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In this research, an appreciable Hal′@MIL-PMA photocatalyst was prepared through a hydrothermal approach to photo-oxidize Tetracycline. The as-fabricated composite was diagnosed by multiple catalyst characterization tests, including XRD, FTIR, FESEM, PL, EIS, EDS, TGA, BET, and DRS techniques. Under optimized conditions (i.e.; a 1 g/L dosage of photocatalyst, antibiotic concentration of 40 mg/L, pH = 7 and at ambient temperature), 97.11% of Tetracycline elimination was achieved by the pristine Hal′@MIL-PMA photocatalyst. Kinetics computation revealed that the photo-degradation rate of Tetracycline obeys the pseudo-first-order model. Tests on radical trapping manifested that hydroxyl radical was a predominant oxidating reactive agent during the photocatalysis process. The mechanistic decontamination route of Tetracycline was deduced on the basis of the detected transformation products. The decay rate of TOC (63.23%) displayed that the Tetracycline was transferred to H2O, CO2, and simple degradable substances during the photocatalysis procedure. Additionally, the photocatalytic mechanism of Tetracycline degradation over the Hal′@MIL-PMA heterojunction photocatalyst was presented. The as-fabricated photocatalyst displayed significant oxidation efficiency in degrading multiple antibiotics, such as Rifampicin (90.87%) and Sulfasalazine (95.31%) under the above determined optimized conditions. Besides, the photocatalytic rate of Hal′@MIL-PMA heterostructured composite had no remarkable diminish even after five consecutive cycles. On the whole, this investigation evinces that Hal′@MIL-PMA composite can be regarded as a sustainable and promising photocatalyst for decontaminating non-biodegradable and tenacious substances from aqueous environments.

Vapor-phase hydrogenation of furfural is among the most industrially important biomass-based processes giving a vast range of products over different catalysts. In this paper, the effects of three modifiers (cobalt, chromium, and calcium) on the physicochemical properties of impregnated MgO-supported copper catalysts were evaluated for the first time using BET, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TG analyses. The performance of the catalysts was also assessed in terms of intrinsic activity and selectivity towards furfuryl alcohol. The cobalt- and chromium-promoted catalysts presented the highest conversion of furfural (75.1 and 68.8%) and high selectivity to furfuryl alcohol (96.9 and 98.5%) after 4 h of operation. The improvement by additives was more pronounced in the case of furfural conversion than furfuryl alcohol selectivity with respect to the unpromoted Cu/MgO catalyst (with a 54.5% conversion after 4 h). Overall, the Cu-Co/MgO was the most favored catalyst in terms of productivity to furfuryl alcohol. The addition of calcium showed a rather prohibitive influence on the activity of the base catalyst, however.

Polyoxometalates (POMs) and their hybrid systems are green and efficient catalysts which have found a wide range of application, due to their outstanding properties such as high thermal stability, Redox potential, strong Bronsted acidity, non-corrosive nature and sensitivity to electricity and light. They are able to catalyze various organic reactions as well as being involved in photocatalytic processes. In this review, we try to highlight the recent advances (2009-2015) in the applications of POMs both in their actual structural forms and in the form of hybrid/ composite as catalysts in divergent chemical processes including, organic synthesis, biomass conversion, petrochemical processes, photocatalytic degradation and fuel cell.

Synthesis of novel derivatives of imidazo[1,2-a]pyrimidine from one-pot three-component reaction of aldehydes, 2-amino-benzimidazole, and α-tetralone in the presence of catalytic amount of p-toluene sulfonic acid under reflux condition in EtOH has been presented. The simplicity and safety of the process, high yields and short reaction times were the main advantages of this protocol.

Halloysite nanotube supported ruthenium catalyst was prepared by an easy and reproducible in situbottom up approach. Ruthenium (III) chloride was reduced by sodium borohydride in the presence of halloysite nanotubes dispersed in water. Several analyses confirm the immobilization of ruthenium particles onto the aluminosilicate support. The synthesized catalyst was then tested in the hydrogenation of 1-hexadecene, a highly hydrophobic compound, in aqueous medium using cyclodextrins as mass transfer additives. The catalytic activity deeply depended on the nature of the cyclodextrin. Best results were obtained with randomly methylated β-cyclodextrin. The catalytic system was also evaluated in the hydrogenation of biosourced long chain alkenes such as fatty acid methyl esters and vegetable oils and showed high activities in mild reaction conditions.

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