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Byline: Shikha. Sharma, Sarita. Asotra, Sehar. Asotra Introduction: All body cavities are lined by monolayered mesothelial cells and contain a minimal amount of fluid for lubrication and for protecting the [...]

Polyurethane composites synthesized by interaction of fly ash filler with polyether polyol, cross-linking agent, and curing agent in a certain ratio. The study’s findings show that the mechanical properties of polyurethane composite are lowered by the hydroxyl moieties of surface-functionalized fly ash that are chemically or physically linked. The study also reveals that prior subjecting the samples of surface-functionalized fly ash–reinforced polyurethane composite material for destructive analysis by UTM for evaluating mechanical properties. The in-depth study of the IR spectroscopy data of the composites is done focusing onto the stretching frequency of carbonyl group of carbamate links the trend in mechanical behavior of the samples, the number of fly ash–carbamate links, and proximity of HS–SS (hard segment–soft segment) of fly ash–reinforced polyurethane composites can be foretold. By a detailed analysis of the patterns of carbonyl stretching frequencies of carbamate links, one can gain insight into the microphasic level of the separation and proximity of hard and soft segments in composites, which govern their mechanical properties. The relationships between carbamate carbonyl stretching frequencies and mechanical characteristics of composites have been found to be inversely correlated. In order to offset the excess hydroxyl group contribution due to OH-loaded fly ash, as indicated by the isocyanate (NCO) peak intensity (2,240–2,280 cm−1) in the composite’s infrared spectra, the studies were conducted at a higher index ratio (1.64).

Heat capacity data are unavailable or incomplete for many minerals at geologically relevant temperatures. Despite the availability of entropy and enthalpy values in numerous thermodynamic tables (even sometimes at elevated temperatures), there remains need for extrapolation beyond, or interpolation between, temperatures. This approach inevitably results in estimates for entropy and enthalpy values because the heat capacity coefficients required for optimal thermodynamic treatment are less frequently available. Here we propose a simple method for obtaining heat capacity coeficients of minerals. This method requires only the empirically measured temperature-specific heat capacity for calculation via a matrix algorithm. The system of equations solver is written in the Python computing language and has been made accessible in an online repository. Thermodynamically, the solution to a system of equations represents the heat capacity coefficients that satisfy the mineral-specific polynomial. Direct coefficient calculation will result in more robust thermodynamic data, which are not subject to fitting uncertainties. Using hematite as an example, this method provides results that are comparable to conventional means and is applicable to any solid material. Coeficients vary within the traditional large 950 K temperature interval, indicating that best results should instead utilize a smaller 400 K temperature interval. Examples of large-scale implications include the refinement of geothermal gradient estimation in rapidly subsiding sedimentary basins or metamorphic and hydrothermal evolution.

Cotton leaf curl disease (CLCuD) is a major threat to cotton production throughout the world. In the present study, cotton crop in the South-Western districts of Punjab was monitored and surveyed for CLCuD. Begomoviruses and associated betasatellites and alphasatellites found in infected cotton plants with the CLCuD complex were sequenced partially. Here, we studied ten partial sequences for the characterization of CLCuD complex. Pairwise sequence analysis revealed that CLCuD-begomovirus isolates from Mansa is a close relative of cotton leaf curl Multan virus (CLCuMuV) while isolates from Bathinda and Abohar are members of CLCuMuV-Rajasthan strain. The betasatellite isolates characterized in this study shared 58.8–87.6% nt sequence homology with each other and showed maximum nucleotide sequence identity with cotton leaf curl Multan betasatellite (CLCuMuB). The alphasatellite isolates from Bakainwala and Muktsar showed maximum nt identity with cotton leaf curl Multan alphasatellite (CLCuMuA) and Gossypium darwani symptomless alphasatellite (GDrSLA) respectively.

Modern business environment throws hard punches not just at an individual level but at team level too. In today’s sweeping and highly complex environment, top teams need to be more than just high performers. They need to adapt and thrive, regardless of the turbulence they face. Research revealed that resilient teams can be more agile and adjust easily with the varying demands of its market. Appreciating the importance of resilience in team-context, this study examined the relationship among team resilience (TR), competitive advantage (CA), and organizational effectiveness (OE). Using descriptive research design data were collected from 300 employees aggregated into 71 teams from 18 IT firms located in Northern India. Statistical analyses found a significant relationship between TR and OE. CA was found to be a partial mediator among the relationship between TR and OE. Findings underline the strength of a relationship and predictive ability of various dimensions of TR with OE and CA. Based on the empirical results, the researcher proposed a Team Resilience Building Framework (TRBF). The organizations may benefit from the research findings in terms of devising the strategies to enhance resilience capacity of their teams.

Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms shown to improve human health when consumed regularly and in sufficient quantities. Numerous health benefits can be attained by possessing important metabolites with nutritional and medicinal qualities. It has been shown through scientific research that these living microbial consortiums can influence a variety of mental health outcomes, including but not limited to anxiety, depression, cognitive processes, stress responses, and behavioral patterns. Selected strains of bacteria and yeasts control how the central nervous system (CNS) communicates with the gut-brain axis (GBA) through neuronal, humoral, and metabolic pathways to ease mood. Psychobiotics are substances that can affect the digestive system as well as mood and anxiety. There is scant evidence to validate the beneficial effects of psychiatric drugs in treating neurological diseases or disorders. The therapeutic method of research into psychobiotics opens exciting prospects for the future of the field of development. This review compiles the current evidence available in the scientific literature on the use of probiotics to influence neurological disorders.

Nitrogen loading in river systems is increasing the potential threat for eutrophication and human health due to reactive nitrogen species such as nitrate. In this study, we estimated the potential sediment denitrification rate in Yamuna River. The denitrification rate varied from 0.20 to 2.14 µg N g−1DM h−1in Yamuna River system with an annual mean value of 1.01 µg N g−1DM h−1. Using nitrate disappearance method, the denitrification rate in Yamuna River varied from 1.01 to 3.24 µg g−1h−1and mean observed 1.92 µg g−1h−1. We found that the denitrification rate was positively correlated with nitrate concentration, indicating river spread over the surface water regime offers nitrate for sediment denitrification process. Both the methods showed a significant positive correlation(r= 0.68). However, the rate calculated using acetylene inhibition method was 50% effective, suggesting this approach can be utilised for studying denitrification rate and eutrophication load in Yamuna River sediments.

Design and characterization of a 6-bit Phase and Amplitude Setting circuit realized in Gallium Nitride MMIC technology operating in Ku-band are reported in this brief. An analysis of transistor periphery selection is provided in order to fulfil linearity parameters concurrently targeting other design constraints such as switch isolation and size. It is shown that a trade-off between the contrasting goals of switch power handling (expressed in terms of 1dB compression point) and switch isolation should be addressed. The proposed linear versus nonlinear performance analysis is uncommon in the open literature since high power analysis is seldom treated in multi-bit phase and amplitude control circuits and even more valuable considering the relatively higher targeted operating bandwidth than previously published material. A useful insight into some design trade-offs required when synthesizing this class of circuits at Ku-band or above are here provided. State-of-the-art +32 dBm Input power at 1 dB compression point and + 46 dBm Input referred Third Order Intercept Point at Ku-band (13 - 17 GHz) are verified outclassing other technologies such as Gallium Arsenide or Silicon Germanium by a factor of 10 - 20 dB. The MMIC is an initial demonstrator targeting highly integrated circuits such as Gallium Nitride core-chips.

The Himalayan region encompasses nearly 12% of the total geographical area of India and exhibits a high susceptibility to landslides owing to its delicate lithology, intricate geology, and steep slopes. Over the past few decades, GIS-based hydrological, data-driven, and physical-based models have been used extensively to identify landslide-prone areas. On the other hand, not much is known regarding the reliability and applicability of these options. This paper explores rainfall thresholds, InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) analysis, and site-based monitoring in the context of rainfall-induced landslides. Hence, the article offers a holistic view of these practices. The rainfall thresholds are determined for the Mandi region which can further aid in landslide forecasting and provide an early warning if that threshold is breached. In the absence of rainfall and other ground features, InSAR analysis monitors ground deformation in real time. However, site-based monitoring methods can be employed for a specific area with a high hazard probability, as detected from susceptibility mapping. Furthermore, by integrating real-time data from subsurface systems with predictive machine learning (ML) algorithms, the monitoring system can forecast landslides and raise alerts as per significant movements. This paper offers an overview of all these techniques, focusing on real-world case studies.

Chilli is an economically important crop throughout the world. Chillies are grown extensively in India leading to highest productivity in world. Viruses are reported as important constraints in hot pepper production, which lowers yield and result in poor fruit quality. Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV) disease was recorded on hot pepper in various district of Punjab during the year 2014–2015. Round the year survey of Punjab revealed various symptoms on hot pepper on different cultivars such as vein-banding, mosaic, puckering and mottling during early crop season (March–June). Whereas, leaf curl type symptoms started appearing from mid-season (June–July). Plants showing symptoms viz., mottling and greening of leaf veins, blistering were found to be associated with PepMoV infection. Among the surveyed districts, maximum incidence of mottle disease of hot pepper was recorded in Patiala (21%) followed by Sangrur (19%) and SAS nagar (15%). Universal primers specific to potyviruses were used to characterize the virus associated with the disease.

