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RNA can interact with RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), mRNA, or other non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) to form complex regulatory networks. High-throughput CLIP-seq, degradome-seq, and RNA-RNA interactome sequencing methods represent powerful approaches to identify biologically relevant ncRNA-target and protein-ncRNA interactions. However, assigning ncRNAs to their regulatory target genes or interacting RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) remains technically challenging. Chemical modifications to mRNA also play important roles in regulating gene expression. Investigation of the functional roles of these modifications relies highly on the detection methods used. RNA structure is also critical at nearly every step of the RNA life cycle. In this review, we summarize recent advances and limitations in CLIP technologies and discuss the computational challenges of and bioinformatics tools used for decoding the functions and regulatory networks of ncRNAs. We also summarize methods used to detect RNA modifications and to probe RNA structure.

The Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes and ethyl acetoacetate catalyzed by L-proline in water, ionic liquid, and deep eutectic solvents (DESs), respectively, was studied. The mild reaction conditions, enhanced rates, improved yields, and reagents’ reactivity are observed in deep eutectic solvents. The highest yields are up to 94.4%. The Z/E selectivity of products is up to 3.21. In addition, the influencing factors of product configuration were studied by calculation and experiment.

High purity copper and copper alloy targets are the key supporting materials for the interconnection of integrated circuits in advanced processes. In this article, the chemical composition and microstructure of Cu-0.6wt%Mn alloy were characterized by means of Glow Discharge Mass Spectrometry, Inductive Coupled Plasma Emission Spectrometer, Optical Microscope and Scanning Electron Microscope. The results show that the total impurity content for Cu-0.69wt%Mn alloy is less than 1 ppm. The three key impurities contents of Ag and Fe and Si could meet the requirement of electronic materials for integrated circuits by use of high purity raw material and appropriate melting and casting methods. Mn content at different positions along the diameter direction fluctuates slightly between 0.66~0.72 wt%, and completely distributed uniformly in the Cu matrix without any trace of aggregation. Due to the influence of raw materials and casting technology, defects such as porosity and carbon inclusion are easy to appear in as-cast microstructure. Therefore, it is necessary to develop new casting mould and casting processing to improve the quality of ingots.

Background: The aim of the study was to investigate whether the expression of CD27−CD38+in interferon (IFN)-γ+CD4+T cells stimulated by the specific antigen early secreted antigenic target-6 (ESAT-6)/culture filter protein-10 (CFP-10) could be a potential new therapeutic evaluation indicator for anti-tuberculosis (TB) treatment. Methods: Newly diagnosed active pulmonary TB patients, latent TB infection (LTBI) and healthy controls were enrolled from January 2021 to December 2021. PTB patients were treated by standard anti-TB regimen 2HREZ/4HR (2 months of isoniazid (H), rifampin (R), ethambutol (E), and pyrazinamide (Z) followed by 4 months of isoniazid (H) and rifampin (R)). The difference of CD27−CD38+expression in IFN-γ+CD4+T cells before treatment, 2 months after treatment, and 6 months after treatment were compared. Results: Total 45 PTB patients, 38 LTBI cases and 43 healthy controls were enrolled. The expression of CD27−CD38+decreased significantly after anti-TB treatment and was comparable with that in LTBI and healthy controls when the 6-month anti-TB treatment course was completed. The decline rate of CD27−CD38+between 6 months after treatment and baseline was positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (r= 0.766, P< 0.0001), C-reactive protein (r= 0.560, P= 0.003) and chest computerized tomography severity score (r= 0.632, P= 0.0005). The area under receiver operator characteristic curve of CD27−CD38+in distinguish pulmonary TB patients before and after treatment was 0.779. Conclusion: The expression of CD27−CD38+in ESAT-6/CFP-10 stimulated IFN-γ+CD4+T cells can well reflect the changes of the disease before and after anti-TB treatment, which is expected to be a potential new therapeutic evaluation index.

The powders of the BiInSn alloy were produced by the ultrasonic atomization and the ultrasonic mixed crushing using the different dispersants. In this study, the composition, microstructure, melting point, and size of these powders were observed. The viscosity of different solutions of the dispersants and the mechanical properties of the sintered bulk materials were also tested. From the data analysis and results, we found that the composition of the powders using the different methods was consistent with the as-cast state. In addition, the size of powder produced by ultrasonic mixed crushing was significantly smaller than that ultrasonic atomization. And during the ultrasonic crushing process, with the increase of the viscosity of the dispersant, the size of the final powder also decreased, and even submicron powder were produced. The product of submicron powder could effectively improve the density and mechanical properties of sintered materials. And the principles of ultrasonic atomization and ultrasonic mixed crushing were discussed. We found that the mechanism of ultrasonic mixed crushing to produce powder was the micro-shock-wave theory of ultrasonic cavitation. At the same time, these dispersants were effective in keeping the droplets separate from each other and preventing them from merging back into the larger droplets. The droplet was solidified into a powder by rapid cooling in the end.

