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The potential damaging effects of light on museum objects have long been known, and those responsible for collections have developed methods for assessing the sensitivity of different materials to light [...]

ABSTRACTSabah’s decolonization and subsequent merger with Malaysia was fraught with uncertainty. The 1962 Cobbold Commission of Enquiry in British Borneo aggravated regional tensions in Southeast Asia and sparked allegations of neo-colonialism. While Orthodox scholarship argues that the commission delivered a decisive cross-section of public opinion, fresh analysis of archival material indicates that its outcomes were compromised by logistical and functional limitations. Through recovering key local voices and disentangling commission addenda from the archive, this paper shows how the inquiry became a vehicle for local elite advancement and Anglo-Malayan geopolitical agenda, rather than transparent democratic legitimation. Furthermore, it contends that the pre-emptive (rather than post factum) nature of the inquiry laid bare its political potentiality. The inconclusiveness of its findings led many to dismiss Sabah’s public as incapable of determining its own future, prompting Britain and Malaya to push ahead with Projek Malaysia[the Malaysia plan] largely irrespective of public opinion. The subsequent push to form Malaysia contributed to deteriorating relations with neighbouring states and ushered a period of marked geopolitical instability. This paper argues, however, that a key, understudied outcome of the commission was the crystallization of local elite voices. Many elites—traditional headmen and local power brokers—claimed to speak for thousands of followers and thus utilized the commission to cement political influence in the postcolonial arena. By casting light on colonial political devices amidst the end of empire, this paper offers valuable nuance and a portable methodology for understanding a range of cognate decolonization experiences.

Depression and anxiety are increasingly prevalent in adolescents. The Brief Educational Workshops in Secondary Schools Trial investigated the effectiveness of a brief accessible stress workshop programme for 16–18-year-olds. We aimed to investigate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the DISCOVER cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) workshop on symptoms of depression in 16–18-year-olds at 6 months compared with treatment-as-usual.

We investigate the problem of finding upper and lower bounds for a Choquet risk measure of a nonlinear function of two risk factors, when the marginal distributions of the risk factors are ambiguous and represented by nonadditive measures on the marginal spaces and the joint nonadditive distribution on the product space is unknown. We treat this problem as a generalization of the optimal transport problem to the setting of nonadditive measures. We provide explicit characterizations of the optimal solutions for finite marginal spaces, and we investigate some of their properties. We further discuss the connections with linear programming, showing that the optimal transport problems for capacities are linear programs, and we also characterize their duals explicitly. Finally, we investigate a series of numerical examples, including a comparison with the classical optimal transport problem, and applications to counterparty credit risk.

Abstract:AbstractA warrior chasing a horse rider on an Athenian red-figure cup attributed to Skythes in the J. Paul Getty Museum would be a typical depiction of Achilles chasing Troilos but for the fact that both figures are shown wearing Thracian costume. Although this is not unusual for Troilos, it is puzzling for Achilles. This essay presents a number of strategies to interpret Achilles in Thracian garb, utilizing literary sources and the contemporary social context. The connotations of Achilles' foreign appearance are to be understood in contrast to the conventional battle scene on the other side of the cup, where the image of a Thracian warrior recurs as a shield blazon.

Who Really Won the Battle of Marathon? by Constantinos Lagos and Fotis Karyanos, Pen & Sword Military, Yorkshire, U.K., and Havertown, Pa., 2020, $34.95 In this reappraisal of one of [...]

In late March 1943 25-year-old Norwegian commando Jan Baalsrud, three other Special Operations Executive officers and a crew of eight sailed northeast from the Shetland Islands aboard the fishing boat [...]