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AbstractWhite Spot disease is a devastating disease of shrimps caused by White Spot Syndrome Virus in multifarious shrimp species. At present there is no absolute medication to suppress the disease hence, there is an urgent need for development of drug against the virus. Molecular interaction between viral envelope protein VP28 and shrimp receptor protein especially chitins play a pivotal role in ingression of WSSV. In the present study, we have tried to shed light on structural aspects of lectin protein in Marsupenaeus japonicus(MjsvCL). A structural insight to the CTLD-domain of MjsvCL has facilitated the understanding of the binding mechanism between the two proteins that is responsible for entry of WSSV into shrimps. Further, incorporation of molecular dynamics simulation and MMPBSA studies revealed the affinity of binding and certain hotspot residues, which are critical for association of both the proteins. For the first time we have proposed that these amino acids are quintessential for formation of VP28-MjsvCL complex and play crucial role in entry of WSSV into shrimps. Targeting the interaction between VP28 and CTLD of MjsvCL may possibly serve as a potential drug target. The current study provides information for better understanding the interaction between VP28 and MjsvCL that could be a plausible site for future inhibitors against WSSV in shrimps.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

AbstractPlasmodium falciparumdevelops resistance to artemisinin upon exposure to the anti-malarial drug. Various mutations in the Plasmodium falciparumKelch13 (PfK13) protein such as Y493H, R539T, I543T and C580Y have been associated with anti-malarial drug resistance. These mutations impede the regular ubiquitination process that eventually invokes drug resistance. However, the relationship between the mutation and the mechanism of drug resistance has not yet been fully elucidated. The comparative protein dynamics are studied by performing the classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and subsequent analysis of the trajectories adopting root-mean-square fluctuations, the secondary-structure predictions and the dynamical cross-correlation matrix analysis tools. Here, we observed that the mutations in the Kelch-domain do not have any structural impact on the mutated site; however, it significantly alters the overall dynamics of the protein. The loop-region of the BTB-domain especially for Y493H and C580Y mutants is found to have the enhanced dynamical fluctuations. The enhanced fluctuations in the BTB-domain could affect the protein–protein (PfK13-Cullin) binding interactions in the ubiquitination process and eventually lead to anti-malarial drug resistance.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

A significant group of children suffer from non-specific functional abdominal pain. We argue that the prevalence of coeliac disease is higher in this group than the general population; thus, screening in this group is justified.

A novel concept of balun bandpass reconfigurable active filter is proposed here. The structure is composed of a three-stage balun filter having fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 13% with matched amplifier inserted between the last two stages. This technique of incorporating active device in balun filter gives an advantage of obtaining re-configurability, while compensating for loss at the balanced ports. The modified structure is able to yield re-configurability of frequency, bandwidth, power division ratio (PDR) and wide band stop response along with reduction in size (77 mm × 42 mm). The amplifier is accommodated within the second loop and is not cascaded with the balun filter, thus saving the space. The proposed balun filter has a varying gain of approximately 4–11 dB as bias changes from Ids = 52 to Ids = 78 mA, while simulating in MWO AWR software. The active balun filter has been fabricated on RT Duroid substrate. The measured results show | S11| < −15 dB from 1.9 to 2.18 GHz, which is comparable with simulation results. The novelty of this work is to obtain bias-dependent frequency, bandwidth and PDR re-configurability with varying gain.

Tetraphenylethane-1,2-diylbis(phosphoramidate) in conjugation with a room temperature ionic liquid in chloroform medium is reported for the first time in the liquid–liquid extraction of thorium (Th). The extracted Th(IV) is collected as a white solid in the organic medium, thereby facilitating its easy separation. A high distribution ratio (D) of (12.4 ± 0.1) × 103in 2–8 mol L–1acidity range and high decontamination factors (α) of Th(IV) from uranium, lanthanides, and a number of transition elements makes this extraction process versatile and selective. A number of experimental investigations in synergism with extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and density functional theory (DFT) studies are interpreted to confirm the structure of the chelated complex. A 1:2 metal/ligand complex in which the two oxygen and two nitrogen atoms of each bis(phosphoramidate) molecule satisfying the eight coordination sites of Th(IV) is found to be formed. The extracted white solid thorium complex is easily converted to ThO2after washing and heating at 1300 °C under O2atmosphere. This work is expected to find direct application in the thorium fuel cycle, especially in the mining process of thorium from its ores and in the separation of fissile 233U from fertile 232Th in irradiated fuel.