Knoevenagel condensation of acetylacetone and aromatic aldehyde catalyzed by L-proline in the choline chloride-based deep eutectic solvents was achieved. High yields are up to 96.6%. Mild reaction conditions, enhanced rates, improved yields, recyclability of deep eutectic solvents containing L-proline, and reagents’ reactivity which is different from that in standard organic solvents are the remarkable features observed in deep eutectic solvents. The deep eutectic solvents containing catalyst was recycled in four subsequent runs with no decrease in activity.

Chimeric antigen receptor T cells (CAR-Ts) are a promising strategy for the treatment of many cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM), a hematological malignancy characterized by the high expression of CD38. To broaden the applications of using CD38 as a therapeutic target for the disease, we developed a new nanobody against CD38 and constructed a CD38-CAR that was composed of this nanobody as the targeting domain, and 4-1BB and CD3ζ as the costimulatory and activating domains, in a lentiviral vector. CD3+T cells from healthy individuals were transduced with the CD38-CAR at an efficiency higher than 60%, as determined by CD38-CAR expression using flow cytometry. The CD38-CAR-Ts proliferated efficiently and produced more inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-2, IFN-γ, and TNF-α, when activated. The CD38-CAR-Ts effectively lysed CD38+MM cell lines, including LP-1, RPMI 8226, OPM2, and MOLP8, and primary MM cells from multiple myeloma patients. The specificity was demonstrated by the fact that CD38-CAR-Ts showed little cytotoxicity on LP-1 cells with CD38 knocked out or on K562 cells, which do not express CD38. CD38-CAR-Ts appeared to have a very slight cytotoxicity against CD38+fractions of T cells, B cells, and natural killer cells. In addition, the lysis of CD34+hematopoietic progenitor cells did not completely inhibit the development of colony-forming units. In vivo, CD38-CAR-Ts inhibited tumor growth in NOD/SCID mice that were subcutaneously inoculated with RPMI 8226 cells. These results demonstrate that the CD38-CAR-Ts constructed with the anti-CD38 nanobody are a promising approach for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

Hypertension is a leading risk factor of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the population worldwide. Recently, hundreds of genomic loci were reported for hypertension by GWAS, however, the most SNPs are located in intergenic regions of genome, where a functional cause is difficult to determine. In the current study, a TWAS of hypertension was conducted using 452,264 individuals including 84,640 patients. KEGG and GO enrichment analyses were performed for the hypertension-related genes identified via TWAS. PPI network analysis based on the STRING database was also performed to detect TWAS-identified genes in hypertension. We have identified 18,420 genes from the GWAS summary data, and of those 1010 non-overlapping genes expression were significantly associated with hypertension after FDR correction (PFDR <0.05) in four tissues (left heart ventricle, aorta, whole blood, and peripheral blood). The KEGG and GO terms were mostly related to autoimmune mechanisms, and the autoimmune-related pathways have also been enriched using GO analysis for PPI genes. We further performed Mendelian randomization analysis, and the results supported a significant association between autoimmunity and hypertension. Moreover, 15 novel hypertension-susceptible genes were identified in all tissues, and five of the genes (RBM6, HLA-DRB5, UHRF1BP1, LYZ,and TMEM116) were associated with autoimmune system, which provide further evidence supporting an autoimmune mechanism in hypertension. In summary, our study supports that an autoimmune mechanism plays an important role in the development of hypertension, and these findings will provide new biological insights that will assist in deciphering the molecular etiology of hypertension.

Direct ethanol fuel cells are considered a promising power source for future portable electronic and automotive applications. This article reviewed the synthetic methods commonly used to prepare Pd-based catalysts for the ethanol electrooxidation in alkaline media. The progress in the mechanism studies of ethanol oxidation reaction (EOR) on Pd electrode in alkaline medium by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical in situ FTIR spectroscopy was also reviewed. The recent studies revealed that the EOR is fairly complicated, and it is difficult in CC bond cleavage for the complete oxidation of ethanol to CO2, and ethanol is selectively oxidized to acetate on Pd-based catalysts in alkaline media. Overall, what is most important is to explore new Pd-based alloy catalysts with high ability to break the CC bond to promote complete oxidation of ethanol as well as increase the efficiency of DEFCs.

