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As part of our ongoing efforts to discover novel agricultural fungicidal candidates from natural sesquiterpene lactones, in the present work, sixty-three xanthatin-based derivatives containing a arylpyrazole, arylimine, thio-acylamino, oxime, oxime ether, or oxime ester moiety were synthesized. Their structures were well characterized by 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance and high-resolution mass spectrometry, while the absolute configurations of compounds 5′and 6awere further determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Meanwhile, the antifungal activities of the prepared compounds against several phytopathogenic fungi were investigated using the spore germination method and the mycelium growth rate method in vitro. The bioassay results illustrated that compounds 5, 5′, and 15exhibited excellent inhibitory activity against the tested fungal spores and displayed remarkable inhibitory effects on fungal mycelia. Compounds 5and 5′exhibited more potent inhibitory activity (IC50= 1.1 and 24.8 μg/mL, respectively) against the spore of Botrytis cinereathan their precursor xanthatin (IC50= 37.6 μg/mL), wherein the antifungal activity of compound 5was 34-fold higher than that of xanthatin and 71-fold higher than that of the positive control, difenoconazole (IC50= 78.5 μg/mL). Notably, compound 6′aalso demonstrated broad-spectrum inhibitory activity against the four tested fungal spores. Meanwhile, compounds 2, 5, 8, and 15showed prominent inhibitory activity against the mycelia of Cytospora mandshuricawith the EC50values of 2.3, 11.7, 11.1, and 3.0 μg/mL, respectively, whereas the EC50value of xanthatin was 14.8 μg/mL. Additionally, compounds 5′and 15exhibited good in vivotherapeutic and protective effects against B. cinereawith values of 55.4 and 62.8%, respectively. The preliminary structure–activity relationship analysis revealed that the introduction of oxime, oxime ether, or oxime ester structural fragment at the C-4 position of xanthatin or the introduction of a chlorine atom at the C-3 position of xanthatin might be significantly beneficial to antifungal activity. In conclusion, the comprehensive investigation indicated that partial xanthatin-based derivatives from this study could be considered for further exploration as potential lead structures toward developing novel fungicidal candidates for crop protection.

The increasing demand for high-purity rare earths and their compounds promoted the separation technology of rare earths. In this work, the mixtures of sec-nonylphenoxy acetic acid (CA100) and alkylated phosphine oxides (Cyanex923 and Cyanex925) were used as extractants instead of single CA100 for high-efficiency extraction of rare earths from chloride medium. Compared with single CA100 , the mixture of CA100 and Cyanex923/Cyanex925 could improve the selectivity of yttrium (Y) extraction from the lanthanoids based on their separation factors. The synergistic effects of CA100 and Cyanex923 on lanthanum (III) extraction were investigated by using the methods of slope analysis and constant mole to determine the extraction reaction. The reaction product, equilibrium constants, formation constants, and the thermodynamic functions were determined. The synergistic extraction of lanthanum (III) with CA100 and Cyanex923 was proved to be endothermically driven.

Bone marrow (BM) niche responds to chemotherapy-induced cytokines secreted from acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cells and protects the residual cells from chemotherapeutics in vivo. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms for the induction of cytokines by chemotherapy remain unknown. Here, we found that chemotherapeutic drugs (e.g., Ara-C, DNR, 6-MP) induced the expression of niche-protecting cytokines (GDF15, CCL3 and CCL4) in both ALL cell lines and primary cells in vitro. The ATM and NF-κB pathways were activated after chemotherapy treatment, and the pharmacological or genetic inhibition of these pathways significantly reversed the cytokine upregulation. Besides, chemotherapy-induced NF-κB activation was dependent on ATM-TRAF6 signaling, and NF-κB transcription factor p65 directly regulated the cytokines expression. Furthermore, we found that both pharmacological and genetic perturbation of ATM and p65 significantly decreased the residual ALL cells after Ara-C treatment in ALL xenograft mouse models. Together, these results demonstrated that ATM-dependent NF-κB activation mediated the cytokines induction by chemotherapy and ALL resistance to chemotherapeutics. Inhibition of ATM-dependent NF-κB pathway can sensitize ALL to chemotherapeutics, providing a new strategy to eradicate residual chemo-resistant ALL cells.

