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Despite significantly improved clinical outcomes in EGFR-mutant lung adenocarcinoma, all patients develop acquired resistance and malignancy on the treatment of EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs). Understanding the resistance mechanisms is crucial to uncover novel therapeutic targets to improve the efficacy of EGFR-TKI treatment. Here, integrated analysis using RNA-Seq and shRNAs metabolic screening reveals glutathione S-transferase omega 1 (GSTO1) as one of the key metabolic enzymes that is required for EGFR-TKIs resistance in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Aberrant upregulation of GSTO1 confers EGFR-TKIs resistance and tumor metastasis in vitro and in vivo dependent on its active-site cysteine 32 (C32). Pharmacological inhibition or knockdown of GSTO1 restores sensitivity to EGFR-TKIs and synergistically enhances tumoricidal effects. Importantly, nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) cysteine 104 is deglutathionylated by GSTO1 through its active C32 site, which leads to activation of the AKT/NF-κB signaling pathway. In addition, clinical data illustrates that GSTO1 level is positively correlated with NPM1 level, NF-κB-mediated transcriptions and progression of human lung adenocarcinoma. Overall, our study highlights a novel mechanism of GSTO1 mediating EGFR-TKIs resistance and malignant progression via protein deglutathionylation, and GSTO1/NPM1/AKT/NF-κB axis as a potential therapeutic vulnerability in lung adenocarcinoma.

Nonfactoid question answering (QA) is one of the most extensive yet challenging applications and research areas in natural language processing (NLP). Existing methods fall short of handling the long-distance and complex semantic relations between the question and the document sentences. In this work, we propose a novel query-focused summarization method, namely a graph-enhanced multihop query-focused summarizer (GMQS), to tackle the nonfactoid QA problem. Specifically, we leverage graph-enhanced reasoning techniques to elaborate the multihop inference process in nonfactoid QA. Three types of graphs with different semantic relations, namely semantic relevance, topical coherence, and coreference linking, are constructed for explicitly capturing the question-document and sentence-sentence interrelationships. Relational graph attention network (RGAT) is then developed to aggregate the multirelational information accordingly. In addition, the proposed method can be adapted to both extractive and abstractive applications as well as be mutually enhanced by joint learning. Experimental results show that the proposed method consistently outperforms both existing extractive and abstractive methods on two nonfactoid QA datasets, WikiHow and PubMedQA, and possesses the capability of performing explainable multihop reasoning.

Synthetic lethality has recently emerged as a new approach for the treatment of mutated genes that were previously considered undruggable. Targeting methionine adenosyltransferase 2A (MAT2A) in cancers with deletion of the methylthioadenosine phosphorylase (MTAP) gene leads to synthetic lethality and thus has attracted significant interest in the field of precise anticancer drug development. Herein, we report the discovery of a series of novel MAT2A inhibitors featuring a pyrazolo[3,4-c]quinolin-4-one skeleton based on structure-based drug design. Further optimization led to compound 39, which has a high potency for inhibiting MAT2A and a remarkable selectivity for MTAP-deleted cancer cell lines. Compound 39has a favorable pharmacokinetic profile with high plasma exposure and oral bioavailability, and it exhibits significant efficacy in xenograft MTAP-depleted models. Moreover, 39demonstrates excellent brain exposure with a Kpuuof 0.64 in rats.

Low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS) thin‐film transistor devices can be used as core components of pixel driving circuits for active matrix organic light‐emitting displays （AMOLED）. Poly silicon (P‐Si) film and device performance directly affects the display effect. This paper investigates polysilicon grain boundary reduction for LTPS devices on PI substrates, exploring the effects of grain boundary reduction on LTPS devices and image sticking. Reduction of polysilicon grain boundaries through optimization of a‐Si deposition process, a‐Si two‐step deposition and excimer laser annealing (ELA) doublescan process, ELA double‐scan process reduces grain boundaries by 67 %. We prepared LTPS devices with thinner gate interlayers (GI) based on P‐Si grain boundary reduction, LTPS devices with positive threshold voltage bias and increased mobility, AMOLED displays with thinner GI can have 23% better image sticking.

