Search

Environmental and climatic variation drive animal migration. Animals must adjust their behavioral strategies, for example, habitat selection, to match best variation in resources whose value likely varies with conditions such as weather. For example, climate change makes processes such as snowmelt and the emergence of vegetation less predictable at the scale of months or weeks. Furthermore, climate change makes meteorological conditions unpredictable—or dynamic—at the scale of days and hours. The profitability of selecting any particular resource may vary according to local meteorological condition. We studied the impact of dynamic weather conditions on fine-scale movement strategies and resource selection during spring migration of adult female Woodland Caribou (Rangifer tarandus). We assessed the role played by static resources such as open, lichen, and closed forest habitats and their role in a context-dependent of dynamic weather conditions, including temperature, precipitation, and changing snow water equivalent. We tested the role of static resources and dynamic conditions in three contexts: (1) whether caribou were encamped or moving using hidden Markov models; state-specific habitat selection for, and the interaction between, resources and conditions while (2) encamped and (3) moving. Weather conditions influenced the probability of moving or staying encamped, and the probability of selecting for a resource, which likely reflects the profitability of a given resource in a particular condition. The probability of staying encamped in the forest increases as temperature increases, and the probability of selecting an open area is higher when precipitation is lower. We highlight how meteorological conditions modify the selection of a static resource and likely the profitability of a given resource. The resource utility to a consumer is increasingly susceptible to climate change-induced effects.Migrations face uncertain meteorological conditions. These conditions affect habitat selection differently during movement and stopovers.

Honoring the legacy of past editors, especially Kevin R. Kelly, M. Carole Pistole, and James R. Rogers, whom I have had the pleasure of working with, I have been reflecting [...]

The menopausal transition is associated with both first onset of depression and recurrent depression. Risk factors include vasomotor symptoms, a history of premenstrual dysphoria, postpartum depression, major depression, and sleep [...]

Mental health counselors often play an integral part in the training and supervision of students and new practitioners. Whether they are teaching clinical skills in academic settings, providing on-site supervision [...]

The popular film The Hours (S. Rudin, R. Fox, & S. Daldry, 2002), which portrays several characters struggling with mood disorders and other mental health problems, is discussed as an [...]

Strategies are presented for helping mental health counseling (MHC) students navigate the process of receiving clinical supervision, from preparing for and initiating supervision to participating actively within and between sessions. [...]

AbstractWe conducted a systematic review of the medical, nursing, forensic, and social science literature describing events and processes associated with what happens after a traumatic death in the socio-cultural context of largely Western and high-income societies. These include death notification, why survivors choose to view or not view the body, forensic practices affecting viewing the body, alternatives to viewing, and social and cultural practices following the death. We also describe how elements of these processes may act to increase or lessen some of the negative cognitive and emotional consequences for both survivors and providers. The information presented is applicable to those who may be faced with traumatic deaths, including those who work in medicine, nursing, and law enforcement, as well as first responders, forensic investigators, funeral directors, and the families of the deceased.

Health impact assessment (HIA) seeks to expand evaluation of policy and programmes in all sectors, both private and public, to include their impact on population health. While the idea that [...]

Objective: To identify novel diagnostic markers by comparing gene expression in rheumatoid (RA) and reactive arthritis (ReA) synovium. Methods: Synovial biopsy specimens were obtained by needle arthroscopy from the knees [...]

Objective To determine the frequency of different outcomes in women participating in cervical screening. Design Analysis of screening records from 348 419 women, and modelling of cases of cervical cancer [...]

A metaphor of polished rocks is presented in a culminating ritual for master's-level counselor interns, communicating that they are ready to embark on their professional journeys. The ritual consists of [...]

