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AbstractIn this work, the scale up of olive stone columns for water purification, based on results from the biosorption of Cr(III) onto olive stone in a fixed bed column at pilot scale, was developed. Pilot-scale experiments were carried out in a fixed bed column to test the influence of various parameters (flow rate, bed depth, and initial chromium concentration) on breakthrough curves. Mathematical relationships were developed to describe Cr(III) biosorption in fixed bed column of olive stone at pilot scale. The results were found to be consistent with the previous published results obtained from laboratory scale. The bed depth service time (BDST), the Adams–Bohart, the Thomas, the Yoon and Nelson, and the Dose–Response models were used to analyze the experimental data and the model parameters were evaluated. The BDST allowed comparison between performances of pilot- and laboratory-scale columns, and Dose–Response model showed good agreement of the experimental breakthrough curves with model predictions. The results showed that when the initial Cr(III) concentration was increased from 10 to 80 mg/L, the corresponding biosorption bed capacity increased from 0.126 to 0.262 mg/g at constant flow rate and bed depth. Also, breakthrough time varies from 30 to 220 min when the bed height increases from 21.5 to 62.0 cm at constant flow rate and initial Cr(III) concentration. Results showed that scale up multiplied by nearly 1.7 the important parameters as critical bed depth and length of unused bed (the same relation that the ratio between length/diameter of pilot-scale column and laboratory-scale column).

In this work, the scale up of olive stone columns for water purification, based on results from the biosorption of Cr(III) onto olive stone in a fixed bed column at pilot scale, was developed. Pilot-scale experiments were carried out in a fixed bed column to test the influence of various parameters (flow rate, bed depth, and initial chromium concentration) on breakthrough curves. Mathematical relationships were developed to describe Cr(III) biosorption in fixed bed column of olive stone at pilot scale. The results were found to be consistent with the previous published results obtained from laboratory scale. The bed depth service time (BDST), the Adams–Bohart, the Thomas, the Yoon and Nelson, and the Dose–Response models were used to analyze the experimental data and the model parameters were evaluated. The BDST allowed comparison between performances of pilot- and laboratory-scale columns, and Dose–Response model showed good agreement of the experimental breakthrough curves with model predictions. The results showed that when the initial Cr(III) concentration was increased from 10 to 80 mg/L, the corresponding biosorption bed capacity increased from 0.126 to 0.262 mg/g at constant flow rate and bed depth. Also, breakthrough time varies from 30 to 220 min when the bed height increases from 21.5 to 62.0 cm at constant flow rate and initial Cr(III) concentration. Results showed that scale up multiplied by nearly 1.7 the important parameters as critical bed depth and length of unused bed (the same relation that the ratio between length/diameter of pilot-scale column and laboratory-scale column).

AbstractIn this work, results of the biosorption of Cr6+and Ni2+by sugarcane bagasse in two up-flow fixed-bed columns in series have been presented. The experimental data were adjusted for several kinetic models that describe the breakthrough curve obtained for a single column and for two columns in series. The Dose–Response model is the one that better adjusts the experimental data for the studied metals with a high correlation coefficient. Although with a single column, it is possible to reduce the metal concentrations under the requirements of Cuban normative, the use of two columns in series guarantees concentration nearly to 0 for two metals. So, the percentage removal with two columns in series were 98.2 and 92.8% for Cr6+and Ni2+, respectively.

In this work, results of the biosorption of Cr6+and Ni2+by sugarcane bagasse in two up-flow fixed-bed columns in series have been presented. The experimental data were adjusted for several kinetic models that describe the breakthrough curve obtained for a single column and for two columns in series. The Dose–Response model is the one that better adjusts the experimental data for the studied metals with a high correlation coefficient. Although with a single column, it is possible to reduce the metal concentrations under the requirements of Cuban normative, the use of two columns in series guarantees concentration nearly to 0 for two metals. So, the percentage removal with two columns in series were 98.2 and 92.8% for Cr6+and Ni2+, respectively.

In this work, a waste form olive industry was characterized in terms of its physical–chemical properties, which can be useful for its use in biosorption processes or in pyrolysis units. The characterization results showed that the solid presents a good size distribution to be use as biosorbent or as fuel, although it can be improve with a milled step. The initial moisture content is very high (around 40%), being one of the main characteristics of the solid that makes its direct use as a fuel difficult. However, the low sulfur value (< 0.1%) is very suitable from the environmental point of view, reducing SO2 emissions. The results of the proximate analysis showed a high content of ashes and the gross calorific value within the range of most biomass waste, was 5100 kcal/kg.