Acrylic photoresist could be applied as a functional layer for OLED display, and it is required to be fabricated mainly on the hybrid substrate of metal and inorganic silicide substrate or the polymer substrate. Through simulation, this paper concludes that moderately increasing the silane coupling agent content and moderate crosslinking degree of the material system could contribute to improving the adhesion force at the interface between acrylic photoresist and substrate, thereby avoiding peeling. Four acrylic photoresists named OC1‐4 with different formula are introduced, their adhesion force and peeling performances on different substrates are researched. The experimental results are consistent with that of simulation. Among them, OC1&4 with high content of silane coupling agent did not exhibit peeling on the hybrid substrate and polymer substrate, and their adhesion forces are large enough, making them suitable as functional layers for OLED display.

COE (Color on Encapsulation) technology is a new technology that uses CF (color films) and BM (black matrix) structures to replace the polarizer. It has the advantages of low power consumption and the thin film layer, and is an emerging technology in the field of OLED displays. Due to the high transmittance of CF and the fact that OLED film pattern structure, COE technology has the disadvantage of the obvious reflection diffraction. Based on the finite difference time domain method, the paper studies the film factors of OLED, and summarizes the main factors that affect diffraction. According to the simulation results, the diffraction phenomenon of COE technology was significantly improved by optimizing the OLED film layer parameters.

Acrylic photoresist could be applied as a functional layer for OLED display, and it is required to be fabricated mainly on the hybrid substrate of metal and inorganic silicide substrate or the polymer substrate. Through simulation, this paper concludes that moderately increasing the silane coupling agent content and moderate crosslinking degree of the material system could contribute to improving the adhesion force at the interface between acrylic photoresist and substrate, thereby avoiding peeling. Four acrylic photoresists named OC1‐4 with different formula are introduced, their adhesion force and peeling performances on different substrates are researched. The experimental results are consistent with that of simulation. Among them, OC1&4 with high content of silane coupling agent did not exhibit peeling on the hybrid substrate and polymer substrate, and their adhesion forces are large enough, making them suitable as functional layers for OLED display.

Inadequate T cell activation has severely limited the success of T cell engager (TCE) therapy, especially in solid tumors. Enhancing T cell activity while maintaining the tumor specificity of TCEs is the key to improving their clinical efficacy. However, currently, there needs to be more effective strategies in clinical practice. Here, we design novel superantigen-fused TCEs that display robust tumor antigen-mediated T cell activation effects. These innovative drugs are not only armed with the powerful T cell activation ability of superantigens but also retain the dependence of TCEs on tumor antigens, realizing the ingenious combination of the advantages of two existing drugs. Superantigen-fused TCEs have been preliminarily proven to have good (>30-fold more potent) and specific (>25-fold more potent) antitumor activity in vitroand in vivo. Surprisingly, they can also induce the activation of T cell chemotaxis signals, which may promote T cell infiltration and further provide an additional guarantee for improving TCE efficacy in solid tumors. Overall, this proof-of-concept provides a potential strategy for improving the clinical efficacy of TCEs.

Tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) sensors have shown the capability of operating in weak magnetic fields. However, the environmental magnetic noise limits their applications in open field detection. This article proposes a novel background noise cancellation method based on a backpropagation (BP) neural network for TMR sensor arrays. According to simulation results, the BP-based noise reduction method can eliminate background noise more effectively than the traditional coherence coefficient method. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the sensor can, thus, be improved by over 20 dB, especially when detecting extremely low SNR signals. This algorithm is demonstrated using a TMR sensor array, which shows a capability of greatly enhancing the sensor array’s limit of detection in open field testing.

The variations in the mechanical and magnetic properties of cold-rolled 20Mn23AlV non-magnetic structural steel after annealing at different temperatures were investigated. The microstructure and precipitation changes during annealing were studied by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The results show that recrystallization completed after annealing at 620 °C, resulting in grain sizes of approximately 800 nm and the best combination of strength and plasticity. The yield-to-tensile ratio of the non-magnetic structural steel after cold rolling continuously decreases from low to high temperatures after annealing, with the highest value being 0.89 and the lowest value being 0.43, indicating a wide range of yield-to-tensile ratio adjustment. The introduction of numerous dislocations during cold rolling provided favorable nucleation sites for precipitation, leading to abundant precipitation of the fine second-phase V(C, N). The phase composition of the samples remained unchanged as single-phase austenite after annealing, and the relative permeability values were calculated to be less than 1.002, meeting the requirements for non-magnetic steel in terms of magnetic properties.