Introduction Dental fear is one of the most pervasive forms of fear. A survey of residents of Dallas, Texas found that approximately 12% of the population reported high dental fear [...], Purpose. High dental anxiety is pervasive and associated with treatment avoidance and poor oral health. Ideally, anxiety reduction techniques should be easy to use, low in cost, non-pharmacological, comfortable, and effective. This study compared the effectiveness of two self-taught anxiety reduction techniques--breathing and focused attention--with a control group. Methods. Anxiety was assessed in 272 adult private dental practice patients with a modified dental anxiety scale-revised. (1) Frequency of oral health care visits in the last 10 years to all dentists, including the current dentist, was collected. Immediately prior to the dental procedure, participants in the two experimental groups were given written instructions outlining the respective anxiety reduction technique they were to use. Efficacy of technique was assessed by subjective comparison to anxiety during previous oral health treatment. Participants also listed techniques that they believed to be effective for anxiety reduction. Results. Twenty-six participants (9.56%) scored high in dental anxiety. High anxiety was associated with infrequent oral health care visits. Compared to the recall of anxiety experienced during prior treatment, there were no significant differences in anxiety between breathing, focusing, and control groups. But there was a trend toward decreased anxiety overall. Controls who reported infrequent visits and use of their own anxiety reduction technique showed significantly reduced anxiety. Conclusion. Dental patients employ numerous strategies for anxiety reduction. Anxiety reduction techniques not yet practiced may place unwanted expectations on patients. It is suggested that oral health care practitioners be aware of the patient's preferred technique for coping with anxiety and encourage them to use self-help techniques. Keywords, Dental anxiety, behavioral dentistry, anxiety management, relaxation therapy, self-help techniques, dental anxiety surveys

A decade after the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act, electronic health records (EHRs) largely remain poorly designed and contribute to clinician burnout.

Scale remains a foundational concept in ecology. Spatial scale, for instance, has become a central consideration in the way we understand landscape ecology and animal space use. Meanwhile, scale-dependent social processes can range from fine-scale interactions to co-occurrence and overlapping home ranges. Furthermore, sociality can vary within and across seasons. Multilayer networks promise the explicit integration of the social, spatial, and temporal contexts. Given the complex interplay of sociality and animal space use in heterogeneous landscapes, there remains an important gap in our understanding of the influence of scale on animal social networks. Using an empirical case study, we discuss ways of considering social, spatial, and temporal scale in the context of multilayer caribou social networks. Effective integration of social and spatial processes, including biologically meaningful scales, within the context of animal social networks is an emerging area of research. We incorporate perspectives that link the social environment to spatial processes across scales in a multilayer context.

TP53mutations are implicated in the progression of mucinous borderline tumors (MBOT) to mucinous ovarian carcinomas (MOC). Optimized immunohistochemistry (IHC) for TP53 has been established as a proxy for the TP53mutation status in other ovarian tumor types. We aimed to confirm the ability of TP53 IHC to predict TP53mutation status in ovarian mucinous tumors and to evaluate the association of TP53mutation status with survival among patients with MBOT and MOC. Tumor tissue from an initial cohort of 113 women with MBOT/MOC was stained with optimized IHC for TP53 using tissue microarrays (75.2%) or full sections (24.8%) and interpreted using established criteria as normal or abnormal (overexpression, complete absence, or cytoplasmic). Cases were considered concordant if abnormal IHC staining predicted deleterious TP53mutations. Discordant tissue microarray cases were re-evaluated on full sections and interpretational criteria were refined. The initial cohort was expanded to a total of 165 MBOT and 424 MOC for the examination of the association of survival with TP53mutation status, assessed either by TP53 IHC and/or sequencing. Initially, 82/113 (72.6%) cases were concordant using the established criteria. Refined criteria for overexpression to account for intratumoral heterogeneity and terminal differentiation improved concordance to 93.8% (106/113). In the expanded cohort, 19.4% (32/165) of MBOT showed evidence for TP53mutation and this was associated with a higher risk of recurrence, disease-specific death, and all-cause mortality (overall survival: HR = 4.6, 95% CI 1.5–14.3, p= 0.0087). Within MOC, 61.1% (259/424) harbored a TP53mutation, but this was not associated with survival (overall survival, p= 0.77). TP53 IHC is an accurate proxy for TP53mutation status with refined interpretation criteria accounting for intratumoral heterogeneity and terminal differentiation in ovarian mucinous tumors. TP53mutation status is an important biomarker to identify MBOT with a higher risk of mortality.

