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Highlights • A new mathematical model for gonorrhea heavy and non-heavy alcohol deterministic model is formulated. • The concept of optimal control was incorporated into the model with the objective of minimizing the transmission of gonorrhea. • Numerical results with long term behavior of the infected individuals are obtained. • The model uniqueness and existence solution were proved using fixed-point theorem approach. Abstract Alcoholism has become a global threat and has a serious health consequence in the society. In this paper, a deterministic alcohol model is formulated, analyzed and the basic properties established. The reproduction number R 0 of system is determined. The steady states examined and local stability is found to be both locally and globally stable. The endemic state exhibit three equilibra solutions. Furthermore, time dependent control is incorporated into the system in order to establish the best strategy in controlling the alcohol consumption and gonorrhea dynamics, using Pontryagin's Maximum Principle. The numerical results depict that the best strategy to controlling gonorrhea is the application of the three controls at the same time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ascaris lumbricoides, the human roundworm, is a remarkably infectious and persistent parasite. It is a member of the soiltransmitted helminths or geohelminths and infects in the order of 1472 million people worldwide. Despite, its high prevalence and wide distribution it remains along with its geohelminth counterparts, a neglected disease. Ascariasis is associated with both chronic and acute morbidity, particularly in growing children, and the level of morbidity assessed as disability-adjusted life years is about 10·5 million. Like other macroparasite infections, the frequency distribution of A. lumbricoides is aggregated or overdispersed with most hosts harbouring few or no worms and a small proportion harbouring very heavy infections. Furthermore, after chemotherapeutic treatment, individuals demonstrate consistency in the pattern of re-infection with ascariasis, described as predisposition. These epidemiological phenomena have been identified, in a consistent manner, from a range of geographical locations in both children and adults. However, what has proved to be much more refractory to investigation has been the mechanisms that contribute to the observed epidemiological patterns. Parallel observations utilizing human subjects and appropriate animal model systems are essential to our understanding of the mechanisms underlying susceptibility/resistance to ascariasis. Furthermore, these patterns of Ascaris intensity and re-infection have broader implications with respect to helminth control and interactions with other important bystander infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses two U.S. court cases that address an arbitrator's evident partiality from different angles. In the case ST microelectronics NV v. Credit Suisse Securities, the Second Circuit argued that allegations of an arbitrator's predisposition in favor of claimants does not rise to the level of evident partiality required to vacate an award. It also discusses the Chartis Specialty Insurance Co. v. Clearwater Insurance Co.