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The study presents a daily water balance model with a focus on quantifying drought intensity and duration in different forest stands within the Level II monitoring sites in Saxony. The model requires climatic data input and various site and stand parameters, which mostly have physical meaning and can be measured. We estimated the van Genuchten soil parameters of the model by different pedotransfer functions. Water stress is assumed to occur when the relative extractable soil water (REW) or the ratio of real transpiration and potential transpiration or pressure head drops below a certain threshold. The model was not calibrated to test the robustness of physically based parameters but was validated with available soil moisture measurements at forest climate stations (grass vegetation) and inventory locations in various vegetation and climatic conditions with Kling-Gupta efficiencies > 0.5 at most of the sites. The model captures the dynamics of soil water depletion and recharge in a study period well. Day-to-day estimates of water balance components allow us to calculate the duration and intensity of drought events and derive stress indices. A dendro-ecological application is presented: a retrospective analysis of the effects of drought on radial tree growth. Some limitations and potential of applications of the model are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the role of bacteriophages in driving bacterial densities and microbial community composition. The study examines the coevolution of three pairs of soil bacteria and bacteriophages over eight weeks, both in isolation and as a mixed community. The results show limited coevolution, with two phages going extinct and one bacterium increasing in density following phage extinction. The study also demonstrates that resistance to lytic phages can improve host densities, which has implications for ecology and phage therapy. However, it is important to note that this preprint has not been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

A research study conducted at Shiraz University in Iran investigated the effects of different irrigation levels and planting methods on the growth, yield, and water use of quinoa crops. The study found that using 75% of the water requirement and an in-furrow planting method resulted in the highest grain yield, shoot and root dry matter, and water productivity. These findings suggest that this combination of water and planting management strategies could be effective in addressing water scarcity and promoting food sustainability. The researchers recommend further investigation into soil management practices to improve yield and irrigation water efficiency. [Extracted from the article]

Nutrient loss from the weathering process is a major challenge for tropical agriculture. Biochar with nutrient retention capacity has been proposed as an amendment to retain plant-available nutrients. Meanwhile, information on diazotrophic population responses to biochar application in the humid tropics is still poorly explored. A field study was carried out over three cropping cycles of maize in a typic paleudults of Peninsular Malaysia. During the first cropping cycle, the soil was amended with palm kernel shell biochar (PK), rice husk biochar (RH), palm kernel biochar with fertilizer (FPK), rice husk biochar with fertilizer (FRH), fertilizer (F), and control soil (C). Soil samples were taken at each harvesting stage and analyzed for pH, cation exchange capacity (CEC), total N, ammonium (NH4+–N), nitrate (NO3––N), microbial biomass N, and urease activity. Total and active diazotrophs were quantified from soil DNA and RNA, respectively, employing quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) amplification of the nifH gene. Palm kernel shell and rice husk biochars maintained a significant NH4+–N and NO3––N, respectively, during the second cropping cycle. Both biochars promote the total and active diazotrophic population. A detrimental impact on the nifH transcript was detected from fertilization even when biochar was co-amended. Two possible land management options for tropical soil were proposed from the overall data. First, the application of fertilizer with biochar can reduce N loss against weathering. Second, the application of biochar alone may improve biological N2 fixation in tropical soils. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent report from the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory discusses new research on bacterial infections and mycoses. The study focuses on the abundance of bacteriophages in soils and their interactions with hosts. The researchers used high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) to directly capture phage-host relationships and found that phage infections have a significant impact on soil bacterial community interactions. The study provides empirical evidence of phage-mediated bacterial population dynamics in soil. For more information, the full article can be accessed through Nature Communications. [Extracted from the article]

