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En este artículo se muestran las publicaciones que se han considerado más relevantes sobre cardiopatías congénitas en el último año.

El lactato y su evolución se asocian con el pronóstico de los pacientes en shock,si bien es escasa la evidencia en aquellos asistidos con oxigenador extracorpóreo de membrana venoarterial (ECMO-VA). Nuestro objetivo es evaluar su valor pronóstico en shockcardiogénico asistido con ECMO-VA.

ObjectiveSpontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an infrequent cause of acute coronary syndrome. Our aim was to assess adverse events at follow-up from a nationwide prospective cohort.MethodsThe Spanish Registry on SCAD (SR-SCAD) included patients from 34 hospitals. All coronary angiograms were analysed by two experts. Those cases with doubts regarding the diagnosis of SCAD were excluded. The angiographic SCAD classification by Saw et alwas followed. Major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular event (MACCE) was predefined as composite of death, myocardial infarction, unplanned revascularisation, SCAD recurrence or stroke. All events were assigned by a Clinical Events Committee.ResultsAfter corelab evaluation, 389 patients were included. Most patients were women (88%); median age 53 years (IQR 47–60). Most patients presented as non-ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction (54%). A type 2 intramural haematoma (IMH) was the most frequent angiographic pattern (61%). A conservative initial management was selected in 78% of patients. At a median time of follow-up of 29 months (IQR 17–38), 46 patients (13%) presented MACCE, mainly driven by reinfarctions (7.6%) and unplanned revascularisations (6.2%). Previous history of hypothyroidism (HR 3.79; p<0.001), proximal vessel involvement (HR 2.69; p=0.009), type 2 IMH (HR 2.12; p=0.037) and dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) at discharge (HR 2.18; p=0.042) were independent predictors of MACCE.ConclusionsIn this large prospective cohort of patients with SCAD, prognosis was overall favourable, with events mainly driven by reinfarctions or unplanned revascularisations. History of hypothyroidism, proximal vessel involvement, type 2 IMH and DAPT at discharge were associated with MACCE.Trial registration numberNCT03607981.

La rotura de septo interventricular tras un infarto es una complicación rara, pero muy grave, con una alta tasa de mortalidad. Nuestro propósito es analizar qué factores han podido influir en la mortalidad por esta afección durante la última década, incluyendo los relacionados con la asistencia circulatoria mecánica.

El aumento exponencial de la intervención coronaria y la generalización del acceso radial son el escenario ideal para iniciar programas de angioplastia ambulatoria con el objetivo de disminuir ocupación y reducir el coste manteniendo la seguridad. Se presentan por primera vez datos de un registro multicéntrico español sobre angioplastia transradial ambulatoria en pacientes seleccionados.

Noninvasive indices based on Doppler echocardiography are increasingly used in clinical cardiovascular research to evaluate left ventricular global systolic chamber function. Our objectives were to clinically validate ultrasound-based methods of global systolic chamber function to account for differences between patients in conditions of abnormal load, and to assess their sensitivity to load confounders.

Over the past decade, cell therapy has emerged as a new approach to reversing myocardial ischemia. Several types of adult stem cells have been studied in both preclinical and clinical conditions for this purpose: bone marrow cells, circulating cells, and myoblasts. Nevertheless, the quest for the ideal “anti-ischemic” cell is still ongoing. Recently, the existence of a population of stem cells located in adipose tissue (adipose-derived stem cells) has been observed. These are able to differentiate into multiple cell lineages including cardiomyocytic differentiation. In this review we discuss the basic principles of adipose-derived stem cells (types and characteristics, harvesting, and expansion), the initial experimental studies, and the currently ongoing clinical trials.

Se desconoce si la administración de células madre tiene el mismo efecto en pacientes diabéticos y en no diabéticos. Para ello se estudió a 26 pacientes consecutivos, incluidos en dos estudios, tratados con células mononucleadas de médula ósea (CMNMO), con miocardiopatía isquémica crónica y sin opción a revascularización. Se les realizó un mapeo electromecánico con NOGA para identificar miocardio viable (voltaje unipolar≥6,9 mV) y se les inyectó una media de 28,5±4,7 millones de CMNMO. Se realizó un seguimiento a los 6 meses. En los pacientes no diabéticos, se observó una reducción significativa del volumen telesistólico a los 6 meses en comparación con el basal, una disminución significativa de la clase NYHA (de 3 [1,75-3] a 1 [1-2]; p=0,04), de la puntuación de angina de la clasificación canadiense (de 3 [2-4] a 1 [1-1,5]; p=0,04) y un aumento del consumo de oxígeno (de 16,4 [13,1-21,5] a 24,5 [17,3-29,2] ml/kg/min; p=0,04). Estas diferencias no se observaron en los pacientes diabéticos. Éste es el primer estudio clínico que observa que la inyección de CMNMO podría tener un menor efecto en los diabéticos.

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