The 3003 aluminum alloy melt was treated with three types of melt purification, and the effect of melt purification on the microstructure and mechanical properties of the alloy was investigated. The results show that the impurity content of 3003 aluminum alloy with untreated (UT) reached 0.6801 %. After the process of conventional purification treatment (CPT) and efficient purification treatment (EPT), the impurity content of the alloy decreased significantly, and the fluidity of aluminum melt was improved. Finely dispersed inclusions particles can promote nucleation, refine the size of the cast crystal. Alloy strength and plasticity have increased using the process of CPT and EPT, in particular, EPT is the most obvious. It shows that the purity of aluminum melt plays a key role in the mechanical properties of the alloy.

The main impurities in aluminum melt are hydrogen and Al2O3, which can deteriorate melt quality and materials performance. However, the diffusion process of H atoms in aluminum melt and the interactions among Al atoms, Al2O3and hydrogen have been studied rarely. Molecular mechanics and dynamics simulations are employed to study the diffusion behaviors of different types of hydrogen, such as free H atoms, H atoms in H2and H+ions in H2O using COMPASS force field. Correspondingly, force field types h, h1h and h1o are used to describe different types of hydrogen which are labeled as Hh, Hh1hand Hh1o. The results show that the adsorption areas are maximum for Hh1o, followed by Hh1hand Hh. The diffusion ability of Hh1ois the strongest whereas Hhis hard to diffuse in aluminum melt because of the differences in radius and potential well depth of various types of hydrogen. Al2O3cluster makes the Al atoms array disordered, creating the energy conditions for hydrogen diffusion in aluminum melt. Al2O3improves the diffusion of Hhand Hh1o, and constrains Hh1hwhich accumulates around it and forms gas porosities in aluminum. Hh1ois the most dispersive in aluminum melt, moreover, the distance of Al-Hh1ois shorter than that of Al-Hh1h, both of which are detrimental to the removal of Hh1o. The simulation results indicate that the gas porosities can be eliminated by the removal of Al2O3inclusions, and the dispersive hydrogen can be removed by adsorption function of gas bubbles or molten fluxes.

The carbon–carbon couplings of 4,4ʺ-dibromo-p-terphenyl (DBTP) on Cu(110) surface have been investigated at a single molecular level by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), demonstrating that the direct carbon–carbon coupling coexists with Ullmann coupling after annealing.

Vascular injury after chronic hypoxia leads to endothelial injury and structural damage to tight junctions (TJs), thereby resulting in a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Thus, attenuating hypoxia-induced damage has great significance for the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the endothelial protection conferred by tongxinluo (TXL), a traditional Chinese medicinal compound, is related to its regulation of TJ protein expression. In vivo, we found that TXL could promote hypoxia-induced angiogenesis in lung and liver tissue. In vitro, we found that CoCl2treatment significantly reduced the expression of the TJ proteins occludin, claudin-1, VE-cadherin, and beta-catenin in cultured human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells. TXL pretreatment abrogated the CoCl2-induced downregulation of these TJ proteins. Conversely, overexpression of Krüppel-like factor 4 (KLF4) inhibited the expression of TJ proteins in human cardiac microvascular endothelial cells, an effect that was reversed by TXL pretreatment. Further experiments showed that TXL could promote endothelial cell proliferation by increasing KLF4 phosphorylation, thereby reversing the effect of KLF4 on the expression of TJ proteins. These findings provide a new molecular mechanism for the TXL-induced increase in TJ protein expression.

With TEMPO-NaClO-NaBr as the selective oxidation system, the oxidized corn starch was prepared from the corn starch, substituting traditional pre-gelatinized corn starch. The relationship of the carboxyl mass fraction of the oxidized starch and the dosage of oxidant was studied under the conditions such as: the mass of the corn starch was 5.0g, the pH was 10.00, the reaction temperature was 20 °C. The structure of the oxidized corn starch was characterized by IR. The results showed that when the consumption of NaClO was 67.5 mL, the reaction time was 2.5 h, the carboxyl of oxidized starch can reach 10.60%.

According to the detonation wave collision theory, initiation from two ends of charge, the liner will close to the middle to form high velocity MEFP. The software Autodyn to be used to study the penetration capacity of a single Annular MEFP was studied. With increase of axis curvature radius, the ratio of length of width is decrease, the penetration capacity declined. It is partitioned hole into two parts which is formed gourd-shaped in the typical penetration. For equal liner and unequal liner, although the velocity of unequal liner is higher, the penetration capacity is weaker.

