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The article discusses strategies to manage work-induced anxiety, a common issue affecting many workers. It explains how stress triggers the body's fight-flight-freeze response, leading to physical and cognitive symptoms. The text also distinguishes between workplace anxiety and anxiety disorders, offering practical tips like the salience network hack, creating a panic pack, and using laughter or humming to reduce stress. Overall, the article emphasizes the importance of recognizing and addressing workplace anxiety to maintain mental and emotional well-being. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine in New York suggests that depression may be linked to a larger network of neurons in the brain. The study found that the so-called salience network, which is involved in attention and the ability to respond to stimuli, was twice as large in individuals with depression compared to those without the condition. However, not all individuals with depression exhibited an enlarged salience network, and more research is needed to understand the relationship between brain structure and depression. The findings could potentially help predict the risk of depression in the future, but measuring the size of the network is unlikely to be used for diagnosis due to cost and practicality. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Medical University in Bialystok, Poland, discusses the use of ketamine in treating depression due to its rapid antidepressant effects. The research highlights ketamine's mechanisms of action, including its interaction with NMDA receptors and opioid receptors, which may contribute to its therapeutic effects. Further exploration is needed to understand ketamine's safety, long-term efficacy, and the impact of genetic factors on treatment responsiveness. The study emphasizes the need for more research to fully grasp ketamine's potential in depression treatment. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the relationship between creative problem solving, memory, and insights, highlighting how insights can enhance long-term memory through the insight-as-prediction-error hypothesis. The neural basis of this Insight-Memory-Advantage (IMA) involves the hippocampus detecting prediction errors, the medial prefrontal cortex integrating and updating expectations, and neurotransmitters like dopamine and noradrenaline mediating reward and arousal. These neurobiological mechanisms have implications for educational practices and problem-solving strategies, emphasizing the importance of understanding the connection between creativity, memory, and insights. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Nanjing Brain Hospital in China explored the causal mechanisms of quadruple networks in pediatric bipolar disorder. The research focused on abnormal functional connectivity in the brain regions of children with bipolar disorder, using dynamic causal modeling to assess effective connectivity among core networks. The findings shed light on the neural mechanisms of pediatric bipolar disorder, offering insight into the condition. The study was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Boston Children's Hospital explores the connection between creativity and epilepsy, highlighting how creative thinking involves complex brain structures and networks. The study suggests that seizures originating from specific brain areas related to creativity may be considered as 'eloquent,' potentially impacting decisions regarding epilepsy surgery. This research sheds light on the neurobiological aspects of creativity and its implications for individuals with epilepsy. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study published by researchers at National University in San Diego, California, explores the relationship between brain networks and religious/spiritual experiences (RSEs). The study suggests that RSEs depend on interactions between the default mode network (DMN), the frontoparietal network (FPN), and the salience network (SN). The researchers propose a Triple Network or Tripartite Model (TPM) to explain various RSE phenomena, including ecstatic seizures and perceptions of supernatural agents. Future research is recommended to investigate neurodevelopmental mechanisms of acquired supernatural agent perceptions and societal-level effects of brain-mediated religious beliefs. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Duke University conducted a study on anhedonia, a clinical syndrome associated with significant impairment. The study focused on characterizing state-based network dynamics in adults with anhedonia, specifically examining the Salience Network, Default Mode Network, and Central Executive Network. Contrary to expectations, the study found no significant relation between the Salience Network and anhedonia severity, but did find an association between anhedonia severity and reorganization in the Default Mode Network during reward anticipation. The findings challenge the traditional view of anhedonia and suggest the importance of the Default Mode Network in understanding the condition. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital have conducted a study to identify brain targets for real-time fMRI neurofeedback in chronic pain, drawing insights from functional neurosurgery. The study aims to redefine future targets for neurofeedback informed by brain targets used in functional surgery studies. Key hubs of the salience and sensorimotor networks are highlighted as promising targets for therapeutic applications in chronic pain. The research provides valuable insights into potential treatment approaches for chronic pain management. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses how cocaine use disorder (CUD) affects functional connectivity in the brain's default mode network (DMN), salience network (SN), and central executive network (CEN). The study used machine learning classifiers to distinguish CUD subjects from healthy controls, with the SN and CEN combination showing high accuracy in identifying CUD. The findings suggest that during the binge/intoxication stage of addiction, the SN and CEN are more crucial than the DMN, supporting the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment (ANA) framework. The research highlights potential biomarkers for addiction severity based on alterations in these brain networks. