Search

La Sección de Vía Aérea de la Sociedad Catalana de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor (SCARTD) presenta la actualización de las recomendaciones para la evaluación y manejo de la vía aérea difícil con el fin de incorporar los avances técnicos y los cambios observados en la práctica clínica desde la publicación de la primera edición en 2008.

The thermal balance of forests is the result of complex land–atmosphere interactions. Different climate regimes and plant functional types can have contrasting energy budgets, but little is known about the influence of forest structure and functional traits. Here, we combined spaceborne measurements of surface temperature from ECOSTRESS with ground‐based meteorological data to estimate the thermal balance at the surface (∆Tcan−air) during four summers (2018–2021), at the Mediterranean–temperate ecotone in the NE Iberian Peninsula. We analyzed the spatiotemporal drivers of ∆Tcan−airby quantifying the effects of meteorology, forest structure (stand density, tree height) and ecophysiology (hydraulic traits), during normal days and hot spells. Canopy temperatures (Tcan) fluctuated according to changes in air temperature (Tair) but were on average 4.2 K warmer. During hot spells, ∆Tcan−airwas smaller than during normal periods. We attribute this decrease to the advection of hot and dry air masses from the Saharan region resulting in a sudden increase in Tairrelative to Tcan. Vapor pressure deficit (VPD) was negatively correlated with ∆Tcan−air, since the highest VPD values coincided with peaks in heat advection. Nonetheless, Tcanincreased with VPD due to decreased transpiration (following stomatal closure), even though sufficient soil water availability enabled some degree of evaporative cooling. Our findings demonstrate that plot‐scale forest structural and hydraulic traits are key determinants for the forest thermal balance. The integration of functional traits and forest structure over relevant spatial scales would improve our ability to understand and model land–atmosphere feedbacks in forested regions. Forests exchange energy with the atmosphere. Different types of forests may result in substantially different energy exchanges, but it is not clear which are the ecological factors causing these differences. This is relevant because during hot spells, the way by which the surface dissipates heat can either intensify or mitigate the air temperature increase. Here, we assessed how canopies exchange heat with the atmosphere depending on the characteristics of the forest cover, in a region densely covered by forests, with great ecological and climatic diversity, in the transition zone between the Mediterranean and the temperate ecotone. We show that recent hot spells were not aggravated by tree energy dissipation into the atmosphere. Instead, we argue that incoming hot air masses, often traveling from northern Africa, reduced the exchange of energy between the surface and the atmosphere, and so, the warming from below was not critical for the aggravation of these hot spells. Yet, we found that there was high variability in the thermal balance of forests along the ecoclimatic gradients of the study region that could not be explained by broad forest type classifications. Instead, differences in the thermal balance and its influence on air temperature were better explained by forests functional and structural characteristics, such as tree height or functional type of the dominant species. The thermal balance of forests is estimated at the plot‐scale using ECOSTRESS‐derived canopy temperaturesHot spells are mostly driven by advection rather than by land–atmosphere feedbacksForest structure and species‐specific differences in plant water use correlate with heat dissipation mechanisms The thermal balance of forests is estimated at the plot‐scale using ECOSTRESS‐derived canopy temperatures Hot spells are mostly driven by advection rather than by land–atmosphere feedbacks Forest structure and species‐specific differences in plant water use correlate with heat dissipation mechanisms

[Display omitted]

The main purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coliO157 on bovine carcasses before and after chilling at a large slaughterhouse located in the city of Barcelona, Spain, to assess the effectiveness of dry chilling on reducing E. coliO157 contamination of carcasses. In addition, the study characterized the E. coliO157 strains isolated in terms of virulence factors, antibiotic susceptibility, and their genetic diversity. Individual bovine carcasses were sampled before (n= 300) and after (n= 300) chilling over an 8-month period. Positive samples for E. coliO157 were subjected to virulence screening by PCR (stx1, stx2, and eaeAgenes and the fliCH7gene), antimicrobial susceptibility testing, and molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. A total of 9.7% (29 of 300) of the nonrefrigerated carcasses examined and 2.3% (7 of 300) of the refrigerated carcasses were positive for E. coliO157. All the isolates were serotype O157:H7, 92% (33 of 36) carried the stx1, stx2, and eaeAgenes, and 8% (3 of 36) carried the stx2and eaeAgenes. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing showed a high degree of resistance: 29 strains (81%) were resistant to at least 1 antimicrobial of the 12 antimicrobials tested; 69% (25 of 36) were resistant to 4 or more antimicrobials. Molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis found a high diversity of genetic types, implying little cross-contamination in the slaughterhouse. This study confirms that E. coliO157:H7 is present on the carcasses slaughtered in Spain, although its prevalence is reduced by the dry chilling process used. The recovered isolates showed potential pathogenesis and a high degree of multidrug resistance, confirming the importance of bovine meat monitoring.

Evaluar los factores de riesgo de la insuficiencia renal postoperatoria (IRP) en pacientes adultos con función renal normal sometidos a cirugía mayor con ingreso hospitalario, y analizar la mortalidad y la estancia hospitalaria de los pacientes que desarrollan IRP.

La hipertensión arterial (HTA) tiene una elevada prevalencia en nuestra población quirúrgica. Las diferencias de criterio y la ausencia de consenso entre los profesionales implicados en el cuidado de estos pacientes, han contribuido a que la hipertensión sea una de las causas más frecuentes de cancelación de una intervención. El objetivo de este documento es ofrecer al clínico un enfoque práctico para abordar el manejo perioperatorio del paciente hipertenso. La HTA se asocia a un riesgo aumentado de complicaciones perioperatorias, especial-mente relacionado con la repercusión sistémica de la hipertensión y con oscilaciones importantes de la presión arterial durante la cirugía. La evaluación preoperatoria debe centrarse en la búsqueda de signos y síntomas de lesión de órgano diana. Durante el perioperatorio el anestesiólogo debe minimizar las fluctuaciones de la presión arterial, evitando especialmente hipotensiones sostenidas, y en el postoperatorio reiniciar lo antes posible la medicación antihipertensiva.

Conocer la actividad anestésica en Cataluña en el año 2003, describir las características específicas de las técnicas anestésicas, la distribución de las mismas y el perfil de los pacientes.

A multifactorial ANOVA experiment was designed for a Quercus ilex forest in the Prades mountains in Tarragona (NE Spain). The purpose of this study was to clarify the relative importance of water, nitrogen and phosphorus as factors controlling primary production.