This paper proposes a method for two-dimensional (2D) nonlinear inversion of bedrock earthquake motion from the surface motion of a layered half-space. The exact dynamic-stiffness matrices of soil layer and half-space are used for the inversion of bedrock motion and incident angle from both the surface horizontal motion and vertical motion, and the equivalent linearization approach is used to consider the nonlinearity of the soil layers. The method of inversion is verified by an example of obliquely incident El Centro Earthquake record at bedrock. It is shown that, the bedrock motion and incident angle can be accurately inversed from both the horizontal motion and vertical motion. The one-dimensional (1D) traditional inversion of bedrock horizontal motion from only surface horizontal motion in literatures may cause large error due to ignoring wave mode conversion, because there is vertical motion accompanying two surface horizontal motions in real earthquake records anyway. The error in 1D inversion depends on the ratio of surface vertical motion to horizontal motion, and the larger the surface vertical motion, the larger the error. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Direct Boundary Element implementation was accelerated by using General Purpose Graphics Processing Units (GPGPUs) to improve the performance in analysis of soil vibration isolation with trenches. The Boundary Element formulation is based on the 3D full space stationary fundamental (visco)elastic solutions. In this stationary Dynamic Soil-Structure Interaction (DSSI) problem, the soil is externally excited generating a propagation wave field. This resulting field induces vibrations on structures in the surrounding soil. Aiming to reduce the time required to calculate the vibration soil behavior, a code was developed with CUDA C++ and OpenMP to explore the capabilities provided by GPUs and multi-core CPUs. The performance analysis is conducted by comparing codes in two modes: one uses exclusively CPU and the other is GPU-accelerated. The implementation presents the vibration reduction as well as comparisons of computation time and speedup for two groups of CPU and GPU. The speedup ratios range from 8 to 60 comparing to the sequential version. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The dynamic model for distributed formation control of double-integrator fractional-order multi-agent systems is established. • The formation control protocol for distributed formation control of double-integrator fractional-order multi-agent systems is proposed. • Two delay margins are derived to achieve distributed formation control of double-integrator fractional-order multi-agent systems with relative damping and nonuniform time-delays. • Two numerical simulation results are given to demonstrate the validity of our theoretical analysis. In this paper, distributed formation control problems are studied for double-integrator fractional-order multi-agent systems (DIFOMASs) with relative damping and nonuniform time-delays. The required state deviations of a group of multi-agent systems are achieved through a local state information interaction, which means that this group of multi-agent systems achieves formation control. In the context of this paper, the dynamic model is first established and the formation control protocol is designed for distributed formation control of DIFOMASs with relative damping under symmetric time-delays and asymmetric time-delays. Then, some sufficient conditions for achieving distributed formation control of DIFOMASs are acquired with the help of graph theory, matrix theory, stability theory and frequency-domain theory. In the end, two simulation examples are performed to verify the efficacy of our proposed method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Keywords: Saale; Germany; Europe; Sustainability Research; Sustainable Food and Agriculture EN Saale Germany Europe Sustainability Research Sustainable Food and Agriculture 312 312 1 10/30/23 20231102 NES 231102 2023 NOV 2 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Food Weekly News -- Current study results on Sustainability Research - Sustainable Food and Agriculture have been published. Saale, Germany, Europe, Sustainability Research, Sustainable Food and Agriculture. [Extracted from the article]

Zinc concentrations were highest near mining areas, and Pb and Cd levels surpassed the legal limits near beehives producing acacia honey. Keywords: Food Research EN Food Research 279 279 1 10/30/23 20231102 NES 231102 2023 NOV 2 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Food Weekly News -- New research on food research is the subject of a new report. [Extracted from the article]

Keywords: Glen Osmond; Australia; Australia and New Zealand; Food and Farming; Food; Herbicides; Vineyards EN Glen Osmond Australia Australia and New Zealand Food and Farming Food Herbicides Vineyards 186 186 1 10/16/23 20231019 NES 231019 2023 OCT 19 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Food Weekly News -- New research on Food and Farming is the subject of a report. Glen Osmond, Australia, Australia and New Zealand, Food and Farming, Food, Herbicides, Vineyards. [Extracted from the article]

The news editors obtained a quote from the research from Gyeongsang National University: "Consequently, N fertilization is seen as a promising tool for enhancing ecosystem-level C sequestration in N-limited forests. Keywords: Nitrogen EN Nitrogen 5961 5961 1 04/03/23 20230407 NES 230407 2023 APR 7 (NewsRx) -- By a News Reporter-Staff News Editor at Health & Medicine Week -- New study results on nitrogen have been published. NPK fertilization increased the rate of N immobilization and 80% of the added N was recovered from mineral soil in the 0-5 cm layer, suggesting that relatively little of the added N was available to trees.". [Extracted from the article]

