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Lenalidomide (LDM) is an immunomodulatory and anti-angiogenic drug which has been shown to be effective in several haematological disorders (multiple myeloma [MM], myeloid metaplasia with myelofibrosis [MF] and myelodysplastic syndrome [MDS]). The objective of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerability of LDM in our patients.

La fisiología del crecimiento fetal es un fenómeno multifactorial y complejo, que implica factores tanto fetales y placentarios como maternos. El feto constituye el punto de interés de este artículo, pero resulta imposible describir su crecimiento sin comprender la importancia de las relaciones establecidas con el organismo materno a través principalmente de la placenta; de esta forma, se pueden describir mecanismos tanto genéticos como ambientales y hormonales que actúan en este crecimiento y lo regulan. La placenta, a través de su papel de superficie de intercambio, pero también de barrera, permite el aporte nutricional necesario para el crecimiento fetal, en particular de oxígeno, glucosa y aminoácidos, gracias a un metabolismo regulado con precisión. Pero estos intercambios están mediados permanentemente por factores extrínsecos e intrínsecos. Cabe destacar en particular una regulación hormonal minuciosa y evolutiva durante el embarazo, donde intervienen la insulina, los factores de crecimiento tipo insulina, las hormonas tiroideas, los glucocorticoides o la leptina. Existe también una regulación al nivel genético a través de mecanismos complejos donde intervienen fenómenos de impronta genética. Asimismo, no se debe subestimar al papel ambiental en este crecimiento, como lo demuestra el número creciente de estudios relacionados con el impacto de los disruptores endocrinos en el crecimiento fetal. Por último, es importante no olvidar que la comprensión del crecimiento fetal no sólo permite centrar el foco en la vida fetal y neonatal, sino que también permite entender el gran impacto que puede tener en el futuro adulto.

Pharmacokinetic parameters of thiamphenicol (TAP) were determined after intravenous (i.v.) and intramuscular (i.m.) administration of 30 mg kg–1of TAPin pigs. Plasma drug concentrations were determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) Intravenous TAPkinetics were fitted to a bi-exponential equation, with a first rapid disposition phase followed by a slower disposition phase. Elimination half-life was short, at 59·3 (29·4) minutes; volume of distribution at steady state was 0·62 (0·24) 1 kg–1; and plasma clearance was 13·4 (4·5) ml min–1kg–1. After i.m. administration, the peak plasma concentration (Cmax= 4·1 μg ml–1) was reached in about 60 minutes; these concentrations are lower than those reported in other species. The TAPelimination half-life after i.m. administration, 250·2 (107·1) minutes was longer after than i.v. administration, probably due to the slow rate of absorption from the muscle. The mean bioavailability value for i.m. administration was 76 (12) per cent.

Livers from 65 greater flamingos [Phoenicopterus ruber roseus) collected in three Spanish wetlands were analyzed for organochlorine (OC) residues and fatty acid (FA) composition. Some of these birds were lead poisoned (n=52), as determined in a previous study published elsewhere. The effects of OC levels and normal/abnormal lead levels on the FA composition were analyzed with ANOVA tests in order to establish possible influences among them. High lead concentration was found to increase the relative proportions of 16:0 and 18:1 n-9, and to decrease the proportions of 18:0, 18:2 n-6 and 20:3 n-6. Main OC residues in liver samples were highly chlorinated PCBs (range 211-17, 289 ng/g wet weight) and pp'-DDE (11-10, 268 ng/g WW), and it was determined that PCBs influenced positively the relative proportions of 18:0, 20:4 n-6 and 22:4 n-6, and negatively the 16:0 and 16:1 n-7 proportions. These results are discussed and compared with previously published data on the use of FAs as biomarkers of lead and OC exposure.