This study was conducted with the objective of evaluating different growth media and temperature regimes with respect to morpho-cultural parameters of Cercospora sojinaHara causing frogeye leaf spot of soybean. Nine solid culture media were studied at four different temperature regimes. Isolations were made from infected leaves of cv.Shivalik. Among all the tested media PCDA (Potato Cellulose Dextrose Agar), PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar), SLEA (Soybean Leaf Extract Agar) and FRA (Flat Rice Agar) exhibited best growth with respect to morpho-cultural characteristics of fungus including mycelia growth as well as sporulation. Among tested temperature regimes, the range of 20 º–25 ºCwas found suitable for the in vitro growth of the fungus, while 25 ºC was concluded as the optimum temperature. Amendment of best growth media with cellulose at concentrations i.e. 4 , 5 and 6 g were found significantly at par while concentration @ 4 g was concluded as the best. This study resulted in standardization of in-vitrogrowth condition for C. sojinawhich will be helpful in future to carry pathological as well as management studies.

AbstractThe aim of the present study is to fabricate the stable nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) using biocompatible excipients for the encapsulation of Methotrexate (MTX), a chemotherapeutic agent for breast cancer treatment. MTX has restricted clinical applications owing to its low solubility, non-specific targeting and adverse side effects. Glyceryl Monostearate (GMS) and Miglyol 812 (MI1) were chosen as solid and liquid lipids, respectively, for the fabrication of NLCs, and the influence of variation of solid and liquid composition was investigated. The prepared NLCs exhibited long-term stability and spherical shape morphology as characterized by electron microscopy. The internal structure of fabricated NLCs was arranged into cubic crystalline as confirmed by small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) analysis. MTX's encapsulation efficiency of ∼85 ± 0.9%. and sustained in vitrorelease of MTX ∼ 52% ± 3.0 in 24 h was achieved. Classical molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to study the structural stability of the MTX encapsulated NLCs. Hemolysis carried out on the NLCs showcased the biosafety of the formulation under the tolerance limit (<10%). Further, the MTT assay demonstrates that MTX-loaded NLCs exhibited toxicity against HeLa and MCF-7 cell lines as compared to blank NLCs. The finding demonstrates NLCs as promising vehicles for MTX delivery to address cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma

Research on corporate governance (CG) and social responsibility has yielded a wealth of information, but it is still unclear how these two concepts are intertwined in different institutional settings. Corporate governance and social responsibility (CSR) originated in Western nations, where both notions have evolved quickly over the last decade. SEM and partial least squares (PLS) were utilised to analyse the data in this investigation. The primary objective of good CG is to strike a healthy equilibrium between the competing demands of an organisation's many different types of stakeholders. The findings made it possible to shine light on areas in which there is room for development in terms of both sustainability and CG. There's a strong correlation between improved employee trust in CEOs and the adoption of corporate social responsibility (CSR) programmes. Additionally, studies have demonstrated that effective CG structures may help to regulate CEO behaviour in terms of CSR.

Phosphonates and carboxylates are two primitive functional groups omnipresent in nature, and they act as good chelators for metal ion binding. These two functional groups are always associated with dissociable protons in their acidic forms. Thus, their interactions are associated with protonation/deprotonation mechanisms. The present study was aimed at determining the thermodynamic parameters (log KP/pKa, ΔGP, ΔHP, and ΔSP) for the protonation of three aliphatic phosphonocarboxylates, namely, phosphonoformic acid (PFA), phosphonoacetic acid (PAA), and phosphonopropanoic acid (PPA), which differ in their spacer (connecting −CH2moiety) length. Potentiometric and isothermal titration calorimetric studies were employed to determine the protonation constants (log KP/pKa) and enthalpies (ΔHP) of the three phosphonocarboxylates. All of the acids have three protonation sites ranging in pKavalues from 1.8 to 7.4. The enthalpies of protonation are close to ±5 kJ/mol, except for the third protonation, and these protonations are mainly entropy-driven interactions. Density functional theory calculations were carried out to estimate interatomic distances and partial charges on all of the atoms to gain insights into the protonation mechanism at the molecular level. The predicted theoretical estimations followed the experimentally observed protonation trends.

Purpose: The International Journal of Organizational Analysis(IJOA) is a leading journal that has published high-quality research focused on various facets of organizational analysis since 1993. This paper aims to conduct a retrospective analysis of the IJOAjourney from 2005 to 2020. Design/methodology/approach: The data used in this study was extracted using the Scopus database. The bibliometric analysis, using several indicators, is adopted to reveal the major trends and themes of the journal. The mapping of bibliographic data is carried using VOSviewer and Biblioshiny. Findings: The study findings indicate that IJOAhas grown for publications and citations since its inception. Five significant research directions emerged, i.e. organizational diagnostics, organization citizenship behaviour, organizational commitment to employee retention, psychological capital and firm performance, based on cluster analysis of IJOA’s publications. Originality/value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of IJOA. The study presents the key themes and trends emerging from a leading journal, considered a high-quality journal, for researching various facets of organizational functioning by academicians, scholars and practitioners.