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service, Auburn University's College of Agriculture and the Auburn Research Technology Foundation hosted a groundbreaking ceremony Nov. 28 for its new research facility housing the National Soil Dynamics Laboratory. "With these new buildings and the continuing cooperation with our research partners at Auburn University, we believe that the National Soil Dynamics Laboratory will continue to have a substantial positive impact on agriculture all over the world", said Simon Liu, ARS acting administrator. This new research facility will include two new buildings at Auburn University's Research Park and two additional buildings at a second site near the university's campus. [Extracted from the article]

"With these new buildings and the continuing cooperation with our research partners at Auburn University, we believe that the National Soil Dynamics Laboratory will continue to have a substantial positive impact on agriculture all over the world", said Simon Liu, ARS acting administrator. This new research facility will include two new buildings at Auburn University's Research Park and two additional buildings at a second site near the university's campus. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service, Auburn University's College of Agriculture and the Auburn Research Technology Foundation hosted a groundbreaking ceremony Nov. 28 for its new research facility housing the National Soil Dynamics Laboratory. [Extracted from the article]

The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service, Auburn University's College of Agriculture and the Auburn Research Technology Foundation hosted a groundbreaking ceremony Nov. 28 for its new research facility housing the National Soil Dynamics Laboratory. "With these new buildings and the continuing cooperation with our research partners at Auburn University, we believe that the National Soil Dynamics Laboratory will continue to have a substantial positive impact on agriculture all over the world", said Simon Liu, ARS acting administrator. This new research facility will include two new buildings at Auburn University's Research Park and two additional buildings at a second site near the university's campus. [Extracted from the article]

This new research facility will include two new buildings at Auburn University's Research Park and two additional buildings at a second site near the university's campus. "With these new buildings and the continuing cooperation with our research partners at Auburn University, we believe that the National Soil Dynamics Laboratory will continue to have a substantial positive impact on agriculture all over the world", said Simon Liu, ARS acting administrator. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service, Auburn University's College of Agriculture and the Auburn Research Technology Foundation hosted a groundbreaking ceremony Nov. 28 for its new research facility housing the National Soil Dynamics Laboratory. [Extracted from the article]

This new research facility will include two new buildings at Auburn University's Research Park and two additional buildings at a second site near the university's campus. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Agricultural Research Service, Auburn University's College of Agriculture and the Auburn Research Technology Foundation hosted a groundbreaking ceremony Nov. 28 for its new research facility housing the National Soil Dynamics Laboratory. "With these new buildings and the continuing cooperation with our research partners at Auburn University, we believe that the National Soil Dynamics Laboratory will continue to have a substantial positive impact on agriculture all over the world", said Simon Liu, ARS acting administrator. [Extracted from the article]

Abstract: The resonant column (RC) and cyclic triaxial (CT) devices are commonly used for the measurement of soils’ dynamic properties. The results of these tests do not agree when extrapolated to similar strain levels. The main objectives of this paper are to evaluate the effect of excitation frequency on the dynamic properties of soils, and to provide a methodology to reconcile shear modulus values obtained from RC and CT tests. The effect of frequency on the dynamic properties is evaluated using the new non-resonance (NR) method in the RC device and CT tests. Sand specimens with varying percentages of bentonite–water mixture and a clay specimen are tested. The results obtained from RC tests utilizing the NR method indicate significant change in shear modulus with frequency. The extrapolation of shear modulus from the conventional RC results to shear strains used in CT is significantly overestimated. The extrapolations improved when the results were corrected for frequency effect inferred from the NR method. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on the cause and effect of mass movement events at the Jurassic coast in England. It states that mass movements are the downhill movement of soil and rock due to gravity, and often in the presence of water. It notes that a major mass movement and a landslide happened at the coast in the winter of 2000-2001, and a cliff fall some 300 meters long occurred on May 6, 2009. Household owners along the coast and the local government are the worst affected during such events.

