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Few therapeutic options are available for patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa. We aimed to assess the efficacy of secukinumab in patients with moderate-to-severe hidradenitis suppurativa in two randomised trials.

EVICTED: POVERTY AND PROFIT IN THE AMERICAN CITY BY MATTHEW DESMOND Crown A POUND OF FLESH: MONETARY SANCTIONS AS PUNISHMENT FOR THE POOR BY ALEXES HARRIS Russell Sage Foundation It [...]

Nearly half of teenagers in this study handled ache as a transient condition; girls significantly more often than boys. Moreover, the false belief that acne is a transient condition was more frequently observed in subjects without ache than in patients with ache. The study concludes general knowledge about ache among adolescents is limited, and an educational program should be specially designed for this group., Acne vulgaris is a very common disease, which is prevalent in teenagers and young adults (less than 25 years). Nearly 85% of individuals in this group experience some degree of [...]

The article focuses on the potential use of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) for treating psoriatic skin. Topics include the properties of honeysuckle, Rehmannia glutinosa and rhubarb can treat Psoriasis, a chronic, inflammatory and hyperproliferative mediated skin disease, as herbal dermocosmetics can influence pathogenic mechanisms through antiinflammatory and anti-angiogenic effects.

Nemolizumab, an interleukin (IL)-31 receptor subunit α antagonist, inhibits the IL-31 pathway of itch and skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis. Two international phase 3 studies were done to assess the efficacy and safety of nemolizumab in atopic dermatitis. In this Article we report results for the 16-week initial treatment period of both trials.

Chronic hand eczema is a fluctuating, inflammatory, pruritic, often painful disease of hands and wrists that strongly impacts quality of life and occupational capabilities of patients. The aim of phase 3 DELTA 1 and DELTA 2 was to assess the efficacy and safety of twice-daily applications of the topical pan-Janus kinase inhibitor delgocitinib cream 20 mg/g versus cream vehicle in adults with moderate to severe chronic hand eczema.

Previous research has described the criminal justice system as a “labor market institution.” In recent years, however, research on the relationship between the criminal justice system and the labor market has focused primarily on the negative impact of criminal justice involvement on an individual’s ability to find work postrelease. This article explores how workers’ exposure to the criminal justice system is related to labor organization—a labor market institution through which workers in the United States have secured benefits for themselves and that, structurally, has mitigated income inequality. Across three analyses, we find a negative relationship between exposure to the criminal justice system and involvement in labor organizations. In a fourth analysis, we find evidence that this relationship results from employers’ increased power over those so exposed. Mass incarceration may discipline low-wage workers by decreasing their likelihood of participating in organizations through which they might gain economic power individually and collectively.

This article examines the relationship between workplace collective action at a large retail employer and customers’ perceptions of service. The authors show that increases in workplace collective action, as measured by signed labor organization membership cards, are associated with lower customer ratings of service, as measured by Yelp reviews. Drawing on qualitative interviews with 80 workers, the authors discuss several possible explanations for the negative association between worker organizing and customer service, arguing that this correlation poses an underappreciated obstacle for labor organizing in the service sector.

The purpose of this review is to provide the current knowledge on antipruritic properties of IL-4/IL-13, IL-31, IL-17, and IL-23 antagonists in selected chronic skin conditions. Since pruritus is regarded as one of the most bothersome and unpleasant symptoms accompanying numerous inflammatory skin disorders, efforts are ongoing in the development of new treatment strategies capable of reducing its intensity thus improving the patients’ quality of life. Recent discoveries in targeted therapies and studies on pruritus have established that blockade of certain cytokines and/or pathways not only reduces the severity of skin involvement, but also shows a potent antipruritic activity. Considering a favorable safety profile of biologic drugs, their antipruritic properties are very promising and give a new hope for clinicians and the patients suffering from a number of itchy dermatoses. These recent findings clearly show that certain cytokines and their receptors may represent potential targets for innovative antipruritic drugs. Newer insights into the underlying pathogenesis of itch and identification of novel molecular pathways will undoubtedly promote the progress in the field of pruritus management.

The article provides a checklist that may be applied when one need to depose a nonparty in a state other than where one's case is pending, and identifies each state's relevant statutes. It cites the need to confirm if the case-management order permits one to depose the nonparty, nonresident, the need to determine if the nonparty, nonresident will consent to a deposition, and state rules for subpoening witnesses within their boundaries for discovery relating to cases pending in other states.