Approximation models play a crucial role in model-based methods, as they enhance both accuracy and computational efficiency. This article studies distributed and asynchronous discretized models to approach continuous-time nonlinear systems. The considered continuous-time system consists of some distributed but physically coupled nonlinear subsystems that exchange information. We propose two Lebesgue approximation models (LAMs): 1) the unconditionally triggered LAM (CT-LAM) and 2) the CT-LAM. In both approaches, a specific LAM approximates an individual subsystem. The iteration of each LAM is triggered by either itself or its neighbors. The collection of different LAMs executing asynchronously together form the approximation of the overall distributed continuous-time system. The aperiodic nature of LAMs allows for a reduction in the number of iterations in the approximation process, particularly when the system has slow dynamics. The difference between the unconditionally and CT-LAMs is that the latter checks an “importance” condition, further reducing the computational effort in individual LAMs. Furthermore, the proposed LAMs are analyzed by constructing a distributed event-triggered system which is proved to have the same state trajectories as the LAMs with linear interpolation. Through this specific event-triggered system, we derive conditions on the quantization sizes in LAMs to ensure asymptotic stability of the LAMs, boundedness of the state errors, and prevention of Zeno behavior. Finally, simulations are carried out on a quarter-car suspension system to show the advantage and efficiency of the proposed approaches.

Most cases of herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) remain unexplained1,2. Here, we report on two unrelated people who had HSE as children and are homozygous for rare deleterious variants of TMEFF1, which encodes a cell membrane protein that is preferentially expressed by brain cortical neurons. TMEFF1 interacts with the cell-surface HSV-1 receptor NECTIN-1, impairing HSV-1 glycoprotein D- and NECTIN-1-mediated fusion of the virus and the cell membrane, blocking viral entry. Genetic TMEFF1 deficiency allows HSV-1 to rapidly enter cortical neurons that are either patient specific or derived from CRISPR–Cas9-engineered human pluripotent stem cells, thereby enhancing HSV-1 translocation to the nucleus and subsequent replication. This cellular phenotype can be rescued by pretreatment with type I interferon (IFN) or the expression of exogenous wild-type TMEFF1. Moreover, ectopic expression of full-length TMEFF1 or its amino-terminal extracellular domain, but not its carboxy-terminal intracellular domain, impairs HSV-1 entry into NECTIN-1-expressing cells other than neurons, increasing their resistance to HSV-1 infection. Human TMEFF1 is therefore a host restriction factor for HSV-1 entry into cortical neurons. Its constitutively high abundance in cortical neurons protects these cells from HSV-1 infection, whereas inherited TMEFF1 deficiency renders them susceptible to this virus and can therefore underlie HSE.

The brain is highly sensitive to damage caused by infection and inflammation1,2. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus and the cause of herpes simplex encephalitis3. It is unknown whether neuron-specific antiviral factors control virus replication to prevent infection and excessive inflammatory responses, hence protecting the brain. Here we identify TMEFF1 as an HSV-1 restriction factor using genome-wide CRISPR screening. TMEFF1 is expressed specifically in neurons of the central nervous system and is not regulated by type I interferon, the best-known innate antiviral system controlling virus infections. Depletion of TMEFF1 in stem-cell-derived human neurons led to elevated viral replication and neuronal death following HSV-1 infection. TMEFF1 blocked the HSV-1 replication cycle at the level of viral entry through interactions with nectin-1 and non-muscle myosin heavy chains IIA and IIB, which are core proteins in virus–cell binding and virus–cell fusion, respectively4–6. Notably, Tmeff1−/−mice exhibited increased susceptibility to HSV-1 infection in the brain but not in the periphery. Within the brain, elevated viral load was observed specifically in neurons. Our study identifies TMEFF1 as a neuron-specific restriction factor essential for prevention of HSV-1 replication in the central nervous system.

The application of in-band full-duplex (IBFD) integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) systems for higher spectral efficiency and lower sensing latency has received increasing interest in recent years. In the IBFD mode, however, the transmitted signal causes severe interference at the receiver. This paper proposes a novel low-complexity frequency-domain differential interference cancellation (F-DIC) scheme for IBFD orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) ISAC systems. Without the need for channel state information (CSI), the proposed F-DIC method cancels the static interference and extracts the moving target echo signals by leveraging the invariant property of the interference. After the residual interference evaluation of the proposed method, the interference cancellation ratio of the F-DIC scheme is analyzed, and a closed-form formula of the target detection probability under the Neyman-Pearson (NP) criterion for OFDM ISAC systems based on the proposed scheme is also derived. Simulation results show that the proposed F-DIC method with promising low computational complexity performs similarly compared with the conventional frequency-domain interference cancellation method based on least squares (LS) and recursive least squares (RLS) algorithms.