Abstract: A simplified model for the analysis of the dynamic response of structures on piles and pile groups under time harmonic excitation is presented in this paper. It is a coupled boundary element–finite element model able to take into account dynamic pile–soil–pile interaction in a rigorous manner. Piles and pile groups in viscoelastic or poroelastic soils are considered. Two-node cylindrical boundary elements are used to represent the interface between soil and pile. These elements are connected to beam-type finite elements representing the concrete pile which can be connected to a pile cap and to any superstructure modeled by beam elements. The model is rather simple: two-node beam elements along the pile are directly connected to the BE nodes along the soil hole, and the uppermost node to the soil surface and to the FE nodes of any superstructure. Thus, large structures founded on piles in viscoelastic or poroelastic soils can be represented using a reasonable number of unknowns. In order to validate the procedure, single piles and pile groups in viscoelastic and poroelastic soils are analyzed. The obtained results are compared with those obtained by other authors using more complex or less general approaches. There is a good agreement between the present results and those reported in the literature. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article focuses on soil and its role as the foundation of the garden ecosystem. Attention is paid to the role of soils for plants, nutrients dissolved in the water, decomposers, fungi, actinomycetes, nematodes, springtails, Porcellio, Oniscus, woodlice, carabid beetles, centipedes, and lycosids. Moles, birds, and the fact that healthy plants depend on healthy soil are also mentioned. INSETS: KNOWING EARTHWORMS;COMPOST HEAPS.

A procedure is presented that utilizes the backfill properties of soil friction angle and constant of horizontal subgrade reaction along with posthole dimension diameter and post dimensions to determine the pressure exerted by a post on the undisturbed soil around the posthole. The combined backfill and undisturbed soil stiffness is also derived using the added undisturbed soil property of constant of horizontal subgrade reaction. Design engineers may use the procedure to properly size postholes and posts and select backfill material so that the undisturbed soil will not be overstressed. The combined backfill-undisturbed soil stiffness allows more accurate prediction of frame stiffness in post-frame buildings, estimation of inflection points on posts, and estimation of building cave deflections. In general, a better understanding of post-frame building behavior results from the use of the procedures presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Control of stormwater runoff and soil erosion on highway construction sites is a concern for state departments of transportation and municipalities. Composted organics are viewed as an alternative approach to improve construction site soils and to reduce runoff and soil erosion. The objective of this study is to evaluate the use of blanket-applied composted organics on rill erosion as compared to soils. Rill erosion was measured on three composted organics applied at 5 and 10 cm depths, a topsoil treatment (15 cm application), and the existing soil (control) on a highway embankment with a three-to-one sideslope (33%). Treatments were tested using rainfall simulation at a target rate of 100 mm/h and simultaneously adding five inflows at the top of the rill on both vegetated and unvegetated plots. Rill erosion on blanket-applied compost treatments was measured, and the usefulness of the shear stress model for predicting rill erosion on compost-treated areas was assessed. Rill erodibilities and critical shear values were calculated for all treatments using the shear stress model that was originally developed for soil. Rill erodibilities were higher on topsoil-treated plots than on control and compost-treated areas. Yard waste had significantly' lower rill erodibility than all other compost and soil treatments. There were no significant differences between critical shear values for the composts and soil. Yard waste compost exhibited greater resistance to rill formation than the biosolids and bio-industrial composts or the two soils. Low R² values for compost erodibility and critical shear suggest that the shear stress model used in this analysis is not well suited for use with composted organics. Detachment caused by flotation of low-density particles, and bridging caused by coarse particles lodging farther down the slope, are believed to be two rill erosion mechanisms in compost that the shear stress model does not adequately address. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ASAE standardized tool to detect the depth and strength of compaction layers in the field is the cone penetrometer Since this method is point-to-point, researchers have experimented with on-the-fly alternatives that can be used as, or in combination with, a standard tillage tool. On-the-fly compaction layer sensing also enables adaptive tillage, where the soil is only tilled as deep as necessary, which can lead to significant energy savings and erosion reduction. Wedged tips, strain gauges mounted on a deflecting tine, air bubbles pushed into the soil, as well as ground-penetrating radar have been tested for this purpose. In this research, passive acoustics was used to detect the compaction layer by recording the sound of a cone being drawn through the soil. The premise was that a more compacted layer should cause higher sound levels, which might reveal the depth and strength of the compaction layer. Two experiments were conducted in the soil bins of the USDA-ARS National Soil Dynamics Laboratory in Auburn, Alabama. First, constant-depth tests (15 and 30 cm) at three compaction levels (0.72, 2.8, and 3.6 MPa) revealed the relationship of sound amplitude with depth and compaction. Second, to test the detection capability, the cone was gradually inserted in the soil, passing through an artificial compaction layer. A windowed, short-time Fourier transform (STFT) analysis showed that the compaction layer is detectable since the sound amplitude was positively related to depth and compaction levels, but only in the highest frequency range of the spectrum. This led to the conjecture that the soil-cone interface acts as a low-pass filtering mechanism, where the cutoff frequency becomes higher in the compaction layer due to a more intimate contact between sensor and soil [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses localized bifurcation modes corresponding to shear band formation and diffuse bifurcation modes corresponding to bulge formation for cylindrical soil specimen subjected to an axisymmetric load under undrained conditions. We employ the tangential-subloading surface model, which exhibits the characteristic regimes of the governing equations: elliptic, hyperbolic and parabolic. Also, conditions for shear band formation, shear band inclination, diffuse bulging formation, and the long and short wavelength limits of diffuse bulging modes are discussed in relation to material properties and their state of stress, i.e. the stress ratio and the normal-yield ratio. Tangential-plastic strain rate term is required for the analyses of shear band and diffuse bulging. The shear band and the diffuse bulging are generated in not only normal-yield but also subyield states and they are severely affected by the normal-yield ratio describing the degree of approach to the normal-yield state. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The moving point load problem in soil dynamics is analyzed in the vertical particle displacement approximation. Prior to its motion, the load is stationary. From the instant at which it is set into motion it moves, with constant speed, along a straight path on the (horizontal) planar surface of a semi-infinite elastic medium. The modified Cagniard method for solving transient wave problems is used to determine closed-form expressions for the vertical component of the particle displacement from the elastodynamic wave equation of which only the vertical component is taken into account. The relevant approximation is standard in soil dynamics. Both the cases of “subsonic” and “supersonic” surface load speeds are considered. Methods to include losses in the model are briefly discussed. The study has been initiated with a view to the application of the results to the analysis of the ground motion generated by high-speed trains traveling on a poorly consolidated soil. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

