1. Fire behaviour of liquid solvents for energy storage applications
- Author
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De Liso, Benedetta Anna, Pio, Gianmaria, and Salzano, Ernesto
- Abstract
The introduction of innovative solutions for the energy supply chain is promoting the use of batteries and supercapacitors, posing new challenges from a safety point of view. This work presents bench-scale experiments devoted to the evaluation of the fire behaviour of liquid solvents, employing an in-house procedure for the characterization of the ignition and flame behaviour of liquids either in the presence or absence of ignition sources. Different boundary conditions were tested to identify the most suitable set of values for a standardized assessment of safety parameters for acetonitrile, ethyl acetate, lactic acid, and hexane. The produced vapours and the exhaust gas were analysed together with the evolution in time of the rate of heat generation. The fire behaviour was quantified in terms of time to reach the maximum value of the heat release rate and the peak. The former is related to the flash point, whereas the latter is determined by the thermodynamics and kinetics of the investigated species. In addition, the overall rate and the ruling regimes (e.g., smouldering or flaming) were determined based on the collected data. The comparison between the obtained values and the typical velocities attributed to vaporization, mixing, and gas-phase reactions suggests that vaporization can be considered as the rate-determining step only in the case of flaming.
- Published
- 2024
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