Novel computational and experimental methods focusing on intron features were used to correct known intron annotations in Candida albicans. New introns identified bring the total number of known introns to 415, almost double the number previously known.

Imine self-assembly stands as a potent strategy for the preparation of molecular organic cages. However, challenges persist, such as water insolubility and limited recognition properties due to constraints in the application of specific components during the self-assembly process. In this study, we addressed these limitations by initially employing a locking strategy, followed by a postassembly modification. This sequential approach enables precise control over both the solubility and host–guest properties of an imine-based cage. The resulting structure demonstrates water solubility and exhibits an exceptional capacity to selectively interact with anionic surfactants, inducing their precipitation. Remarkably, each cage precipitates 24 equiv of anionic surfactants even at concentrations much lower than the surfactant’s critical micelle concentration (CMC), ensuring their complete removal. Molecular simulations elucidate how anionic surfactants specifically interact with the cage to facilitate aggregation below the surfactant CMC and induce precipitation as a micellar cross-linker. This innovative class of cages paves the way for the advancement of materials tailored for environmental remediation.

A framework for applying supervision theory to clinical practice and an illustrative case study of a prelicensed counselor are presented. The framework integrates developmental and social role theories of supervision [...]

Increasing numbers of states have formalized the supervision process by mandating qualifications for clinical supervisors and requiring contractual arrangements between counselors and their supervisors. As a result of these changes, [...]

Objective To assess the impact of the NHS breast screening programme on mortality from breast cancer in women aged 55-69 years over the period 1990-8. Design Age cohort model with [...]

Does screening really reduce mortality? EDITOR--We were rather non-plussed to read that the conclusion of the paper by Quinn et al on screening for cervical cancer[1] is not supported by [...]

Exoplanetary systems show a wide variety of architectures, which can be explained by different formation and dynamical evolution processes. Precise orbital monitoring is mandatory to accurately constrain their orbital and dynamical parameters. Although major observational and theoretical advances have been made in understanding the architecture and dynamical properties of exoplanetary systems, many outstanding questions remain. This paper aims to give a brief review of a few current challenges in orbital and dynamical studies of exoplanetary systems and a few future prospects for improving our knowledge. Joint data analyses from several techniques are providing precise measurements of orbits and masses for a growing sample of exoplanetary systems, both with close-in orbits and with wide orbits, as well as different evolutionary stages. The sample of young planets detected around stars with circumstellar disks is also growing, allowing for simultaneous studies of planets and their birthplace environments. These analyses will expand with ongoing and future facilities from both ground and space, allowing for detailed tests of formation, evolution, and atmospheric models of exoplanets. Moreover, these detailed analyses may offer the possibility of finding missing components of exoplanetary systems, such as exomoons, or even finding new exotic configurations such as co-orbital planets. In addition to unveiling the architecture of planetary systems, precise measurements of orbital parameters and stellar properties—in combination with more realistic models for tidal interactions and the integration of such models in N-body codes—will improve the inference of the past history of mature exoplanetary systems in close-in orbits. These improvements will allow a better understanding of planetary formation and evolution, placing the solar system in context.

•Evidence for Aboriginal occupation in the Sydney region at 31 ± 2 ka.•Parramatta Sand Body was subject to luminescence coupled with radiocarbon dating of cultural features.•Results provide evidence for stratigraphic integrity of the deposit and long-term Aboriginal presence in the Sydney region.

To evaluate myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88) and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression in relation to clinical features of epithelial ovarian cancer, histologic subtypes, and overall survival.