The “moralized markets” school within economic sociology has convincingly demonstrated variation in the relationship between economic activity and moral values. Yet this scholarship has not sufficiently explored either the causes of this variation or the consequences of this variation for organizational practice. By examining different moral-market understandings and practices in the context of a single market-based organizational field, this article highlights the contradictory character of processes of commodification, as different historically institutionalized ideas conflict, in different ways, with the market logic that increasingly organizes the field as a whole. The article examines the contradictory commodification of hospital care in three hospitals within one Northern California community.

Administration of opioids for analgesia may produce pruritus. It was believed, that this effect is mediated centrally by activation of μ-opioid receptors (MOR). However, recent data suggested that opioids may also mediate pruritus directly in the skin. A number of skin cell types, including keratinocytes, dermal mast cells, fibroblasts or macrophages, were shown to express both MOR as well as other opioid receptors. It was demonstrated, that the activation of MOR in the skin elicited pruritus, while activation of cutaneous µ- opioid receptors had anti-pruritic effect. Moreover, activation of opioid receptors in the skin modulated not only pruritus, but also inflammatory response. Taking these observations into consideration it could be suggested, that substances acting solely on peripheral opioid receptors could be potent anti-pruritic or even anti-inflammatory drugs, but devoided of typical side effects related to the activation of central opioid system.

Introduction: CPX-351 (US: Vyxeos ®; Europe: Vyxeos ® Liposomal) is a dual-drug liposomal encapsulation of daunorubicin and cytarabine in a synergistic 1:5 molar ratio. Since November 2018, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) has recommended its use for adults with newly diagnosed, therapy-related AML (t-AML) or AML with myelodysplasia-related changes (AML-MRC) due to either prior myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS)/chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML) or de novoAML with myelodysplasia-related cytogenetic changes. The key aims of this study were to utilize the Cancer Analysis System (CAS) database available through the National Cancer Registration and Analysis Service (NCRAS) to describe the demographics and clinical characteristics of adults with AML in England who have received CPX-351, as well as to estimate overall survival (OS) and survival within stratifications of interest.

The article discusses the importance of electronic discovery of evidence as cited by U.S. Department of Justice Director of E-Discovery Allison C. Stanton. Topics included are the recommendation for litigants to issue requests for information to providers of electronically stored information support such as Evolve Discovery, the obligation of clients under investigation to observe document-preservation notices, and the guidance offered by the Model Second Request document.

Over the past five decades, marriage has changed dramatically, as young people began marrying later or never getting married at all. Scholars have shown how this decline is less a result of changing cultural definitions of marriage, and more a result of men’s changing access to social and economic prerequisites for marriage. Specifically, men’s current economic standing and men’s future economic security have been shown to affect their marriageability. Traditionally, labor unions provided economic standing and security to male workers. Yet during the same period that marriage has declined among young people, membership in labor unions has declined precipitously, particularly for men. In this article, we examine the relationship between union membership and first marriage and discuss the possible mechanisms by which union membership might lead to first marriage. We draw on longitudinal data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-79 to estimate discrete time event-history models of first marriage entry and find that, controlling for many factors, union membership is positively and significantly associated with marriage. We show then that this relationship is largely explained by the increased income, regularity and stability of employment, and fringe benefits that come with union membership.

Lichen planus (LP) is an inflammatory mucocutaneous disease, showing a wide variety of clinical subtypes. The classic presentation of LP involves the appearance of polygonal, flat-topped, violaceous papules and plaques with reticulated white lines, termed “Wickham's striae”. Cutaneous lesions tend to be extremely pruritic, and this symptom does not subside after common antipruritic treatment. Moreover, based on our previous pilot study, it could be stated, that itch is the most unpleasant and bothersome symptom of LP for majority of patients suffering from this disease. However, the underlying mechanisms of itch in lichen planus remain still unknown. In addition, there is no study on mediators of this sensation, but taking into account pathogenesis of LP there are some possible mediators implicated to transmit or modulate itch. In pathogenesis of LP important are such mechanisms as apoptosis, autoimmune reaction, and role of stress. With these pathways some, previously described in other diseases, itch mediators such as cytokines, proteases, and opioid system are connected. Whether these mechanisms are involved in pruritus accompanying LP requires further investigation. Limited knowledge of pruritus origin in lichen planus is responsible for the lack of the effective antipruritic treatments. Here, we describe possible mechanisms participating the pathogenesis of pruritus in lichen planus.