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Florida explored the effects of four-week intranasal oxytocin administration on large-scale brain networks in older adults. The study found that chronic intranasal oxytocin reduced resting-state functional connectivity of certain brain regions while enhancing connectivity in others. These findings shed light on the modulatory role of intranasal oxytocin on large-scale brain networks in older adults, providing valuable insights into the potential benefits of this treatment. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Peking University Sixth Hospital in Beijing, China, focused on investigating the electroencephalogram (EEG) abnormalities in children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and its subtypes. The research found differences in EEG microstate characteristics and frequency power between children with ADHD and healthy controls, as well as variations between the ADHD subtypes. These findings suggest that EEG measurements could potentially aid in the diagnosis of ADHD and its subtypes. The study was supported by various funding sources and has been peer-reviewed for accuracy. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a study on the relationship between severe motor impairment and brain aging in chronic stroke patients. The research found that larger stroke lesions were associated with accelerated aging in the affected hemisphere and slower aging in the unaffected hemisphere, indicating compensatory neural mechanisms. Assessing regional brain age may serve as a biomarker for neuroplasticity and guide interventions to improve motor recovery post-stroke. The study highlights the complex structural and functional brain changes that occur after a stroke and their impact on motor outcomes. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the cognitive and neurophenomenological effects of long-term meditation practices, focusing on mindfulness meditation. Long-term meditators show increased cognitive-sensory integration, reduced negative affective pain perception, and enhanced decision-making skills. Neuroimaging findings suggest changes in brain activation patterns related to emotional neutrality, empathy, and altered states of consciousness. The study highlights the need for a unified research framework to further investigate advanced meditation practices and their impact on cognitive processing and self-awareness. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from the University of Coimbra in Portugal explores the relationship between error monitoring and learning mechanisms in the central nervous system. The study involved 21 healthy participants performing a challenging task while undergoing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). The findings suggest that error-related neural activity in key regions such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and anterior insula evolves with learning progress, shedding light on how these mechanisms interact. This research contributes to a better understanding of how error-related neural responses change over time in relation to learning. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the University of Michigan have conducted a study on the relationship between Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology and mild behavioral impairment (MBI) in older adults. The study found that tau pathology contributes to MBI by disrupting the salience network function in the brain. This research is the first to integrate MBI with AD biomarkers and network functionality, shedding light on the complex interplay between neuropathological changes and behavioral manifestations in individuals with AD. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Antwerp conducted a systematic review of studies on morphological and functional brain changes in patients with chronic cancer-related pain. The review found differences in specific brain regions and networks between patients with chronic cancer-related pain and pain-free cancer patients or healthy volunteers. However, the studies had low sample sizes, inconsistencies, and methodological heterogeneity, limiting the ability to draw robust conclusions. This research was supported by FWO and published in The Anatomical Record. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a study conducted by University of Michigan researchers on the behavioral changes associated with dementia, particularly focusing on the role of tau protein in disrupting the brain's salience network. The study found a correlation between tau pathology, salience network dysfunction, and the severity of behavioral symptoms in individuals with early-stage dementia. The researchers suggest further exploration of this connection and potential interventions using brain stimulation techniques. The study was funded by the National Institutes of Health's National Institute on Aging and the Cure Alzheimer's Fund. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study published in Nature has found that the size of the salience network in the brain is nearly two times larger in individuals with depression compared to those without the condition. The salience network is involved in guiding attention and remained large even as symptoms of depression fluctuated. The study also found that changes in connectivity within the salience network corresponded with worsening symptoms in individuals with depression. The findings suggest that a larger salience network may precede the development of depression and could potentially be related to early life stressors or genetics. Further research is needed to fully understand the neural components driving depression and to develop more precise therapeutic interventions. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers from Weill Cornell Medicine has found that individuals with depression have an expanded frontostriatal salience network in their brain. This expansion was stable over time and unaffected by mood changes. The study also identified connectivity changes in frontostriatal circuits that tracked fluctuations in specific symptoms and predicted future anhedonia symptoms. These findings suggest that there may be a trait-like brain network topology that confers risk for depression and that changes in frontostriatal circuits may play a role in the emergence and remission of depressive symptoms. [Extracted from the article]