Introduction:The progression patterns, dispositions, and outcomes of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who achieved durable responses with immunotherapy remain poorly characterized. Methods:Patients with advanced HCC who received immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)-based immunotherapy and achieved durable responses were retrospectively included. A durable response was defined as partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD) per RECIST 1.1 for more than 8 months after initiation of immunotherapy. Oligoprogression and polyprogression were defined as progression at ≤3 and 3 lesions, respectively. Results:A total of 91 durable responders (63 PR and 28 SD) were identified. The majority had chronic viral hepatitis (n= 69, 75.8%). Forty-seven (51.6%) and 44 (48.4%) patients received the index immunotherapy as first-line and second- or beyond-line therapy, respectively. Fifty-four (59.3%) patients subsequently developed progression, with a predominant pattern of oligoprogression (66.7%). The median overall survival (OS) was 46.2 months (95% CI: 34.1–58.3). For patients with subsequent progression, employment of locoregional therapy (LRT) for progression was associated with prolonged OS (univariate analysis: hazard ratio [HR] 0.397, p= 0.009; multivariate analysis: HR 0.363, p= 0.050). Patients with oligoprogression who received LRT showed longer median OS than those who did not (48.4 vs. 20.5 months, p 0.001). In contrast, the median OS of patients with polyprogression who received LRT was not different from those without LRT (27.7 vs. 25.5 months, p= 0.794). Conclusion:Approximately 60% of the post-immunotherapy durable responders of HCC subsequently develop progression. Proactive LRT may further rescue patients who develop subsequent oligoprogression. Prospective studies are mandatory to clarify the proper management of durable responders with subsequent progression.

First, state estimation for Boolean networks (BNs) with Markov jump parameters (MJPs) is studied in this article. Using semi-tensor product of matrices, the algebraic form of the considered BN with MJPs is constructed. State estimation and mode estimation algorithms based on the output feedback values are presented respectively for the two cases where the output of the observer is deterministic and contains perturbation. Precisely, a recursive matrix-based algorithm, Algorithm 1, is presented to predict the forward state based on minimizing the mean square error. Further, with the help of Bayes Theorem, the optimal system mode estimation is solved and Algorithm 2 is presented to show how to estimate the optimal one from all candidate modes. Finally, a BN with MJPs is constructed from network p53-MDM2 and the simulation process shows that the results obtained in this article is effective.

Question generation (QG) aims to automatically generate fluent and relevant questions, where the two most mainstream directions are generating questions from unstructured contextual texts (CQG), such as news articles, and generating questions from structured factoid texts (FQG), such as knowledge graphs or tables. Existing methods for these two tasks mainly face challenges of limited internal structural information as well as scarce background information, while these two tasks can benefit each other for alleviating these issues. For example, when meeting the entity mention “United Kingdom” in CQG, it can be inferred that it is a country in European continent based on the structural knowledge “(Europe, countries_within, United Kingdom)” in FQG. And when meeting the entity “Houston Rockets” in FQG, more background information, such as “an American professional basketball team based in Houston since 1971”, can be found in the related passages of CQG. To this end, we propose a unified framework for the tasks of CQG and FQG, where: (i) two types of task-sharing modules are developed to learn shared contextual and structural knowledge, where the task format is unified with a pseudo passage reformulation strategy; (ii) for the CQG task, a task-specific knowledge module with a knowledge selection and aggregation mechanism is introduced, so as to incorporate more factoid knowledge from external knowledge graphs and alleviate the word ambiguity problem; and (iii) for the FQG task, a task-specific passage module with a multi-level passage fusion mechanism is designed to extract fine-grained word-level knowledge. Experimental results in both automatic and human evaluation show the effectiveness of our proposed method.