Wilt of sea buckthorn plants (Hippophae salicifolia) caused by Fusariumspp. has recently emerged as a substantial hitch in dry temperate zone of Himachal Pradesh. In the present study, symptomatology, morphology as well as molecular markers based identification concluded the cause of sea buckthorn wilt as Fusarium sporotrichioides. The test pathogen showed 100% homology with other reported F. sporotrichioidesisolates by rDNA analysis. This study on integration of morphological and microscopic methods along with PCR based identification could form the basis for routine diagnosis of the sea buckthorn wilt and these conclusions would be beneficial for sea buckthorn growers in the timely management of disease.

The use of inhibitors retain nitrogen as ammonium in soil, giving plants ample time for its uptake. This can reduce nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, but extended retention may increase ammonia (NH3) volatilization. This study assessed the efficacy of coated urea fertilizers in reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and NH3volatilization in rice fields. A field experiment with Pusa 44 rice in the kharif seasons of 2019 and 2020 compared unfertilized control (No N), prilled urea (PU), nitrification inhibitors (NIs): neem oil-coated urea (NCU), karanj oil-coated urea, and dual inhibitor (DI: Limus + NCU). The coated urea fertilizers were analysed with scanning electron microscopy, fourier transform infrared spectrometry, and energy-dispersive spectroscopy. Compared to PU, DI reduced N2O emissions by 23.7%, methane by 11.9%, and NH3by 29.8%. DI also reduced NH3emissions by 36–39% compared to other NIs. Overall, DI can lower the global warming potential of rice cultivation in trans Indo-Gangetic plains region by 17.1% for both direct and indirect emissions, suggesting its significant potential to reduce India's contribution to total agricultural GHG emissions.

•Biopolymers are potential substitute of non-biodegradable synthetic polymers.•Edible coating or wrapping acts as a protective layer on fruits and vegetables.•Dip-coating, spraying, and brushing are mainly employed for coating of food.•The postharvest shelf-life of fruits and vegetables can be prolonged by coating.

Kinnow mandarin is one of the most important citrus species cultivated in northern India. The graft transmissible pathogens viz., Indian citrus ringspot virus (ICRSV), Citrus yellow vein clearing virus (CYVCV) and Citrus greening bacterium (CGB) (CandidatusLiberibacter asiaticus; CLas) are causing qualitative and quantitative losses in Kinnow. Surveys were undertaken in 2018–19 of major citrus growing districts of Indian Punjab. Seventeen NHM certified, 2–4 star rated nurseries and 7 orchards were surveyed in Fazilka, Hoshiarpur and Sri Muktsar Sahib. Molecular indexing via PCR and RT-PCR was carried out on all the samples collected. RT-PCR results revealed that prevalence of ICRSV and CYVCV was 57.14 and 5% respectively in the surveyed districts. Citrus greening bacterium was reported to be around 54.28% prevalent. This study necessities the regular monitoring of nurseries to ensure distribution of disease free planting material.

Trials of lutetium prostate specific membrane antigen (PSMA) in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) have demonstrated good safety and efficacy, but combination strategies may improve outcomes. Idronoxil is a synthetic flavonoid derivative with radiosensitising properties.

Aim: To investigate and validate the potential target proteins for drug repurposing of newly FDA approved antibacterial drug. Background: Drug repurposing is the process of assigning indications for drugs other than the one(s) that they were initially developed for. Discovery of entirely new indications from already approved drugs is highly lucrative as it minimizes the pipeline of the drug development process by reducing time and cost. In silico driven technologies have made it possible to analyze molecules for different target proteins which are not yet explored. Objective: To analyze possible target proteins for drug repurposing of lefamulin and their validation. Also, in silico prediction of novel scaffolds from lefamulin has been performed for assisting medicinal chemists in future drug design. Methods: A similarity-based prediction tool was employed for predicting target protein and further investigated using docking studies on PDB ID: 2V16. Besides, various in silico tools were employed for the prediction of novel scaffolds from lefamulin using scaffold hopping technique followed by evaluation with various in silico parameters viz., ADME, synthetic accessibility and PAINS. Results: Based on the similarity and target prediction studies, renin is found as the most probable target protein for lefamulin. Further, validation studies using docking of lefamulin revealed the significant interactions of lefamulin with the binding pocket of the target protein. Also, three novel scaffolds were predicted using the scaffold hopping technique and found to be in the limit to reduce the chances of drug failure in the physiological system during the last stage approval process. Conclusion: In the future, lefamulin may assist in the development of the renin inhibitors, and also, three possible novel scaffolds with a good pharmacokinetic profile can be developed into renin inhibitors and for bacterial infections.