A report from the University of Turin discusses the influence of the gut-brain axis on mental health and behavior. The report focuses on the potential of probiotics, live microorganisms that confer health benefits, to modulate this axis. The systematic review examines the effects of probiotics on brain activity and functioning, particularly in relation to emotional regulation and cognitive processing. The findings suggest that probiotics may have beneficial effects on the gut-brain axis and mental health, but further research is needed to confirm these effects. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study investigated the spatial dynamic functional network connectivity (dFNC) in patients with functional hemiparesis, also known as functional stroke mimics (FSM). The study aimed to assess dynamic brain states and their patterns in time and across subjects. Resting-state fMRI data was collected from 15 FSM patients and 52 healthy controls. The results showed that FSM patients had decreased dwell time in state 2 of the somatomotor network (SMN) compared to healthy controls, but spent more time in state 1 of the default mode network (DMN) and state 3 of the salience network (SN). There was also a correlation between the impaired dwell time in the SMN and measures of GABAergic neurotransmission. These findings suggest that FSM patients have altered functional brain network dynamics, which may be potential targets for future intervention strategies. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at Weill Cornell Medicine has identified a distinct pattern of neuronal interactions in the brains of individuals with depression. By using a "deep scanning" approach, the researchers found that the salience network, a group of brain regions involved in reward processing and attention, was nearly two-fold larger in individuals with depression compared to unaffected controls. The study also suggested that individuals with larger salience networks in childhood may be more likely to develop depression later in life. While further research is needed, these findings provide insight into the potential for predicting susceptibility to depression and developing novel treatments. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses a study on how the brain integrates reward and threat information to inform approach-avoidance decisions. The study involved participants making decisions under varying reward and threat prospects while undergoing functional MRI scanning. The findings revealed that subcortical integration of reward and threat information occurs prior to indicating approach-avoidance decisions, challenging theories that posit separate subcortical processing before cortical integration. The study sheds light on the temporal dynamics of approach-avoidance decision-making and highlights the role of subcortical integration in balancing approach and avoidance. However, it is important to note that this study has not yet undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the Catholic University of Korea explores the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), a precursor to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The study investigates the role of individual genetic and biological factors, such as amyloid-beta deposition, APOE e4 allele, BDNF Val66Met polymorphism, and sex, in the efficacy of tDCS treatment. The findings suggest that tailoring interventions based on these individual profiles may optimize treatment outcomes in the early stages of AD. The study emphasizes the importance of precision medicine in tDCS applications for MCI. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center explores empathy-related abnormalities among women with Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD). The study involved 32 women with PMDD and 20 healthy controls, and used clinical and functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine affective and cognitive empathy during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. The findings suggest that individuals with PMDD exhibit enhanced affective empathy and reduced cognitive empathy, similar to those with major depression. These results align with clinical observations of dysregulated emotional responses to negative stimuli in women with PMDD. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study published in Nature has found that individuals with depression have a significantly larger brain network involved in reward processing and attention to stimuli. This expansion in the frontostriatal salience network was found to be stable over time and unaffected by changes in mood. The study also discovered that this enlarged network could be detected in children before the onset of depression symptoms, suggesting it may serve as a biomarker for depression risk. The findings could potentially aid in the prevention, early detection, and personalized treatment of depression. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on a study from the University of Pennsylvania examining the role of the brain's salience network in both pain and substance use disorders. Topics include the involvement of the salience network in detecting pain, the impact of its alterations on substance use disorders and chronic pain, and potential therapeutic approaches targeting this network to improve treatment outcomes.

