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The Quadruple Helix Model of innovation recognizes four major actors in the innovation system: science, policy, industry, and society. In keeping with this model, more and more governments are prioritizing greater public involvement in innovation processes. The goal of this study was to identify desirable and productive forms of interaction between the scientific community and the public. Our analysis focuses on the point of view of societal actors, which has so far been largely neglected in scientific literature and political discourse. To this end, we interviewed 50 laypersons with participatory research and innovation experience in Germany to document their opinions of the value of such interaction, the goals it should pursue, and the forms it should take. Rather than preferring the democratization of science in general, interviewees expressed the desire for more extensive opportunities to introduce scientific and technological considerations as part of bidirectional exchanges between academia and society. This paper proposes a layperson typology intended to help design participatory processes that facilitate such exchanges and includes the differences in opinions between men and women.

Despite advances in surgical technique and adjuvant treatment, endometrial cancer has recently seen an increase in incidence and mortality in the USA. The majority of endometrial cancers can be cured by surgery alone or in combination with adjuvant chemo- or radiotherapy; however, a subset of patients experience recurrence for reasons that remain unclear. Recurrence is associated with chemoresistance to carboplatin and paclitaxel and consequentially, high mortality. Understanding the pathways involved in endometrial cancer chemoresistance is paramount for the identification of biomarkers and novel molecular targets for this disease. Here, we generated the first matched pairs of carboplatin-sensitive/carboplatin-resistant and paclitaxel-sensitive/paclitaxel-resistant endometrial cancer cells and subjected them to bulk RNA sequencing analysis. We found that 45 genes are commonly upregulated in carboplatin- and paclitaxel-resistant cells as compared to controls. Of these, the leukemia inhibitory factor, (LIF), the protein tyrosine phosphatase type IVA, member 3 (PTP4A3), and the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1) showed a highly significant correlation between expression level and endometrial cancer overall survival (OS) and can stratify the 545 endometrial cancer patients in the TCGA cohort into a high-risk and low-risk-cohorts. Additionally, four genes within the 45 upregulated chemoresistance-associated genes are ADAMTS5, MICAL2, STAT5A, and PTP4A3 codes for proteins for which small-molecule inhibitors already exist. We identified these proteins as molecular targets for chemoresistant endometrial cancer and showed that treatment with their correspondent inhibitors effectively killed otherwise chemoresistant cells. Collectively, these findings underline the utility of matched pair of chemosensitive and chemoresistant cancer cells to identify markers for endometrial cancer risk stratification and to serve as a pharmacogenomics model for identification of alternative chemotherapy approaches for treatment of patients with recurrent disease.

UNC-45A is a novel regulator of neuronal differentiation. UNC-45A localizes at the growth cone, binds to NMIIA and NMIIB, and is disposable for neuronal survival but is required for neurite initiation and extension via regulating NMII activation. Thus UNC-45A is a potential master regulator of a number of NMII-mediated cellular processes.

A new hexanuclear copper(II) sandwich complex based on two 12-membered macrocyclic methylsiloxanolate ligands, [Cu6{(MeSiO2)6}2]·6DMF, was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis and magnetic measurements. The cluster compound crystallizes in the monoclinic system, space group P21/n (No. 14), with a = 13.3728(5) Å, b = 15.4281(7) Å, c = 17.4335(7) Å, β = 98.932(3)° and Z = 2. The unit cell contains two identical molecular clusters, each consisting of six interacting Cu2+ (S = ${1 \over 2}$) ions. Within the cluster the six oxygen-bridged Cu2+ ions are arranged in an almost regular hexagon. An analysis of the high-temperature part of the magnetic susceptibility reveals that the complex has a strong average ferromagnetic Cu–Cu exchange interaction of |Jav/kB| = (50.4 ± 1) K with a high-spin S = 3 ground state. A satisfactory fit for the magnetic susceptibility and the magnetization in the whole accessible temperature range is obtained from a Heisenberg model with nonuniform exchange couplings within a ring, corresponding to a system of two weakly coupled trimers with a ferromagnetic intratrimer exchange coupling of |J/kB| = 72.5 K and a ferromagnetic intertrimer exchange coupling of |J′/kB| = 7 K. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)

A new hexanuclear copper(II) sandwich complex based on two 10-membered macrocyclic phenylsiloxanolate ligands, {Cu6[(C6H5SiO2)5]2(OH)2(C10H8N2)2}·4(DMF)·3(H2O) (1), was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction and measurements of the magnetic susceptibility and isothermal magnetization. The cluster compound crystallizes in the triclinic system, space group P$\bar {1}$ (No. 2), with a = 14.925(3) Å, b = 16.745(2) Å, c = 23.053(3) Å, α = 83.079(9)°, β = 84.836(13)°, γ = 65.019(17)°, and Z = 2. The unit cell contains two identical molecules, each consisting of six interacting Cu2+ (S = 1/2) ions. Within the molecule, the six Cu2+ ions are arranged in two almost linear, parallel trimers. While pairs of oxygen atoms link the Cu2+ ions within the trimers, single oxygen atoms residing at the ends of the trimers provide the strongest intertrimer bonds. Magnetic measurements reveal an antiferromagnetic intratrimer exchange interaction, J/kB = 85 K, as the dominant magnetic coupling of the complex. By introducing a weak antiferromagnetic intertrimer coupling, J′/kB = 3.5 K, a satisfactory description of the magnetic behavior over a wide range of temperature and magnetic field is obtained. The departure of the model curves from the data at the lowest available temperature indicates the presence of additional, weak intra- and/or intermolecular interactions. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2005)