This article traces the history of Joan of Arc through her brief life that includes leading an army in defense of France at the age of 17 and ending with her death at the stake at the age of 19. In her activities, St Joan reported that she was guided by voices and visions in which she communicated with venerated spiritual figures such as St Michael and St Margaret. Questions have arisen about the nature of these experiences, and various medical and psychiatric diagnoses have been offered by contemporary experts. In our effort to evaluate the diagnostic proposals, we have examined the incidence of voices and visions in the Middle Ages, and we have followed that with a review of nonpathologic voice-hearing in our own era. We then move on to an analysis of some proposed medical and psychiatric diagnoses, all of which we find unconvincing. With this background, we argue that St Joan does not warrant a medical or psychiatric diagnosis. Such a conclusion, however, leaves us with another issue, that of Joan's achievements. How do we understand an adolescent being able to lead an army? Addressing this question proves more difficult than deciding whether St Joan warrants a diagnosis. In addition to her achievements in the war against Britain, Joan of Arc stands out as both the most documented person in Western civilization up until her era, and as the only person who has been both condemned and canonized by the Catholic Church.

Master of Deception: The Wartime Adventures of Peter Fleming, by Alan Ogden, Bloomsbury Academic, London,2019, $27 As a schoolboy I happened across a 1933 copy of Peter Fleming's Brazilian Adventure. [...]

Crucible of Hell: The Heroism and Tragedy of Okinawa, 1945, by Saul David, Hachette Books, New York, 2020, $30 Iceberg, the operation to capture Okinawa, some 340 miles off the [...]

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The article focuses on Nick Eggenhofer, an artist who drew thousands of pen-and-ink story illustrations for Western pulp magazines from 1920 to 1955, and his life story, which began in the farming community of Gauting, ten miles southwest of Munich, in southern Germany. Topics include his childhood fascination with horses and drawing, and his family's attempt to send him to the Munich Academy of Fine Arts for weekend art classes.

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2311.2010.00617.x Byline: DAVID SAUNDERS (1), MAURICE VANSTONE (2) Keywords: rehabilitation; desistance; criminal justice; cinema Abstract: Abstract: Violent crime is one of the great subjects of world cinema; and oblique appeals for social reform - especially, for example, vis-a-vis capital punishment - also play a role in countless scores of films. However, explicit studies on the nature of self-reform and the professional social services which might help effect it are few and far between. While still keeping an eye on the broader international context, in this article we examine four British films - I Believe in You; The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner; A Sense of Freedom; and McVicar - each of which is notable for the unusual directness of its comments on how people deal with the problems of rehabilitation and desistance. Only one film dramatises formalised social work intervention, but they all reflect what might be described as a natural process of rehabilitation aided by the influence of significant others and all touch on psychological theories about causation and cure. Apart from The Loneliness of the Long Distance Runner, which is a forensic, if fictional, account of how reform programmes go wrong, these films show very clearly that individual change is an incremental, often imperceptible, process of increasing self-awareness, motivation and self-challenge. They also show that, while this process can be helped along by professional intervention, it is often dependent on the accruing of social capital and movement through stages of life familiar to us all. In this context, we argue that, despite the limited attention given by British film to the subject of rehabilitation, it has nevertheless produced some surprisingly accurate reflections of how desistance works. Author Affiliation: (1)Freelance Film Writer and Regular Contributor to Bright Lights Film Journal (2)Emeritus Professor of Criminal Justice and Criminology. Swansea University Article History: Date submitted: October 2009Date accepted: February 2010

With Their Bare Hands: General Pershing, the 79th Division and the Battle for Montfaucon, by Gene Fax, Osprey Publishing, Oxford, U.K., 2018, $22 Within a year of the spring 1917 [...]