According to the detonation wave collision theory, initiation from two ends of charge, the liner will close to the middle to form high velocity penetrator. To achieve better closed effect, the influence of axis curvature radius on a single Annular MEFP was studied. Axis curvature radius influence little collision pressure, but is the important factor affecting the formation. The results showed the presence of axis curvature radius can all reach the closure effect, but different greatly. The velocity and mass of penetrator increase as decrease of axis curvature radius, but it forms easily to be rod jet, when the radius is too small. The penetrator mass have bigger loss as increase of axis curvature radius.

The main objective of this paper is to develop a pilot translational motion perception model that can be used in flight simulator fidelity evaluation .This paper provides detailed design process to pilot translational motion perception model with visually induced self-motion and canal-otolith interaction.This study considers the effects of visually induced self-motion and canal-otolith interaction to pilot motion perception at one time . The pilot motion mode has more fidelity than others.

To improve the performance of diamond saw blade sawing, reduce vibration at the time of its work, prevent the blade resonance, the parametric model of diamond saw blade was been established based on the finite element software ANSYS, and the analysis file was been established through the structural reliability analysis module of the finite element analysis software ANSYS. The finite element method combined with the Monte Carlo method can be used to get the sensitivity index which effect the diamond saw blade security and the probability distribution function and the other principal impact factors, and which is theoretical basis for the diamond saw blade optimization and design.

s. In order to explore the building pattern of digital ward for medical affairs and management, the business process and function of digital ward is discussed. The digital ward building pattern combining multi business system, such as clinical treatment and nursing, logistic support like drugs and equipment, quality surveillance, performance checking, cost auditing and office administrating, is constructed. Based on the methodology of process management, the architecture of digital ward is design and implemented, which is focus on electronic medical records, medical quality and management. The construction of digital ward has implemented the overall process intelligent and automatic management of medical and administration business.

Food coloring pollution is most widely occurred in food safety affairs in our country. The abused food additives and illegal ingredients belong to industrial dyes or chemical bleaching agents, which have chemical pollutions to the food and affect health. This paper introduces the compositions, structures, and industrial use of these illegal ingredients and the possibly illegal ingredient-added kinds of food as well as the harms done to body health.

To calculate and analyses the spatial distribution of the red tide disaster receptors vulnerability degree, a high-resolution RS images and GIS-based method was proposed. According to the vulnerability content of natural disaster, the damage characteristic of red tide disaster and the sample characteristic spectrum, the definition of the vulnerability of red tide disaster receptors was defined and its value ranging from 0 to 1. The spatial distribution information extraction methods of the vulnerability assessment indicators based on high-resolution RS image were established. A GIS-based method of the vulnerability degree assessment method was put forward. Finally, a Dongtou waters is taken as testing area to verify the above method, and the experiment results are satisfying.

To reveal the relationship between nutrient input and red tide outbreaks, the effects of N/P atomic ratio on the specific growth rate of Alexandrium tamarense is analyzed under various initial phosphate concentrations in laboratory cultures. The results show that both the cell density and the specific growth rate of A.tamarense first increased when the N/P atomic ratio ≤ (N/P)opt and then decreased when the N/P atomic ratio ≥ (N/P)opt in low-P-grown cultures, followed by those in medium-P-grown and high-P-grown cultures. And the highest cell density in low-P-grown, medium-P-grown, and high-P-grown cultures is 1776×104, 4094×104 and 6891×104 cells/L, respectively. The maximum specific growth rate is 4.022, 5.307 and 9.672 d-1, respectively. It seems that the higher the initial phosphate concentrations, the greater the probability of red tide outbreaks.

Incentive is an effective way for information sharing mechanism in a supply chain. All participants will obtain advantages during information sharing incentive. Based on the given cost and weights of participants, an incentive model is built to analyze profit and cost in the supply chain of chained drug stores. Relationship between information sharing effort and cost of the headquarter is proposed in the conclusion.