Seismic mapping of key Paleozoic surfaces in the East Irish Sea–North Channel region has been incorporated into a review of hydrocarbon prospectivity. The major Carboniferous basinal and inversion elements are identified, allowing an assessment of the principal kitchens for hydrocarbon generation and possible migration paths. A Carboniferous tilt-block is identified beneath the central part of the (Permian–Mesozoic) East Irish Sea Basin (EISB), bounded by carbonate platforms to the south and north. The importance of the Bowland Shale Formation as the key source rock is reaffirmed, the Pennine Coal Measures having been extensively excised following Variscan inversion and pre-Permian erosion. Peak generation from the Bowland source coincided with maximum burial of the system in late Jurassic–early Cretaceous time. Multiphase Variscan inversion generated numerous structural traps whose potential remains underexplored. Leakage of hydrocarbons from these into the overlying Triassic Ormskirk Sandstone reservoirs is likely to have occurred on a number of occasions, but currently unknown is how much resource remains in place below the Base Permian Unconformity. Poor permeability in the Pennsylvanian strata beneath the Triassic fields is a significant risk; the same may not be true in the less deeply buried marginal areas of the EISB, where additional potential plays are present in Mississippian carbonate platforms and latest Pennsylvanian clastic sedimentary rocks. Outside the EISB, the North Channel, Solway and Peel basins also contain Devonian and/or Carboniferous rocks. There have, however, been no discoveries, largely a consequence of the absence of a high-quality source rock and a regional seal comparable to the Mercia Mudstone Group and Permian evaporites of the Cumbrian Coast Group in the EISB.

The Life Insurance Marketing Research Association-sponsored advisory committee suggested making 1989 the Year of the Field Manager, and general agent. Eleven high-performing field managers were interviewed to discover what can be done to recognize the contributions of the managers. The managers made many suggestions, including assessing what motivates agents to perform. Most of the the 11 people interviewed believe communication is crucial because the field manager role is changing within agencies. Training was mentioned as an important aspect, and awards and money are also seen as an important demonstration of industry support.

November 11, 2016/65(44);1234–1237. What is already known about this topic? Candida aurisis an emerging pathogenic fungus that has been reported from at least a dozen countries on four continents during 2009–2015. The organism is difficult to identify using traditional biochemical methods, some isolates have been found to be resistant to all three major classes of antifungal medications, and C. aurishas caused health care–associated outbreaks. What is added by this report? This is the first description of C. auriscases in the United States. C. aurisappears to have emerged in the United States only in the last few years, and U.S. isolates are related to isolates from South America and South Asia. Evidence from U.S. case investigations suggests likely transmission of the organism occurred in health care settings. What are the implications for public health practice? It is important that U.S. laboratories accurately identify C. aurisand for health care facilities to implement recommended infection control practices to prevent the spread of C. auris. Local and state health departments and CDC should be notified of possible cases of C. aurisand of isolates of C. haemuloniiand Candidaspp. that cannot be identified after routine testing. This report details the first U.S. cases of a new fungal infection seen primarily in immunocompromised hosts, including stem cell transplant recipients.

U.S. Army mortuary affairs (MA) soldiers experience stressors of deployment and exposure to the dead, increasing risk for post-traumatic stress and depression. This study examines Troop Education for Army Morale, a postdeployment early intervention based on Psychological First Aid. MA soldiers (N = 126) were randomized to intervention or comparison groups 1-month postdeployment. Intervention sessions were held at 2, 3, 4, and 7 months. Assessments of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, and quality of life (QOL) were conducted at 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, and 10 months for both groups. At baseline, 25.0% of the total sample had probable PTSD (17-item PTSD Checklist M = 35.4, SD = 16.9) and 23.6% had probable depression (9-item Patient Health Questionnaire Depression Scale M = 7.8, SD = 6.9). Over 10 months, PTSD and depression symptoms decreased and QOL improved for the total sample. At study conclusion, intervention and comparison groups were not different. Intervention group males showed a transient symptom increase at 2 to 3 months. Males attended fewer intervention sessions than females. Lower attendance was associated with more symptoms and lower QOL. Higher attendance was associated with greater intervention benefits. Findings highlight the need for better understanding postdeployment interventions and facilitating attendance. Further intervention for MA soldiers is indicated.