A recent study conducted by researchers at Peking University in Shenzhen, China, has found that benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS) may lead to cognitive decline when compounded by Electrical Status Epilepticus during Sleep (ESES). The study utilized advanced neuroimaging and neuropsychological assessments to investigate the dynamic functional connectivity (dFC) within the Salience Network (SN) and its correlation with cognitive impairments in BECTS-ESES. The findings suggest that disruptions in the SN contribute significantly to the cognitive deficits observed in BECTS-ESES, and highlight the importance of targeted cognitive-specific interventions in managing this condition. Further studies are needed to substantiate these associations and inform prognosis and therapeutic strategies in pediatric neurology and epilepsy management. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at McLean Hospital in Belmont, Massachusetts explored the relationship between menstrual pain and brain connectivity in adolescent girls. The study found that menstrual pain severity was positively associated with functional connectivity between certain brain networks involved in pain processing. Additionally, menstrual pain interference was positively associated with connectivity between these networks and other brain regions. The findings suggest that alterations in pain processing may exist in adolescents with varying levels of menstrual pain. Further research is needed to better understand these associations. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Medicine and Pharmacy in Iasi, Romania, explored the effects of antiepileptic drugs on the salience network regions in patients with epilepsy who experience generalized tonic-clonic seizures alone (EGTCSa). The study involved a retrospective observational case-control analysis of 40 patients with EGTCSa and 40 healthy age-matched controls. The findings revealed significant differences in brain regions among patients treated with valproic acid and carbamazepine compared to the control group, while fewer differences were observed in patients treated with levetiracetam. The study suggests that antiseizure medications can impact cognitive processes and provides new insights into the neural mechanisms underlying their effects. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from medrxiv.org discusses the relationship between mild behavioral impairment (MBI), brain function, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers. The study used data from 128 participants with amnestic mild cognitive impairment and mild dementia - Alzheimer's type. The researchers found that there was a mediated effect of tau positivity on MBI through functional segregation of the salience network from other high-level association networks. These findings suggest that tau pathology indirectly affects MBI through brain network dysfunction, highlighting the role of the salience network in mediating the relationship between neuropathological changes and behavioral manifestations. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract discusses a study on how the brain integrates reward and threat information to inform approach-avoidance decisions. The study involved participants making decisions under varying reward and threat prospects while undergoing functional MRI scanning. The findings suggest that subcortical integration of reward and threat information occurs prior to indicating approach-avoidance decisions, challenging theories that propose separate subcortical processing before cortical integration. The study sheds light on the temporal dynamics of approach-avoidance decision-making and highlights the role of subcortical regions such as the ventral striatum, thalamus, and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis in balancing approach and avoidance. [Extracted from the article]

A preprint abstract from biorxiv.org discusses the role of thalamocortical connectivity in the development of large-scale functional brain networks during infancy, childhood, and young adulthood. The study found that thalamocortical connectivity in infancy is associated with the differentiation of sensorimotor networks and genetically-influenced axonal projection. However, during childhood, the thalamus establishes connectivity with the salience network and decouples externally- and internally-oriented functional processes. The study suggests that the thalamus plays a shifting role in orchestrating complex brain organization and may have implications for developmental conditions related to compromised internal and external processing. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the University of California Irvine explored the neurobiological alterations associated with fetal exposure to maternal mood dysregulation. The researchers hypothesized that fetal exposure to entropy, a measure of dysregulated maternal mood, would affect the integrity of the salience network involved in emotional processing. The study involved 138 child-mother pairs, and the results showed that prenatal maternal mood entropy, but not mood level, was associated with weakened and inflexible salience network integrity in adolescence. These findings suggest that fetal exposure to maternal mood dysregulation may have long-lasting implications for offspring brain development. [Extracted from the article]

