9780814705094 [...]

49-2995 PN6149 2010-39258 CIP Davies, Christie. Jokes and targets. Indiana, 2011. 314p bibl index afp ISBN 9780253356192, $70.00; ISBN 9780253223029 pbk, $24.95 Davies (emer., Univ. of Reading, UK) is perhaps [...]

We evaluated two methods for determining shell thicknesses of core–shell nanoparticles (NPs) by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. One of these methods had been developed for determining thicknesses of films on a planar substrate while the other was developed specifically for NPs. Our evaluations were based on simulated Cu 2p3/2spectra from Cu-core/Cu-shell NPs with a wide range of core diameters and shell thicknesses. Copper was chosen for our tests because elastic-scattering effects for Cu 2p3/2photoelectrons excited by Al Kα X-rays are known to be strong. Elastic scattering could also be switched off in our simulations so that the two methods could be evaluated in the limit of no elastic scattering. We found that the first method, based on both core and shell photoelectron intensities, was unsatisfactory for all conditions. The second method, based on an empirical equation for NPs developed by Shard, also utilized both core and shell photoelectron intensities and was found to be satisfactory for all conditions. The average deviation between shell thicknesses derived from the Shard equation and the true values was −4.1% when elastic scattering was switched on and −2.2% when elastic scattering was switched off. If elastic scattering was switched on, the effective attenuation length for a Cu film on a planar substrate was the appropriate length parameter while the inelastic mean free path was the appropriate parameter when elastic scattering was switched off.

49-0576 HV8688 2011-289291 MARC Cunneen, Chris. Debating restorative justice, by Chris Cunneen and Carolyn Hoyle. Hart Publishing, 2010. 195p index ISBN 9781849460224 pbk, $30.00 In recent years, those interested in [...]

48-1545 HV6025 2009-18647 CIP Criminology and public policy: putting theory to work, ed. by Hugh D. Barlow and Scott H. Decker. Temple University, 2010. 292p bibl indexes afp ISBN 9781439900062, [...]

IMPORTANCE: Optimal chemotherapy dosing in obese patients remains uncertain, with variation in practice. Dose reduction strategies are often used to avoid chemotoxicity, but recent American Society of Clinical Oncology guidelines recommend full dose. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on chemotherapy dosing and of dose reduction on ovarian cancer survival. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: Cohort study in Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) health care setting of patients with primary invasive epithelial ovarian cancers diagnosed from January 2000 through March 2013. Analyses focused on 806 patients receiving adjuvant first-line therapy of carboplatin and paclitaxel with curative intent. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Overall and ovarian cancer–specific mortality. Deaths were identified through the KPNC Mortality Linkage System, with median follow-up of 52.5 months. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs were estimated from proportional hazards regression, accounting for prognostic variables including age at diagnosis, race, stage, grade, histologic type, chemotoxic effects, comorbidities, cancer antigen 125 levels, and BMI at diagnosis. RESULTS: The strongest predictor of dose reduction was a high BMI. Compared with normal-weight women, obese class III women received 38% and 45% lower doses in milligrams per kilogram of body weight of paclitaxel and carboplatin, respectively (P < .001 for each agent). They also received lower relative dose intensity (RDI) for each agent and the combined regimen, calculated as average RDI (ARDI). Mean ARDI was 73.7% for obese class III women and 88.2% for normal-weight women (P < .001). Lower ARDI (<70%) was associated with worse overall (HR, 1.62 [95% CI, 1.10-2.37]) and ovarian cancer–specific survival (HR, 1.69 [95% CI, 1.12-2.55]). Women who were obese at diagnosis appeared to have better survival. In multivariable-adjusted analyses considering joint effects by BMI and ARDI, compared with women with normal weight and no dose reduction, normal-weight women with dose reduction (ARDI < 85%) experienced worse survival (HR, 1.50 [95% CI, 1.02-2.21]). For each BMI category, those with ARDI less than 85% had worse survival than those without dose reduction. The improved survival among obese women was no longer apparent with dose reduction. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Lower RDI was an independent predictor of ovarian cancer mortality. This finding was strongest among normal-weight women but seen at all levels of BMI. Our results suggest that body size should not be a major factor influencing dose reduction decisions in women with ovarian cancer.

