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Objectives: Long-term mortality data for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeders is scarce in the literature. The aim of this prospective study was to determine the long-term mortality of patients admitted to two [...]

Introduction:Use of radial access for chronic total occlusion (CTO) percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) has been increasing.Methods:We examined the clinical characteristics and procedural outcomes of patients who underwent CTO PCI with radial versus femoral access in the Prospective Global Registry for the Study of CTO Intervention (PROGRESS-CTO, NCT02061436).Results:Of 10,954 patients who underwent CTO PCI at 55 centers in 7 countries between 2012 and 2022, 2,578 (24%) had a radial-only approach. Patients who underwent radial-only access were younger (63 ± 10 vs. 65 ± 10, years, p<0.001), more likely to be men (84% vs. 81%, p=0.001), and had a significantly lower prevalence of comorbidities compared with the femoral group, including diabetes mellitus (39% vs. 45%, p<0.001) and coronary artery bypass graft surgery (57% vs. 64%, p<0.001). In addition, radial-only cases had lower angiographic complexity with lower J-CTO (2.0 ± 1.3 vs. 2.5 ± 1.2, p<0.001) and PROGRESS-CTO (1.2 ± 1.0 vs. 1.3 ± 1.0, p<0.001) scores. After adjusting for potential confounders, radial-only access was associated with a lower risk of access site complications (odds ratio [OR]: 0.45, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.22-0.91), similar technical success (OR: 0.87, 95% CI, 0.74-1.04) and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (OR: 0.65, 95% CI, 0.40-1.07), compared with the femoral access group (Figure 1).Conclusions:Radial-only access was used in 24% of CTO PCIs and was associated with lower access site complications, and similar technical success and MACE compared with the femoral access group.