A library of chlorophenyl, thiophenyl, and biphenyl clubbed 3′,4,4′,5-tetrahydro-2′H-[1,3′-bipyrazole]-2′-carbaldehydes was produced via aldolic condensation followed by hetero-cyclization. Synthesized moieties were characterized by IR, 1H, and 13C-NMR spectral analysis. The molecular docking was conducted utilizing microbial target proteins, 1JX9, and 5C1P to explore the binding interactions of scaffolds. Analogues 4f, 4l, 4r, and 4x exhibited the best docking score of -10.3 kcal/mol with 1JX9 whereas scaffolds 4l and 4o showed maximum docking of -10.4 and -10.2 kcal/mol with target protein 5C1P. Further, scaffolds 4f, 4I, 4l, 4o, 4u, and 4v showed excellent (pMIC: 1.92 µM/mL) antibacterial activity against S. aureus, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosawhereas; analogues 4c, 4l, 4o, 4r, and 4v exhibited admirable (pMIC: 1.92 µM/mL) antifungal activity against R. oryzaefungal strain. Also, analogues were tested for their radical scavenging ability and 4a, 4g, 4i, 4p, and 4x exhibited good antioxidant activity with 4i standing out as a propitious scaffold with 93.25 % radical scavenging activity. SAR study revealed that biphenyl, 4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl, and thiophenyl moieties on the bipyrazole-carbaldehyde scaffold are accountable for virtuous antibacterial, antifungal, and antioxidant activity, respectively. Further in-silico ADME, pharmacokinetic, and toxicity properties were studied, forecasting less-toxic analogues (300 < LD50≤ 5000). These findings collectively underscore the potential of the synthesized compounds, with 4l, 4o, 4v and 4x standing out as particularly promising candidates for further exploration.

The Woodward–Hoffmann rules predict whether concerted pericyclic reactions are allowed or forbidden based on the number of electrons involved and whether the cyclic orbital overlap involves suprafacial or antarafacial orbital overlap. Pseudopericyclic reactions constitute a third class of reactions in which orthogonal orbitals make them orbital symmetry allowed, regardless of the number of electrons involved in the reaction. Based on the recent report of eight-centered ester rearrangements, it is predicted that the isoelectronic eight-centered rearrangements of imidates would also be allowed. We now report that these rearrangements occur, and indeed, an eight-centered rearrangement is slightly favored in at least one case over the well-known six-centered Overman rearrangements, in a trichloroacetimidoylcyclohexadienone, a molecular system where both rearrangements are possible.

Background: Surgery is the art of treating lesions and malformations of the human body, which involves various surgical techniques. Various classes of drugs are being used in the surgery but unfortunately, the drug utilization pattern of these drugs particularly in developing countries like India, is still unsatisfactory. Thus, there is a need to conduct drug utilization studies of various medicines used in the surgical department. Objective: The main objective of the current study was to evaluate the drug utilization pattern of pre and post-operative medicines used in surgery to promote the rational use of medicines. Materials and Methods: A prospective observational study was carried out over a period of 6 months (November 2017 to April 2018) at Global Hospital, Jalandhar, Punjab, India. A consent form was designed and filled by the patients after explaining the aims and objectives of the study. The Case Record Form (CRF) was designed to collect all the relevant information from the surgery patients. Results: A total of 271 cases have been reported and evaluated. 58.0% of patients were female and 42.0% of patients were male. The most common surgery was nailing, plating and knee replacement. In pre and post-operative procedures, the most common medicines prescribed were a combination of antimicrobials and antacids, followed by anti-emetics and analgesics. Conclusion: The prescribed medicines were less from the National Essential Medical List (EML) which should be increased in the future.

N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)iminodiacetic acid (HEIDA-H2) is one of the major chelating agents present in the mixed nuclear waste of the Hanford site. The complexation of thorium with HEIDA-H2in aqueous medium was investigated to understand the capability of HEIDA-H2to affect the migration of actinides from the waste storage sites. The present studies aimed at determining the thermodynamic parameters of Th(IV)–HEIDA complexes to know the speciation, stability (log K) and strength of bond formations (enthalpy and entropy changes) by potentiometric and calorimetric titrations, respectively. Thorium forms ML, ML2and ML3complexes with HEIDA. The obtained log Kvalues 11.25 ± 0.10, 9.24 ± 0.10, and 8.1 ± 0.10, are higher than the complexes of thorium with monodenatate ligands (simple carboxylates), bidentate ligands (aminomonocarboxylates, dicarboxylates), and heterodicarboxylates. The very high entropy values of the Th(IV)–HEIDA complexes in comparison to the Th(IV) complexes with structurally similar ligands reflects the stronger complexation of Th with HEIDA over others. HEIDA acts as a tridentate ligand forming two five-membered chelates through the two carboxylate oxygens and the nitrogen with thorium, while the hydroxyethl group was found to enhance the stabilization by indirect participation. Density functional theory was used to optimize the geometries and to determine the thermodynamic parameters, bond distances and partial charges on individual atoms for the experimentally predicted complexes. The theoretical predictions are found to be in agreement with the experimental observations.