The functionality of a new version of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Database for the Simulation of Electron Spectra for Surface Analysis (SESSA) (Werner, W. S. M.; et al. U.S. Department of Commerce/NIST: Gaithersburg, Maryland,2014) has been extended by implementing a new geometry engine. The engine enables users to simulate Auger-electron spectra and X-ray photoelectron spectra for different predefined morphologies (planar, islands, spheres, multilayer core–shell particles). We compared shell thicknesses of core–shell nanoparticles derived from core–shell XPS peak intensities using Shard’s method, which allows one to estimate shell thicknesses of core–shell nanoparticles, and a series of SESSA simulations for a wide range of nanoparticle dimensions. We obtained very good agreement of the shell thicknesses for cases where elastic scattering within the shell can be neglected, a result that is in accordance with the underlying assumptions of the Shard model. If elastic-scattering effects are important, there can be thickness uncertainties of up to 25%. Experimental spectra of functionalized gold nanoparticles obtained by Techane et al. were analyzed with SESSA 2.0 both with respect to the relevant peak intensities as well as the spectral shape. Good agreement between experiment and theory was found for both cases. These results show that the single-sphere model for core–shell nanoparticles is valid when just using peak intensities, but more detailed modeling is needed to describe the inelastic background.

Within the field of organ donation, multiple studies have shown differences in patterns of trust, however, it is unclear which elements are significantly related to donation decision making among African Americans. This study sought to disentangle the construct of trust by parceling out measures related to the healthcare system, the donation/allocation system, and the physician; and determine the relationship of these dimensions to attitudes toward organ and tissue donation. Cross-sectional survey data were gathered from 585 African American adults residing in the Atlanta metropolitan area. Results indicate that varying dimensions of trust function differently in their influence on attitudes toward donation. Our findings suggest that trust is critical to donation decision-making and should be measured with a multidimensional approach, particularly among racial/ethnic groups with complex histories with the healthcare system. This study underlines the need for a more tailored, individualized approach to promoting organ and tissue donation among African Americans.

Diabetes mellitus is well known to cause bladder dysfunction; however, the molecular mechanisms governing this process and the effects on individual tissue elements within the bladder are poorly understood, particularly in type 2 diabetes. A shotgun proteomics approach was applied to identify proteins differentially expressed between type 2 diabetic (TallyHo) and control (SWR/J) mice in the bladder smooth muscle and urothelium, separately. We were able to identify 1760 nonredundant proteins from the detrusor smooth muscle and 3169 nonredundant proteins from urothelium. Pathway and network analysis of significantly dysregulated proteins was conducted to investigate the molecular processes associated with diabetes. This pinpointed ERK1/2 signaling as a key regulatory node in the diabetes-induced pathophysiology for both tissue types. The detrusor muscle samples showed diabetes-induced increased tissue remodeling-type events such as Actin Cytoskeleton Signaling and Signaling by Rho Family GTPases. The diabetic urothelium samples exhibited oxidative stress responses, as seen in the suppression of protein expression for key players in the NRF2-Mediated Oxidative Stress Response pathway. These results suggest that diabetes induced elevated inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, and tissue remodeling are involved in the development of tissue specific diabetic bladder dysfunctions. Validation of signaling dysregulation as a function of diabetes was performed using Western blotting. These data illustrated changes in ERK1/2 phosphorylation as a function of diabetes, with significant decreases in diabetes-associated phosphorylation in urothelium, but the opposite effect in detrusor muscle. These data highlight the importance of understanding tissue specific effects of disease process in understanding pathophysiology in complex disease and pave the way for future studies to better understand important molecular targets in reversing bladder dysfunction.

As the testing criteria for BRCA expand, we are identifying a greater number of young women at significant risk for breast and ovarian cancer. Fortunately, there is strong evidence to support risk reduction from mastectomy and oophorectomy. However, these surgeries come with significant psychological and physical health consequences. For breast cancer, screening with mammogram and magnetic resonance imaging may be a reasonable approach for a woman who does not desire surgery. However, there is no evidence to suggest any efficacy in screening for ovarian cancer, and women electing to not undergo surgery must have a detailed discussion with their physician regarding the risks and benefits of different management strategies. As more women are electing to undergo surgical risk reduction, providers must also be able to counsel and care for these women who will face unique health challenges after surgical menopause at a young age. A review of the current evidence behind management of the BRCA woman follows, with a focus on areas of controversy and current research.