Fuel cell is one of the most promising power sources towards high-efficiency, low-emission and environmental benign application. In pursuit of a higher performance, electrocatalyst is a crucial research focus. Compared with commercial carbon support, TiO2 exhibits the advantages of higher stability, higher porosity and stronger metal-support interaction. In this article, we give a brief overlook on the influence of diverse crystal and morphology structures on their eletrocatalytic property in fuel cells. Besides, to better meet the demand of practical electrocatalysts, three different methods are summarized to overcome its relatively poor electrical conductivity. Overall, TiO2 is a promising support material of electrocatalysts in fuel cells.

Purpose: To explore the anti-proliferation effect of the Shenfouweikang in treatment of chronic atrophy gastrititis. Methods: Wistar rat was used as the experimental model. The rats were divided into three groups, one control and the two drug administration experimental groups. Animals in the two experimental groups received either Shenfouweikang or Dele granule over a 90-day period starting at the first day after drug administration. Animals received saline as controls. All the rats were sacrificed at 91 days after treatment. The anti-proliferation effect was assessed by two ways: (1) The weight was periodically measured during the life of the animals. (2) The morphological changes of gastric mucous were examined by pathology analysis. (3) The expression of heat shock protein 70 was detected by immunohistochemistry. Results: Compared with controls and Dele granular powder, the dysplasia in rat chronic atrophy gastrititis model was significantly inhibited and reversed in the Shenfouweikang decoction group. The expression of heat shock protein 70 was decreased after Shenfouweikang herbs treatment. Conclusion: Shenfouweikang herbs could produce anti-proliferation effect through reversing the dysplasia of chronic atrophy gastrititis through down-regulating the expression of heat shock protein 70.

Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and glycoprotein 96 (gp96) are highly expressed in cancer tissues. Recent studies indicate the possible roles of HSP72 and gp96 in the development and progression of gastrointestinal carcinomas but detailed information is still ambiguous. The aim of the study is to investigate the correlation between clinicopathology and expression of HSP72 and gp96 in human common gastroenterological cancers- esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, gastric adenocarcinoma, colonic adenocarcinoma and hepatocellular carcinoma. The results showed that HSP72 and gp96 were highly expressed in gastroenterological carcinomas. HSP72 and gp96 were mainly stained in cytoplasm. HSP72 and gp96 expression were significantly associated with the presence of tumor infiltration, lymph node and remote metastasis. The results indicate that there exists a significant correlation between the expression of HSP72 and gp96 and the progression of gastroenterological carcinomas.

In this work, a laminated microstructure-plate electrically heated micro evaporator was proposed. The effects of microstructure types on the evaporation efficiency of electrically heated micro evaporator under different input voltage values and flow rates of water were investigated. It was indicated that the triangular microstructure plate presented the best evaporation efficiency regardless of the change of input voltage and feed flow rate. The nonuniform-distributed microchannel plate presented better evaporation performance than that of uniform-distributed microchannel plate, while the triangular microstructure plate presented higher evaporative performance than that of rectangular microstructure plate.

A new approach of spontaneous deposition was carried out to prepare the Ru/Pt film electrocatalyst for direct methanol fuel cells. This deposition method just made Pt like a ‘skin’ covered Ru films, which reduced the load of Pt but obtained a higher activity. The Pt-modified Ru films electrode was studied with the cyclic voltammetries and in-situ ATR-SEITA spectra on methanol oxidation. Compare to bare Ru and Pt, the bands of the adsorbed CO and water observed in IR spectra can be assigned. The present results give a clue for designing new electrocatalysts for DMFCs.