The course of World War II in Egypt and North Africa has been well documented by an endless flow of books and papers, but what happened in Iran and Iraq [...]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbankfin.2005.04.009 Byline: Andrea Consiglio (a), David Saunders (b), Stavros A. Zenios (c) Keywords: Insurance; Minimum guarantees; Stochastic programming; Portfolio optimization Abstract: Modern insurance products are becoming increasingly complex, offering various guarantees, surrender options and bonus provisions. A case in point are the with-profits insurance policies offered by UK insurers. While these policies have been offered in some form for centuries, in recent years their structure and management have become substantially more involved. The products are particularly complicated due to the wide discretion they afford insurers in determining the bonuses policyholders receive. In this paper, we study the problem of an insurance firm attempting to structure the portfolio underlying its with-profits fund. The resulting optimization problem, a non-linear program with stochastic variables, is presented in detail. Numerical results show how the model can be used to analyze the alternatives available to the insurer, such as different bonus policies and reserving methods. Author Affiliation: (a) Universita degli Studi di Palermo, Facolta di Economia, Dipartimento di Scienze Statistiche e Matematiche 'Silvio Vianelli', Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy (b) Department of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of Waterloo, 200 University Ave West, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1 (c) Department of Public and Business Administration, School of Economics and Management, PO Box 20537, Nicosia CY-1678, Cyprus

'Horses Worn to Mere Shadows': The Victorio Campaign, 1880, by Robert N. Watt, Helion & Co., Warwick, U.K., 2019, $69.95 Following his 2018 book 'I Will Not Surrender the Hair [...]

Recent years have seen an increasing number of households invest a growing proportion of their wealth in traded financial assets. The greatest proportion of this wealth has been invested in [...]

ABSTRACTThe interrelationship and interdependence between preservation, access and sustainability are explored, looking at the changing balance in their importance. The adoption of sustainability by cultural heritage organisations over the last 30 years is briefly traced, culminating in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals, before developing a simpler framework for considering the relationship between sustainability and the display and preservation of collections. Alongside environmental and economic criteria, this framework includes two people-centred considerations of sustainability – social and societal. The five ‘pillars’ in this model are completed by the concept of operational sustainability. By considering preservation as societal sustainability and access as social sustainability, the single conceptual model that also includes environmental, economic and operational sustainability can be used to assess the effect of specific policies and practices on overall organisational sustainability. To demonstrate its use, the model is applied to a number of scenarios typically encountered in cultural heritage institutions to explore their effect on the different categories of sustainability. The method is particularly effective and informative when considering how a change in practice might affect each type of sustainability, making it a useful tool in decision-making.

Army of Empire: The Untold Story of the Indian Army in World War I By George Morton-Jack. 608 pages. Basic Books, 2018. $40. In the first half of the 20th [...]

Churchill's Secret War With Lenin: British Commonwealth Military Intervention in the Russian Civil War, 1918-20, by Damien Wright, Helion & Co., Solihull, U.K., 2017, $79.95 The culmination of 15 years [...]

'I Will Not Surrender the Hair of a Horse's Tail': The Victorio Campaign, 1879, by Robert N. Watt, Helion & Co., Solihull, U.K., 2018, $49.95 In 1880 the Chihenne Chief [...]

Studies on how employees view the fairness of Affirmative Action Programs (AAPs) show that their perceptions have a significant impact on employees' attitudes and behaviors. Employees who believe in the equal distribution of rewards are more amenable to integration and will likely exhibit positive behavior. However, employees will not accept integration if they feel that fairness is being compromised and will resort to negative reactions.

A simulation of the job application process is participated by 136 undergraduate commerce students by filling up one of two application blanks. The application forms may or may not contain a statement about the company's employment benefits. Findings show that those who filled the application blank without the statements emulated more positive perceptions of the company and attitudes toward employment. The implications of the results on recruitment and employee selection are also discussed.

Capt. Eric Bush British Royal Navy DSC and DSO with two Bars Europe and the Mediterranean World Wars I and II At the 1914 outbreak of World War I Britain [...]