A stochastic boundary element method (SBEM) is developed in this work for evaluating the dynamic response of underground openings excited by seismically induced, horizontally polarized shear waves under steady-state conditions. The surrounding geological medium is viewed as an elastic continuum exhibiting large randomness in its mechanical properties, which implies that the wave number of the propagating signal is a function of a random variable. Suitable Green''s functions are proposed and used within the context of the SBEM formulation. More specifically, a series expansion for the Green''s functions is employed, where the basis functions are orthogonal polynomials of a random argument (polynomial chaos). These are subsequently incorporated in the SBEM formulation, which employs the usual quadratic, isoparametric line elements for modeling the surfaces of the problem in question. Finally, this formulation is used for the solution of a few problems of engineering interest involving buried cavities (tunnels). We note that the present approach departs from earlier boundary element derivations based on perturbations, which are valid for ‘small’ amounts of randomness in the elastic continuum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In particular, they cite CO2-induced increases in root:shoot ratio that is commonly observed in CO2 enrichment studies, which tends to enhance fine root production in the soils. What is more, the enhanced STN observed may have I further i increased the CO2-induced stimulation of belowground root production and/or slowed down microbial respiration (i.e. reduced SOC decomposition), either of which processes could help explain the increased SOC stocks observed here. A study over 33 years shows that carbon and nitrogen stocks in a subtropical soil are increasing under native vegetation in a changing climate. [Extracted from the article]

In commenting on these observations Koyama I et al i . say the highest SOC and total N contents were "most evident under dominant shrubs, suggesting greater C and N input resulting from shrub growth stimulated by elevated CO2." And because of the corresponding CO2-induced increase in total soil N, which "sustained net N supply", Koyama I et al i . conclude that "N limitation for vascular plants is less likely to occur under elevated CO2." At the end of the ten-year CO2 enrichment period the authors collected and analyzed soil samples for organic carbon and total nitrogen contents. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the significance of healthy soil in achieving higher crop yield. It states that a ratio of 60% water and 40% air in soil's macropores produces optimal conditions for plant roots and microorganisms that help plants thrive. It indicates that healthier soil will improve soil structure which can create the opportunity for healthier and more resilient crops.