The objective of this research was to use data from multiple studies to comprehensively quantify the effects of feeding 1) laidlomycin propionate (LP), alone and/or in combination with chlortetracycline, compared with 2) monensin sodium (MS), alone and/or in combination with tylosin, at commercially approved dosages, on ADG, DMI, feed efficiency (FE), mortality, and carcass characteristics (HCW and liver abscesses). A secondary objective was to explore potential sources of heterogeneity among the comparative effectiveness studies. A systematic review of peer-reviewed literature and industry reports was used to identify studies that included direct comparisons of these treatments in finishing steers in North America. Random-effects meta-analysis models of performance, carcass, and health-related outcomes were fitted with extracted data, consisting of a total of 17 data sets comprising a total of 135 pens and 13,603 steers. Results showed that pens of steers fed LP had increased ADG (live and carcass adjusted), DMI, and HCW compared with those fed monensin (P< 0.05). However, liver abscesses were more common in LP-fed cattle than in MS-fed cattle (P< 0.05), presumably because of differences in the concurrently fed antimicrobials. No significant effects (P> 0.05) were identified for FE or for health-related outcomes (overall and cause-specific mortality). There was a substantial amount of heterogeneity in outcomes among studies, and when pen size and type of production setting were included in mixed-effects meta-regression models, they accounted for only a small proportion of the between-study heterogeneity found in the meta-analysis models. Therefore, caution should be exercised when interpreting summary estimates in the presence of substantial heterogeneity. However, these results provide comprehensive information on the comparative effects of different ionophores across multiple studies and multiple years, states, and production settings. These unique results can enable quantitative and informed decisions by potential end users of these feed additives that are widely used in the U.S. beef industry for reducing the costs of beef production through enhanced cattle performance.

Monitoring of the protected white-clawed crayfish Austropotamobius pallipes (Lereboullet) has been carried out in the headwaters of the Nore River since 1995. In recent years a reduction in crayfish abundance had become apparent. Some populations had completely disappeared. Adult crayfish were sampled using the baited trap method while juveniles were sampled using a modified surber sampler. The temporal variation in baited trap data was found to be significant at three of the sites while significant variation in enclosure sampling data was found at two sites. In an effort to ascertain why the populations had disappeared a possible relationship between water quality and adult and juvenile crayfish numbers was investigated. Water quality was assessed using both chemical and macroinvertebrate data. Macroinvertebrate sampling revealed deterioration in water quality at all sites. Results also showed the disappearance of crayfish from both Q3 and Q3-4 waters at some sites yet crayfish remain at these Q-ratings at other sites. Therefore the Q-rating below which crayfish cannot survive cannot clearly be defined. However, no clear correlation was observed between the water chemistry data and the crayfish data. Crayfish populations at the Fertagh (FRT) site appear to be surviving intermittent pollution and eutrophic conditions where pre-dawn oxygen sags reach lows of 4.4 mg/l O2. Deterioration in water quality as indicated by the Q-value biotic index coincided with reduced crayfish catches. There is no evidence to suggest that predation be it of aquatic or terrestrial origin is a major contributing factor.

Development of pulsed lasers for space-based science missions entail many additional challenges compared to terrestrial experiments. For systems requiring short pulses ≪1 ns with energies >100 mJ and fast repetition rates >10 kHz there are currently few if no laser architectures capable of operating with high electrical efficiency >20% and have good system stability. The emergence of a mulit-channel fiber-based Coherent-Amplifying-Network or CAN laser potentially enables such capability for space based missions. Here in this article we present an analysis of two such missions scaling up in pulse energy from ≈100 mJfor a supercontinuum LIDAR application utilising atmospheric filamentation to the higher energy demands needed for space debris remediation requiring ≈10 Jpulses. This scalability of the CAN laser provides pathways for development of the core science and technology where many new novel space applications can be made possible.