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is regarded as an important risk factor for obesity-related diseases. The results of the association between VAT and total testosterone (TT) are controversial and whether this association is nonlinear is still unknown. 3971 male participants who were aged 20–59 years from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2011–2016 were included. VAT area was measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry. TT in serum was assessed utilizing the isotope dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. Linear regression models assessed the associations between VAT area and TT. A restricted cubic spline model was employed to investigate nonlinear relationships. A two-piecewise linear regression model was applied to determine the threshold effect. Subgroup analyses were conducted. The weighted methods were utilized in all analyses. VAT area was inversely associated with TT in the crude and adjusted models. In the fully adjusted model, VAT area was associated with TT (β = −0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.74, −0.43) and compared to the first tertile of VAT area, the second and the third tertile had a lower TT level, the β and 95% CI = −65.49 (−83.72, −47.25) and −97.57 (−121.86, −73.27) respectively. We found these inverse associations were nonlinear. The cutoff point of the VAT area was 126 cm2. When the VAT area was <126 cm2, VAT area was significantly associated with a lower TT level (β = −1.55, 95% CI = −1.93 to −1.17, p< 0.0001). However, when the VAT area was ≥126 cm2, this association was less apparent (β = −0.26, 95% CI = −0.52 to 0.01, p= 0.06). No significant interactions among different ages (<50 or ≥50 years), marital, and physical activity status were found. These findings underscore the potential for VAT area as a modifiable indicator for improving testosterone deficiency.

In this work, we report a systematic investigation of low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon (LTPS)‐based driving backboard of electronic paper. Firstly, LTPS‐based thin film transistors (TFTs) with extremely low off‐state leakage current at a large gate‐source voltage (VGS) of 30 V were obtained through detailed explorations of low‐temperature polycrystalline silicon technology. Meanwhile, the high on‐state current of LTPS‐TFTs also meet the requirements of fast signal writing to the storage capacitor due to their extremely high field‐effect mobility (~100 cm2/V*s), making it possible to fabricate TFT devices with relatively small width/length ratios (W/L) to minimize feed‐through to the full extent.

This paper proposes a gate driver circuit for the implementation of multi‐region and multi‐refresh rates. A distinctive feature of this proposed circuit is the integration of a separate control block into the existing gate driver circuit. Another is the utilization of CMOS (a combination of n‐type IGZO and p‐type LTPS) to enhance circuit reliability and reduce power consumption. This gate driver circuit can be applied to an LTPO based pixel circuit which can be using with a variable refresh rate and implemented multi‐zone and multi‐refresh rates. Through circuit simulations, the paper verifies the successful operation of multi‐refresh rates based on control signals and establishes a reduction in clock power consumption. Consequently, the proposed gate driver circuit stands as a solution for achieving high resolution and low power consumption in displays.

In the fabrication of flexible a‐IGZO and LTPS thin film transistor (TFT) hybrid backplane, various threshold voltage (Vth) of the a‐IGZO TFT was achieved in this paper by regulating the O2/Ar ratio during the deposition of a‐IGZO film by sputtering. The results show that the Vth increases with the increase of the O2/Ar ratio, and the reliability tests indicate that in a certain range negative adjustment of Vth can significantly improve the positive bias temperature instability (PBTI) of IGZO TFT, and maintain good electrical uniformity. The increase of the O2/Ar ratio reduces the number of oxygen vacancy (Vo) in the a‐IGZO channel, and thereby Vth is positively shifted, which is confirmed by the TCAD simulation. The Vth value can indicate the Vo concentration in a‐IGZO TFT channel partly, and appropriately higher amount of Vo is beneficial to improve the PBTI, which is attributed to Fermi level (EF) shifting closer to conduction band. Raised EF means less unoccupied trap states, resulting in less carrier trapping under PBTI. Furthermore, the research also explores different a‐IGZO channel thicknesses and finds that when the Vth values are similar, thinner channel layers endow a‐IGZO TFT with improved PBTI. By optimizing the Vth and channel thickness, a‐IGZO TFTs with a channel thickness of 25nm and a Vth value of 0.2V have been prepared in a hybrid backplane. Under positive bias temperature stress for 5 hours, the Vth is positively shifted less than 0.5 V, which could lay the foundation for achieving high‐reliability flexible backplane for AMOLEDs.

This paper addresses the mechanism of the back‐channel effect on TFTs (Thin Film Transistors) and proposes novel methods for characterizing and improving the stability of driving TFT devices, including back‐channel and back‐voltage testing. In comparison to routine sticking image and negative bias temperature stress testing, our methods aim to minimize the impact of intrinsic material fluctuations, allowing for independent measurement of the back‐channel effect on TFT device electrical characteristics. We also offer an enhanced option (N2 Plasma treatment of PI surface), that have been used for better the performance of products.