Purposes: To construct a recombinant vaccine alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-glycoprotein (gp96) complex, and study its ability to induce specific CTL response and its protective effect against AFP-producing tumor. Material/Methods: A recombinant vaccine was constructed by conjugating mouse alpha-fetoprotein to glycoprotein 96. By way of intracutaneous injection, mice were primed and boosted with recombinant vaccine mAFP/gp96, whereas single mAFP or gp96 injection as controls. The ELISPOT and ELISA were used to measure the frequency of cells producing the cytokine IFN-gama in splenocytes and the level of anti-AFP antibody of serum from immunized mice respectively. In vivo tumor challenge was carried out to assess the immune effect of the recombinant vaccine. Results: By recombinant mAFP/gp96 vaccine immunization, the results of ELISPOT and ELISA showed that the number of splenic cells producing IFN-gama and the level of anti-AFP antibody of serum were significantly higher in mAFP/gp96 group than those in mAFP and gp96 groups (122.50±9.30 IFN-gama spots/106 cells vs 46.40±10.32 IFN-gama spots/106 cells, 12.14±7.33 IFN-gama spots/106 cells, P<0.01; 164.52±11.22 µg/mL vs 56.32±8.23 µg/mL, 7.56±3.47 µg/mL, P< 0.01). The tumor volume in mAFP/gp96 group was significantly smaller than that in mAFP and gp96 groups (32.46±6.35 mm3 vs 384.16±11.43 mm3, 832.54±12.72 mm3, P< 0.01). Conclusions: The study further confirmed the function of glycoprotein 96s immune adjuvant. Sequential immunization with recombinant mAFP/gp96 vaccine could generate effective antitumor immunity on AFP-producing tumor. The recombined mAFP/gp96 vaccine may be suitable for serving as an immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and glycoprotein 96 (gp96) are highly expressed in cancer tissues. Recent studies indicate the possible roles of HSP72 and gp96 in the development and progression of lung carcinomas but detailed information is still ambiguous. The aim of the study is to investigate the correlation between clinicopathology and immunolocalization of HSP72 and gp96 in human lung carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that HSP72 and gp96 expression in lung carcinomas with metastasis was significantly higher than those with non-metastasis. HSP72 and gp96 expression were significantly associated with the presence of tumor infiltration, lymph node and remote metastasis.

Purposes: To construct a recombinant vaccine alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)-heat shock protein (HSP70) complex, and study its ability to induce specific CTL response and its protective effect against AFP-producing tumor. Material/Methods: A recombinant vaccine was constructed by conjugating mouse alpha-fetoprotein to heat shock protein 70. By way of intracutaneous injection, mice were primed and boosted with recombinant vaccine mAFP/HSP70, whereas single mAFP or HSP70 injection as controls. The ELISPOT and ELISA were used to measure the frequency of cells producing the cytokine IFN-gama in splenocytes and the level of anti-AFP antibody of serum from immunized mice respectively. In vivo tumor challenges were carried out to assess the immune effect of the recombinant vaccine. Results: By recombinant mAFP/HSP70 vaccine immunization, the results of ELISPOT and ELISA showed that the number of splenic cells producing IFN-gama and the level of anti-AFP antibody of serum were significantly higher in mAFP/HSP70 group than those in mAFP and HSP70 groups (108.50±11.70 IFN-gama spots/106 cells vs 41.60±10.40 IFN-gama spots/106 cells, 7.32±3.14 IFN-gama spots/106 cells, P&lt;0.01; 156.32±10.42 µg/mL vs 66.52±7.35 µg/mL, 5.73±2.89 µg/mL, P&lt;0.01). The tumor volume in mAFP/HSP70 group was significantly smaller than that in mAFP and HSP70 groups (42.44±7.14 mm3 vs 392.23±12.46 mm3, 838.63±13.84 mm3, P&lt;0.01). Conclusions: The study further confirmed the function of heat shock protein 70’s immune adjuvant. Sequential immunization with recombinant mAFP/HSP70 vaccine could generate effective antitumor immunity on AFP-producing tumor. The recombined mAFP/HSP70 vaccine may be suitable for serving as an immunotherapy for hepatocellular carcinoma.

nanoimprint was developed quickly in decades because of its ultrahigh resolution, low cost, high throughput. It has demonstrated the ability to pattern 5 nm line-width and 12 inch wafer, and is one of the support technology in NGL. This paper reported a novel nanoimprint to improve the pressure uniformity with air cushion press. The chamber is sealed by a SiO2 window with an elastic ring membrane, on which the mold is fixed . Ultraviolet light solidify resist on the wafer through this window. When air in chamber bleeded the window falled and the mold is pressed into the resist. If air leading into the chamber again, the mold separate from substrate by the elastic ring membrane, then the patterns on mold are translated onto the substrate. Experiments exhibit that this nanoimprint system can replicate features with high fidelity over a large patterning area.

Heat shock protein 72 (HSP72) and glycoprotein 96 (gp96) are highly expressed in cancer tissues. Recent studies indicate the possible roles of HSP72 and gp96 in the development and progression of gastrointestinal carcinomas but detailed information is still ambiguous. The aim of the study is to investigate the correlation between clinicopathology and immunolocalization of HSP72 and gp96 in human hepatocellular carcinoma. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that HSP72 and gp96 expression in hepatocellular carcinomas with metastasis was significantly higher than those with non-metastasis. HSP72 and gp96 expression were significantly associated with the presence of tumor infiltration, lymph node and remote metastasis.