A new report from Semmelweis University in Budapest, Hungary discusses the relationship between disorders of arousal and sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy. The research suggests that these conditions may share common genetic roots, despite having different known mutations. The study found that both conditions involve activation of certain regions of the brain, such as the anterior cingulate, anterior insular, and prefrontal cortices, which are associated with fear and emotion processing. The researchers propose that these conditions may be acute stress responses triggered by false alarms during sleep. This hypothesis has not yet been studied. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai have conducted a study on the effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on treatment-resistant depression (TRD). The study found that DBS had differential effects on the brain's intrinsic connectivity networks (ICNs) over a period of 6 months. Specifically, DBS led to decreased activity in the salience network (SN) and the default mode network (DMN) immediately after surgery, but responders and non-responders diverged thereafter, with responders showing a net increase in DMN activity. These findings provide new evidence of acute and ongoing effects of DBS on the DMN, which may serve as biomarkers for tracking clinical improvement. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report discusses research on sleep deprivation and its effects on cognitive, emotional, and behavioral problems, particularly in individuals with fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). The study used a mouse model of perinatal ethanol exposure to investigate the impact of reduced sleep pressure on impaired non-REM (NREM) sleep. The researchers also examined the function of the Salience network, a brain network affected by insomnia, in ethanol-exposed mice. The results showed that developmental ethanol exposure severely impairs normal rebound NREM sleep and sleep deprivation-induced increases in slow-wave activity. Additionally, the Salience network in ethanol-exposed mice exhibited similarities to the sleep-deprived, saline control mice, suggesting a sleep deprivation-like state of Salience network function even without sleep deprivation. [Extracted from the article]

Two ASD subtypes were revealed, where the synergy of SN in ASD subtype 1 has lower stability and periodicity compared to the TC, and ASD subtype 2 exhibits the opposite alteration. Synergy of SN for ASD subtype 1 and 2 was found to predict the severity of communication impairments and restricted and repetitive behaviors in ASD, respectively." Keywords: Qinhuangdao; People's Republic of China; Asia; Autism; Autism Spectrum Disorders; Developmental Disabilities; Developmental Diseases and Conditions; Health and Medicine; Mental Health; Neurology; Pediatrics EN Qinhuangdao People's Republic of China Asia Autism Autism Spectrum Disorders Developmental Disabilities Developmental Diseases and Conditions Health and Medicine Mental Health Neurology Pediatrics 614 614 1 10/24/23 20231027 NES 231027 2023 OCT 28 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pediatrics Week -- New research on Developmental Diseases and Conditions - Autism Spectrum Disorders is the subject of a report. [Extracted from the article]

Blacksburg, State:Virginia, United States, North and Central America, Cognitive Neuroscience, Brain, Brain Research, Brain Stem, Central Nervous System, Health and Medicine, Locus Coeruleus, Mesencephalon, Pons, Rhombencephalon Keywords: Blacksburg; State:Virginia; United States; North and Central America; Cognitive Neuroscience; Brain; Brain Research; Brain Stem; Central Nervous System; Health and Medicine; Locus Coeruleus; Mesencephalon; Pons; Rhombencephalon EN Blacksburg State:Virginia United States North and Central America Cognitive Neuroscience Brain Brain Research Brain Stem Central Nervous System Health and Medicine Locus Coeruleus Mesencephalon Pons Rhombencephalon 2197 2197 1 10/16/23 20231020 NES 231020 2023 OCT 20 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- Investigators publish new report on Health and Medicine - Cognitive Neuroscience. [Extracted from the article]

ResultsDecreased functional connectivity was found between the thalamus, both ipsilateral and contralateral to the headache side, and the SN during headache remission state in both right-sided CH patients and left-sided CH patients. Keywords: Philadelphia; State:Pennsylvania; United States; North and Central America; Brain; Brain Diseases and Conditions; Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Cluster Headache; Diencephalon; Headache; Headache Disorders; Health and Medicine; Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Neurologic Manifestations; Neurology; Pain; Primary Headache Diseases and Conditions; Thalamus; Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias EN Philadelphia State:Pennsylvania United States North and Central America Brain Brain Diseases and Conditions Central Nervous System Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Cluster Headache Diencephalon Headache Headache Disorders Health and Medicine Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Neurologic Manifestations Neurology Pain Primary Headache Diseases and Conditions Thalamus Trigeminal Autonomic Cephalalgias 974 974 1 09/11/23 20230915 NES 230915 2023 SEP 11 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- Current study results on Primary Headache Diseases and Conditions - Cluster Headache have been published. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Addiction Neuroscience; Addiction Research EN Addiction Neuroscience Addiction Research 478 478 1 09/11/23 20230915 NES 230915 2023 SEP 11 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- Investigators discuss new findings in addiction neuroscience. Keywords for this news article include: Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, North and Central America, Addiction Research, Addiction Neuroscience. [Extracted from the article]

Although TLE patients demonstrated vigilance abnormali- ties, baseline FC perturbations between the arousal and salience networks are unlikely to be driven solely by alertness level, and some may improve after surgery." Keywords: Nashville; State:Tennessee; United States; North and Central America; Brain Diseases and Conditions; Brain Research; Central Nervous System; Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions; Cerebral Cortex; Epilepsy; Health and Medicine; Prosencephalon; Telencephalon; Temporal Lobe; Temporal Lobe Epilepsy EN Nashville State:Tennessee United States North and Central America Brain Diseases and Conditions Brain Research Central Nervous System Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions Cerebral Cortex Epilepsy Health and Medicine Prosencephalon Telencephalon Temporal Lobe Temporal Lobe Epilepsy 591 591 1 06/26/23 20230630 NES 230630 2023 JUL 2 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Pain & Central Nervous System Week -- Fresh data on Central Nervous System Diseases and Conditions - Temporal Lobe Epilepsy are presented in a new report. [Extracted from the article]