AbstractBackground:To evaluate a novel, unofficial, trainee-organized, hospital addiction medicine consultation service (AMCS), we aimed to assess whether it was (1) acceptable to hospital providers and patients, (2) feasible to organize and deliver, and (3) impacted patient care. Methods: We performed a retrospective descriptive study of all AMCS consultations over the first 16 months. We determined acceptability via the number of referrals received from admitting services, and the proportion of referred patients who consented to consultation. We evaluated feasibility via continuation/growth of the service over time, and the proportion of referrals successfully completed before hospital discharge. As most referrals related to opioid use disorder, we determined impact through the proportion of eligible patients offered and initiated on opioid agonist therapy (OAT) in hospital, and the proportion of patients who filled their outpatient prescription or attended their first visit with their outpatient OAT prescriber. Results: The unofficial AMCS grew to involve six hospital-based residents and five supervising community-based addiction physicians. The service received 59 referrals, primarily related to injection opioid use, for 50 unique patients from 12 different admitting services. 90% of patients were seen before discharge, and 98% agreed to addiction medicine consultation. Among 34 patients with active moderate-severe opioid use disorder who were not already on OAT, 82% initiated OAT in hospital and 89% of these patients continued after discharge. Conclusions: Established in response to identified gaps in patient care and learning opportunities, a novel, unofficial, trainee-organized AMCS was acceptable, feasible, and positively impacted patient care over the first 16 months. This trainee-organized, unofficial AMCS could be used as a model for other hospitals that do not yet have an official AMCS.

The article features artist Cecil Calvert Beall (1892-1970) and his life and works. Also cited are Beall's birthplace of Saratoga, Wyoming, his parents Charles W. Beall and Eugenia N. Beall, his study under George Bridgman at the Art Students League in the 1900s, his service to the U.S. armed forces during the Great War, and his marriage to Mildred Muriel Hall.

The Second Anglo-Sikh War, by Amarpal Singh, Amberley Publishing, Stroud, United Kingdom, 2016, $42 Amarpal Singh's first book, The First Anglo-Sikh War (2010), appeared to general acclaim. He follows up [...]

God's Wolf: The Life of the Most Notorious of All Crusaders, Scourge of Saladin, by Jeffrey Lee, Atlantic Books, London, 2016, $27.95 On Oct. 29, 2010, a veiled woman walked [...]

Emergency abdominal surgery is associated with poor patient outcomes. We studied the effectiveness of a national quality improvement (QI) programme to implement a care pathway to improve survival for these patients.

Biodegradation kinetics data are keystone for evaluating the environmental persistence and risk of chemicals. Biodegradation kinetics depend highly on the prevailing temperature, which influences microbial community structures, metabolic rates, and chemical availability. There is a lack of high-quality comparative biodegradation kinetics data that are determined at different test temperatures but with the same microbial inoculum and chemical availability. The present study was designed to determine the effect of test temperature on the biodegradation kinetics of hydrocarbons while avoiding confounding factors. We used inocula from a Northern river (2.7 °C) and a Central European river (12.5 °C). Aqueous stock solutions containing 45 individual hydrocarbons were generated by passive dosing and added to river water containing the native microorganisms. Compound-specific biodegradation kinetics were then determined at 2.7, 12, and 20 °C based on substrate depletion. Main findings comprise the following: (1) Degradation half-times (DegT50) of 34 test chemicals were determined at different test temperatures and were largely consistent with the Arrhenius equation (activation energy, 65.4 kJ/mol). (2) Differences in biodegradation kinetics between tested isomers were rather limited. (3) The recent lowering of standard test temperature from 20 to 12 °C results typically in a doubling of DegT50values and can lead to a stricter persistency assessment.

Saunders attended Dunn's class three nights a week for three years. Saunders was doing work for both, paperbacks and comics. FEATURES Norman Saunders was a sensational pulp artist. Saunders studied the newsstands to invent cover ideas that were tailored for one specific pulp magazine. [Extracted from the article]

We review the approach to the calculus of variations using Ehresmann’s theory of jets. We describe different types of jet manifold, different types of variational problem and different cohomological structures associated with such problems.

Canadians on the Somme, 1916: The Neglected Campaign, by William E Stewart, Helion & Co., Solihull, U.K., 2017, $59.95 Presenting the first detailed account of the Canadian experience in the [...]

To Catch a King: Charles II's Great Escape, by Charles Spencer, William Collins, London, 2018, $27.99 The author of Killers of the King: The Men Who Dared to Execute Charles [...]