Abstract: Objective: To examine the validation and reliability of the distress thermometer (DT) recommended by National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) in Chinese cancer patients. Methods: A total of 574 Chinese cancer patients from Beijing Cancer Hospital completed the detection of DT, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Symptom Checklist 90 (SCL-90), Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve and Area Under the Curve (AUC) were used to analyze the validation relative to HADS and SCL-90. The patients with DT≥4 and whose distress caused by emotional problems were interviewed with the MiNi International Neuro-psychiatric Interview (MINI) (Chinese Version 5.0). This version was used to analyze cancer patients’ psychological and Psychiatric symptoms during the cancer process; 3. Another 106 cancer patients in rehabilitation stage and stable condition were asked to fill in DT two times, at the base time and after 7–10 days. Results: Data of ROC indicates that a DT cutoff score of 4 yielded AUC of 0.80 with a optimal sensitivity (0.80) and specificity (0.70) relative to HADS, and AUC of 0.83 with the greatest sensitivity (0.87) and specificity (0.72) against SCL-90. The DT also has acceptable test-retest reliability (r=0.800, P=0.000); According to the interview results, the most common psychiatric problems cancer patients have adjustment disorder, depression, and anxiety. Conclusion: The data suggest that DT has acceptable overall accuracy and reliability as a screening tool for testing distress severity and specific problems causing distress in Chinese cancer patients. It is worth being used in oncology clinic, the rapid screening and interview could help caregivers to identify psychological and psychiatric problems of cancer patients and provide useful information for further treatment.

An intelligent approach based on modified particle swarm optimisation and wavelet decomposition was proposed for rigid image registration. In the phase of approximate registration, the modified particle swarm optimisation (PSO), more efficient optimisation without the velocity item in the evolutionary equation, was employed to optimise the solution responding to the mutual information value calculated from the approximate sub-images extracted from the original images by wavelet decomposition. And in the phase of fine registration, cyclic variable method was employed to search maximal mutual information value calculated from the original images. The experimental result showed that the average total registration time was reduced greatly by wavelet decomposition and precision was improved by the modified PSO.

Based on the advantages and disadvantages of existing active protection system, this paper proposes a new type of airbag active protection system. The components and working process of the system is introduced. Then taking the physical process of airbag active protection system against a rocket projectile as an example, a 3D finite element model (FEM) of airbag and rocket projectile is set up. With the assistance of the software LS-DYNA3D, through performing the simulation when the rocket projectile touched the airbag with an angle 30° from the normal interface, the intercepting efficiency is calculated and analyzed in the simulation. Results show that airbag can deform and rupture the metal jet generated by the rocket projectile, thus greatly reduce its armor penetrating effect. Finally, it shows excellent protective effect of the airbag active protection system.

Abstract:: We study the solution of neutral delay differential equations (NDDEs) by using boundary value methods (BVMs). The BVMs require the solution of nonsymmetric, large and sparse linear systems. The GMRES method with Strang-type block-circulant preconditioner is proposed to solve these linear systems. We show that, if an -stable BVM is used for solving a system of NDDEs, then our preconditioner is invertible and the spectrum of the preconditioned system is clustered. It follows that, when the GMRES method is applied to the preconditioned systems, the method can converge rapidly. Numerical results are given to show that our method is effective.

The disease symptoms recognized as ‘Anthracnose’ are caused by Colletotrichum spp. and lead to large-scale strawberry (Fragaria×ananassa Duchesne) losses worldwide in terms of both quality and production. Little is known regarding the mechanisms underlying the genetic variations in the strawberry–Colletotrichum spp. interaction. In this work, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (C. gloeosporioides) infection was characterized in two varieties exhibiting different susceptibilities, and the involvement of salicylic acid (SA) was examined. Light microscopic observation showed that C. gloeosporioides conidia germinated earlier and faster on the leaf surface of the susceptible cultivar compared with the less-susceptible cultivar. Several PR genes were differentially expressed, with higher-amplitude changes observed in the less-susceptible cultivar. The less-susceptible cultivar contained a higher level of basal SA, and the SA levels increased rapidly upon infection, followed by a sharp decrease before the necrotrophic phase. External SA pretreatment reduced susceptibility and elevated the internal SA levels in both varieties, which were sharply reduced in the susceptible cultivar upon inoculation. The less-susceptible cultivar also displayed a more sensitive and marked increase in the transcripts of NB-LRR genes to C. gloeosporioides, and SA pretreatment differentially induced transcript accumulation in the two varieties during infection. Furthermore, SA directly inhibited the germination of C. gloeosporioides conidia; NB-LRR transcript accumulation in response to SA pretreatment was both dose- and cultivar-dependent. The results demonstrate that the less-susceptible cultivar showed reduced conidia germination. The contribution of SA might involve microbial isolate-specific sensitivity to SA, cultivar/tissue-specific SA homeostasis and signaling, and the sensitivity of R genes and the related defense network to SA and pathogens.