The study investigated the variations in luminance of active‐matrix organic light‐emitting diodes (AMOLED) when viewed at small angles, employing different micro lens arrangements. By examining the micro lens array (MLA) structure, we analyzed how luminance behaves at various angles. Concurrently, we explored the alignment of red, green, and blue (R/G/B) pixel apertures with the micro lens placement, aiming to achieve precise luminance modulation for acute viewing angles. Initially, micro lens arrays are crafted by utilizing materials with varying refractive indices above the pixel aperture, ensuring total internal reflection of light at thejunction between materials of high and low refractive indices. This arrangement also alters the emission angle of light. Within this architecture, the critical angle — determined by the disparity in refractive indices — and the variance in the angle at the reflective interface are crucial in influencing light emission reflection. Furthermore, we explored how the spacing of graphic openings with low refractive indices influences the angle of light emission. This spacing affects the reflection angle, as it is not produced by a singular interface but rather by a composite of multiple angles. The size of the pixel apertures and the spacing of these openings cause the point of total internal reflection to vary, altering the deflection angle of light. Thus, the design of pixel openings and the external expansion is crucial to controlling the light emission angle. Lastly, we examined the influence of the reflective interface and the external expansion design on the light output angle. This analysis highlighted the enhancement of light output at narrow angles and provided strategies to minimize luminance fluctuations at such angles, contributing to the development of high‐precision luminance control in AMOLED displays.

The module stack of trifold display was simulated and G‐type trifold modules were prepared. Surface waviness and mechanical properties were tested under room temperature. Cycle folding reliability of both in‐folding and out‐folding was tested simultaneously under room temperature, 60°/90% and ‐20° test environment (RA test). Waviness and reliability improvement of the G‐type trifold display by optimizing test jig, module material and stack. Finally, the failure of module peeling problem during cycle folding test under room temperature was analyzed.

In various countries worldwide, the issue of wastewater contamination poses a significant threat due to its intricate composition of heavy metals, organic dyes, and microorganisms, thereby complicating the purification process. Consequently, researchers have expressed considerable interest in materials capable of eliminating organic, heavy metal, and microbial pollutants. This study focuses on the fabrication of a water purification membrane (PDA/ZnO-NWs/PVDF) with a hierarchical structure and the ability to remove multiple pollutants. The membrane was created by modifying poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) nanofiber with zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO-NWs) and reinforcing it with polydopamine (PDA). The experimental results demonstrate that the PDA/ZnO-NWs/PVDF membrane exhibits a range of functionalities, including long-lasting superhydrophilicity, Cu(II) adsorption, photocatalytic degradation, and antibacterial ability. The manipulation of the DA synthesis procedure allows for the adjustment of the wettability, adsorption, and photocatalytic and antibacterial activities of the PDA/ZnO-NWs/PVDF composite. According to the Langmuir isotherm, the maximum Cu(II) adsorption capacity of the PDA/ZnO-NWs/PVDF membrane is determined to be 65.75 mg/g, which is significantly higher (27.26 mg/g) than that of the ZnO-NWs/PVDF membrane (38.49 mg/g). The PDA/ZnO-NWs/PVDF composite exhibited a notable degradation capacity toward rhodamine B under natural sunlight, reaching a maximum of 5.97 mg/g. Additionally, the degradation rate achieved during daylight hours was as high as 90.42%. Furthermore, the antibacterial efficacy of the PDA/ZnO-NWs/PVDF composite against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria approached 100%. This work presents a promising approach for the treatment of wastewater containing various coexisting contaminants.

Entity Set Expansion (ESE) is a valuable task that aims to find entities of the target semantic class described by given seed entities. Various Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Information Retrieval (IR) downstream applications have benefited from ESE due to its ability to discover knowledge. Although existing corpus-based ESE methods have achieved great progress, they still rely on corpora with high-quality entity information annotated, because most of them need to obtain the context patterns through the position of the entity in a sentence. Therefore, the quality of the given corpora and their entity annotation has become the bottleneck that limits the performance of such methods. To overcome this dilemma and make the ESE models free from the dependence on entity annotation, our work aims to explore a new ESE paradigm, namely corpus-independent ESE. Specifically, we devise a context pattern generation module that utilizes autoregressive language models (e.g., GPT-2) to automatically generate high-quality context patterns for entities. In addition, we propose the GAPA, a novel ESE framework that leverages the aforementioned GenerAted PAtterns to expand target entities. Extensive experiments and detailed analyses on three widely used datasets demonstrate the effectiveness of our method. All the codes of our experiments are available at https://github.com/geekjuruo/GAPA.