On the basis of analyzing the properties of the Camellia oleifera peel and seed, for the purpose of solving the problem of the separation of peel and seed, a device has been designed based on the aerodynamic principles. The single factor experiment has been carried out to research how the feeding angle, feeding height, fan inclination and fan height can influence the seperation. The result shows that the feeding angle has a significantly effect on the separation, the suitable angle is 40°; the feeding height has a significantly effect on the separation; when the feeding height is 200mm, the peel in the seed zone is the least, but the seed in mixing zone is the most, when the feeding height is 300mm, the seed in the mixing zone is the lesat, but the peel in the seed zone is the most, so in the actual production, the feeding height need to be comprehensive considered; the fan inclination has a significantly effect on the separation, the suitable inclination is 15°; the fan height does not have a significant effect on the separation.

The Ru/C nanocomposites with loading of 20wt% were prepared by ethylene glycol in the presence of XC-72. Carbon-supported Ru nanoparticles were decorated with Pt by spontaneous deposition method after Ru surface oxides were reduced in the hydrogen atmosphere at 180 for 2h. TEM indicated that the average particle size of catalyst was about 4nm with excellent dispersion and the XRD analyzing results showed that Pt had decorated on surface of Ru. The anti-poisoning ability was studied by pre-adsorbing CO striping voltammetric curves in 0.1M HClO4. Catalytic activities of the prepared Pt/Ru/C were studied by cyclic voltammetry in a solution of 0.5 mol/L CH3OH + 0.1 mol/L HClO4. The results showed that the oxidation current density was far more than 60wt% RuPt/C (E-TEK) and 20wt% Pt/C (Johnson Matthey). At the same time, the study also showed that the prepared catalyst not only had a higher catalytic activity to methanol, but also had lower Pt loading.

In situ attenuated total reflection (ATR) Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy has been applied to probe the coordination of nitric oxide to iron protoporphyrin IX (FePP) adlayer on Au (FePP/Au) electrodes in 0.1 M HClO4. On the basis of potential controlled ATR-FTIR spectra on independent FePP/Au electrodes and multistep ATR-FTIR measurement on one FePP/Au electrode, for the first time, up to three IR bands corresponding to three types of nitrosyl adducts of FePP have been identified with their intensities (concentrations) varied with the potential applied. The 1915-cm-1band, which shows up at relatively positive potentials and stabilizes in a rather narrow potential range, can be reasonably assigned to the FeIII(NO)(OH2)PP species or to its isoelectronic format FeII(NO)(OH2)PP. The other two bands with much lower frequencies, which can stabilize over a much wider potential range and which can exhibit nearly opposite potential-dependent intensities, are basically characteristic of nitrosyl adducts of ferrous FePP. One band at ca. 1670 cm-1with insignificant Stark effect can be attributed to FeII(NO)PP. The other above 1705 cm-1with significant Stark effect could be ascribed to FeII(NO)2PP. The multinitrosyl adductions may be caused by the largely inhomogeneous structure of the FePP adlayer on Au electrodes.

Biofilm formation is a critical determinant in the pathopoiesis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It could significantly increase bacterial resistance to drugs and host defense.

Efficient electrocatalysts at decreasing cost for ethylene glycol (EG) oxidation reaction are highly demanded for generating electricity out of direct EG fuel cells and producing hydrogen from EG electroreforming cells. In this work, carbon-supported Pd-Ag bimetallic catalysts (PdxAgy/C) with varying atomic ratios (x: y = 2: 1, 1: 1, 1: 2, 1: 3 and 1: 4) are synthesized by adding a Pd(II) precursor solution in a preformed Ag colloid in the presence of ascorbic acid followed by mixing with carbon black, and then are screened for EG electrooxidation in alkaline media. ICP-AES, TEM, XRD and XPS are used to characterize the obtained PdxAgy/C catalysts. The resulting PdxAgynanoparticles exhibit similarly mean sizes of ca. 9.5 nm and an essentially alloy structure with a Pd surface enrichment rather than a typical Ag core-Pd shell structure. Electrocatalytic evaluation reveals that the as-synthesized PdxAgy/C catalysts display a “volcano” profile in terms of the Pd mass activity with increasing y: x value, and the Pd1Ag3/C yields the most enhanced and durable activity among all the catalysts examined. Both electronic and bifunctional effects may account for this enhancement based on the existing guideline for bimetallic catalysts.

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