1,5-Benzodiazepines are considered some of the most vital classes of heterocyclic compounds due to their amazing biological and varied pharmacological activities. They are regarded as privileged structures and therefore have been striking synthetic targets for organic and medicinal chemists over the last decade. This results in the exploration of various silica supported catalysts, Lewis acids, organoacids, magnetic nanoparticles and other miscellaneous catalysts that have been investigated till date for an efficient and green synthesis of 1,5-benzodiazepine and its derivatives. The current review article primarily covers the one-pot green chemical synthesis of 1,5- benzodiazepines using various novel catalysts. The main motive of this review is the assessment of the literature on various catalysts along with their yield, reaction condition, and mechanism of action. In the end, the entire catalysts are structured systematically into various Lewis acids, Bronsted organoacids, supported catalysts, nanocatalysts, and miscellaneous catalysts and are presented in the form of tables for quick ‘at a glance’ study of catalysts, their reaction condition, time taken, etc.

Our research has been clear that the best way to resolve the issue is by improving employee experience (EX), which strengthens employee loyalty and, as a result, resilience and continuity. Use personas and journeys to customize EX Our analysis defined nine primary employee journeys and found that six have an outsize influence on whether employees join or stay in an organization (Exhibit 1). [Extracted from the article]

Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Material and Methods Results Discusison References Abstract A common drawback of propofol is pain on injection and lignocaine is commonly mixed with propofol to reduce [...]

Table of Contents Abstract Introduction Material and Methods Results Discusison References Abstract A common drawback of propofol is pain on injection and lignocaine is commonly mixed with propofol to reduce [...]

ABSTRACTMuskmelon is a warm season old-world cucurbit species which belongs to family Cucurbitaceae. It has served as a wonder crop since ancient times, as the leaves and seeds of it are used to treat hematoma, and the stems to reduce hypertension. For decades, it has played key roles in the field of plant molecular biology and plant physiology, serving as an excellent model plant for investigating the phenomenon of sex determination and ripening processes. Elite varieties of melons carrying the wide potential to serve as more demanding to end user and against tolerance to drought condition and inferior lands, or diseases have been developed. Plant-breeding methods (conventional or molecular breeding) and transgenic technology are the only tools left, with which we can deploy to regenerate the elite varieties in melon fruits to meet the global demand for next decades. The development of plant biotechnological tools for melons offers the prospect to develop new varieties, more rapidly, avoiding natural genetic barriers. The use of these methods has extended to increase the genetic diversity by somatic hybridisation or gene transfer and to optimise conventional breeding programmes. In this review, we have focused on the status of crop improvement in muskmelon since a period of time for different traits like quality improvement, sex expression as well as resistances against biotic and abiotic stresses.

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs, involved in regulation of post-transcriptional gene expression. They exert key role not only in physiology and normal development of the cardiovascular system but also in cardiovascular disease development and progression. Recent animal and human studies of tissue specific miRNAs have suggested a role in structural and electrical remodeling in atrial fibrillation (AF). Their emerging role as biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets in patients with AF is discussed in this review.

The proportion of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) circulating in the free form can help to differentiate prostate cancer from benign prostate disease. In this paper, novel highly specific single-chain antibody (scAb) fragments were conjugated to magnetic particles (MPs) for the recognition and magnetic separation of free PSA (fPSA). A sandwich-type immunoassay method was developed, in which fPSA was captured by the scAb-conjugated MPs and labelled by a secondary antibody, conjugated to horseradish peroxidase (HRP) enzyme. The biosensor was constructed on carbon screen-printed electrodes (SPEs) modified with magnetic particles for increased surface area and fast reaction kinetics, thus enhancing binding capacity. The amperometric response was measured at −0.15 V, using hydrogen peroxide as the HRP substrate and hydroquinone (HQ) as the electrochemical mediator. The magneto-immunosensor demonstrated a sensitivity of 0.5 ng mL−1, with a linear detection range up to 10 ng mL−1of fPSA.