With hundreds and often thousands of acres under their control, farmers need good management tools to know what is going on in each field, and to manage the many variables that affect crop production. By providing farmers a real-time look at their soil-crop system, farmers can make predictions for their own farm about where an adjustment may need to be made. "We compiled the best validation data set ever, which included time-series measurements of soil nitrogen, root depth, depth to water table, crop nitrogen uptake and crop staging, in addition to yields", he says. [Extracted from the article]

With hundreds and often thousands of acres under their control, farmers need good management tools to know what is going on in each field, and to manage the many variables that affect crop production. By providing farmers a real-time look at their soil-crop system, farmers can make predictions for their own farm about where an adjustment may need to be made. "We compiled the best validation data set ever, which included time-series measurements of soil nitrogen, root depth, depth to water table, crop nitrogen uptake and crop staging, in addition to yields", he says. [Extracted from the article]

With hundreds and often thousands of acres under their control, farmers need good management tools to know what is going on in each field, and to manage the many variables that affect crop production. By providing farmers a real-time look at their soil-crop system, farmers can make predictions for their own farm about where an adjustment may need to be made. "We compiled the best validation data set ever, which included time-series measurements of soil nitrogen, root depth, depth to water table, crop nitrogen uptake and crop staging, in addition to yields", he says. [Extracted from the article]

With hundreds and often thousands of acres under their control, farmers need good management tools to know what is going on in each field, and to manage the many variables that affect crop production. By providing farmers a real-time look at their soil-crop system, farmers can make predictions for their own farm about where an adjustment may need to be made. "We compiled the best validation data set ever, which included time-series measurements of soil nitrogen, root depth, depth to water table, crop nitrogen uptake and crop staging, in addition to yields", he says. [Extracted from the article]

With hundreds and often thousands of acres under their control, farmers need good management tools to know what is going on in each field, and to manage the many variables that affect crop production. By providing farmers a real-time look at their soil-crop system, farmers can make predictions for their own farm about where an adjustment may need to be made. "We compiled the best validation data set ever, which included time-series measurements of soil nitrogen, root depth, depth to water table, crop nitrogen uptake and crop staging, in addition to yields", he says. [Extracted from the article]

Various filigreed patterns of stone circles, polygons, stripes and labyrinths are seen in arctic soils, but researchers have never been able to account for the full panoply of shapes. Mark A. Kessler of the University of California at Santa Cruz and Brad Werner of the University of California at San Diego have used a computer model to determine that the rhythm of freeze-thaw cycles produces two main mechanisms that generate any stone pattern. In lateral sorting, freezing soil expands as small, lens-shaped frost crystals form parallel to the stone-soil boundary. The expansion exaggerates the existing soil shape. Daniel H. Mann of the University of Alaska-Fairbanks says the result suggests that some geological shapes are not simply by-products of the microscopic physics of dirt but obey higher-order rules, such as sorting and squeezing, that operate on a range of timescales and size scales.

After last year's torrential rains and this year's wet spring, this fall's dry spell is offering an opportunity for farmers to alleviate soil compaction by subsoiling. After subsoiling, plant cover crops to increase root mass in the surface and subsoil, and rotate crops with different root architectures such as tap-rooted and fibrous-rooted crops. [Extracted from the article]

After last year's torrential rains and this year's wet spring, this fall's dry spell is offering an opportunity for farmers to alleviate soil compaction by subsoiling. After subsoiling, plant cover crops to increase root mass in the surface and subsoil, and rotate crops with different root architectures such as tap-rooted and fibrous-rooted crops. [Extracted from the article]

After last year's torrential rains and this year's wet spring, this fall's dry spell is offering an opportunity for farmers to alleviate soil compaction by subsoiling. After subsoiling, plant cover crops to increase root mass in the surface and subsoil, and rotate crops with different root architectures such as tap-rooted and fibrous-rooted crops. [Extracted from the article]

After last year's torrential rains and this year's wet spring, this fall's dry spell is offering an opportunity for farmers to alleviate soil compaction by subsoiling. After subsoiling, plant cover crops to increase root mass in the surface and subsoil, and rotate crops with different root architectures such as tap-rooted and fibrous-rooted crops. [Extracted from the article]

After last year's torrential rains and this year's wet spring, this fall's dry spell is offering an opportunity for farmers to alleviate soil compaction by subsoiling. After subsoiling, plant cover crops to increase root mass in the surface and subsoil, and rotate crops with different root architectures such as tap-rooted and fibrous-rooted crops. [Extracted from the article]