AbstractIn traditional verification environment, hardware and software involve isolated design and verification. Due to the demise of Moore's law, the processor's frequency is no longer increasing. This demise of Moore's law and time-to-market pressures drive the wave of new technology where hardware and software are tightly integrated. This is done in order to increase the speed of computation. Moreover, in domains like Data Analytics, data has to be processed in real time and that too at low latency. Solarflare's Application On-load Engine (AOE) represents a platform where an FPGA processing engine integrates with a low latency server for applications that require real time and low latency of data processing. This is where co-verification provides a solution for integration of hardware and software. Universal Verification Methodology (UVM) doesn't support co-verification and uses Direct Programming Interface (DPI) for co-simulation. Vlang, which is built on the top of D, a systems programming language, has complete implementation of UVM version 1.2. In co-verification, emulation of software is run along with the hardware verification where, software is emulated separately on Instruction Set Simulator (ISS).

Open-shell singlet biradicaloids are short-lived intermediates, but they exhibit fascinating properties for spin-based devices. Therefore, understanding the nature of their electronic structure and stability is critical for harnessing them in optoelectronic or spintronic devices. Toward this goal, we have synthesized a series of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based quinoidal molecules to investigate the contribution and relative importance of the biradical form on the ground-state electronic structure and distribution of spin density. Possibility of crossover from a closed-shell to an open-shell structure with increase in the CC/C–C conjugation length was investigated. The ground-state properties were systematically investigated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and electrochemical studies. Furthermore, n-doping has been carried out in solution at ambient conditions to understand the nature of doped species and demonstrate air stability. Doped species were probed by UV–visible and electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to unambiguously establish the generation of anionic species in solution. Experimental results are complemented by theoretical calculations to provide insight into the trend toward biradicaloid spin states with increasing conjugation length.

Moringa oleifera (MO), which belongs to the family Moringaceae, is a significant medicinal plant that is also one of the species farmed in the greatest quantity worldwide. All its components, including its leaves, roots, seeds, flowers, bark, stems, and green pods, have a wide range of medicinal properties and are exceptionally high in nutritional content. Some of the important medicinal properties of the plant include anticancer, antiasthmatic, antipyretic, antiepileptic, anti-inflammatory, antiulcerative, cholesterol- lowering, antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, diuretic, CNS depressant, antibacterial, antifungal, anthelmintic, antibiotic, analgesic, antimalarial, antispasmodic, etc. Its nutritional value is attributed to the presence of proteins, carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins, amino acids, α-carotene, and various phenolic compounds. The purpose of this review is to present a synopsis of the ethnobotany, nutritive, and phytochemical profiles of various parts as well as the pharmacological properties of MO, with a particular emphasis on the several processes that are responsible for its multispectral activity. Additionally, it highlights studies on the safety profile, medication interactions, and relevant clinical trials. MO is used in pharmaceutics as an active extract in metallic nanoparticles and as an excipient in different pharmaceutical products. Other applications related to its water-purifying features, such as biodiesel, biogas, and biopesticide, are also discussed in the present article. Thus, the review provides necessary information proving that each part of MO has beneficial effects, and the plant can be studied extensively for many research aspects.

The most effective approach to mitigate the toxic effects of internal exposure of radiometals to humans is metal–ligand (ML) chelation therapy. Thorium (Th)-induced carcinogenesis as well as other health hazards to humans as a result of chronic internal exposure necessitates the development of efficient Th-decorporating agents. In this regard, chemical and biological studies were carried out to evaluate N-(2-Acetamido)iminodiacetic acid (ADA), a comparatively cost-effective, readily available, and biologically safe complexing agent for Th decorporation. In the present work, detailed thermodynamic studies for complexation of ADA with Th(IV) have been carried out to understand Th-ADA interaction, using potentiometry, calorimetry, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, and theoretical studies, followed by its biological assessment for Th decorporation. Thermodynamic studies revealed the formation of strong Th-ADA complexes, which are enthalpically as well as entropically favored. Interestingly, density functional theory calculations, to obtain a thermodynamically favored mode of coordination, showed the uncommon trend of lower denticity of ADA in ML than in ML2, which has been explained on the basis of stabilization of ML by hydrogen bonding. The same was also reflected in the unusual trend of enthalpy for Th-ADA complexes. Biological experiments using human erythrocytes, whole human blood, and lung cells showed good cytocompatibility and ability of ADA to significantly prevent Th-induced hemolysis. Th removal of ADA from erythrocytes, human blood, and normal lung cells was found to be comparable with that of diethylenetriamine pentaacetate (DTPA), an FDA approved decorporating agent. The present study contributed significant data about Th complexation chemistry of ADA and its Th decorporation efficacy from human erythrocytes, blood, and lung cells.