This article investigates $\mathcal {H}_\infty$ control for continuous-time Markov jump systems subject to joint input–state constraint and intermittent mode information loss. The considered constraint, which is defined as a quadratic function of the system state and control input, is very general since it covers the input constraint, state constraint, or other constraints for physical quantities of interest. The mode information loss is described by a Bernoulli stochastic process. As a result, the system mode and controller mode form a special case of hidden Markov model. By means of an mode-dependent Lyapunov function, a sufficient condition is presented, which can guarantee that the closed-loop system is exponentially mean square stable with a certain $\mathcal {H}_\infty$ noise attenuation performance under the joint input–state constraint. Finally, an example is presented to analyze the influence of some important parameters and illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed control scheme.

Full duplex (FD) communication is considered as a promising technology in the development of 5G-advanced and 6G systems as it theoretically doubles the capability of channel. However, this improvement relying on a simultaneously bidirectional manner of communication induces intrinsic self-interference (SI) demanding to be fully cancelled, which is generally intractable. This challenge is minimized in the scenario of integrated access and backhaul (IAB) networks operated in millimeter wave (mmW) band, as its transceivers are stationary and the complexity of SI is greatly reduced by beamforming technique. As a matter of fact, FD can be a pioneering technique to unlock the full potential mmW-based IAB network by releasing its suffering of the half-duplex inefficiency. This article presents the design principle and validation of a practical SI cancellation (SIC) technique in the case of high transmission power class in mmW-based IAB networks. The proposed technique sequentially eliminates SI from the spatial, RF, and digital domains that reduces the SI down to the noise floor. To validate the technique, a prototype system is developed in accordance with 5G IAB specifications and field tests are conducted. Results suggest that the designed mmW SIC transceiver significantly reduces residual-interference to noise ratio (R-INR) to 2.1 dB or less. Additionally, a system-level simulation is conducted in line with 5G IAB evaluation methodology, which explores the potential performance gain of the proposed technique in presence of cross-link interference (CLI). Results indicate that the method could yield a cell throughput gain of about 84%, compared to the current time division duplex deployment.

In this article, for electromagnetic (EM) target sensing, the effect of primary- and secondary-field spatial coupling characteristics has been studied. Such investigation holds promises for metal detection. A novel orthogonal EM sensing method is proposed where the primary field is applied along the ${z}$ -axis and the secondary field is picked up along the ${x}$ -axis. When the second field is orthogonal to the primary one, the metal target incurred weak magnetic perturbation can be extracted much easier than the traditional parallel manner. Based on the theoretical analysis, a metal detection system based on a tunneling magnetoresistive (TMR) sensor and a driving coil is developed. The sensor’s sensing direction is orthogonal to the excitation field. Such metal detector has been used to detect a metal small target with increased high secondary field to the primary-field ratio (SPR) and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) by 9.8 dB compared to the traditional parallel configuration.

With the rapid growth of large-scale knowledge bases (KBs), knowledge base question answering (KBQA) has attracted increasing attention recently. Relation detection plays an important role in the KBQA system, which finds a compatible answer by analyzing the semantics of questions and querying and reasoning with multiple KB triples. Significant progress has been made by deep neural networks. However, existing methods often concern on detecting single-hop relation without path reasoning, and a few of these methods exploit the multihop relation reasoning, which involves the answer reasoning from the noisy and abundant relational paths in the KB. Meanwhile, the relatedness between question and answer candidates has received little attention and remains unsolved. This article proposes a novel knowledge-based reasoning network (KRN) for relation detection, including both single-hop relation and multihop relation. To address the semantic gap problem in question-answer interaction, we first learn attentive question representations according to the influence of answer aspects. Then, we learn the single-hop relation sequence through different levels of abstraction and adopt the KB entity and structure information to denoise the multihop relation detection task. Finally, we adopt a Siamese network to measure the similarity between question representation and relation representation for both single-hop and multihop relation KBQA tasks. We conduct experiments on two well-known benchmarks, SimpleQuestions and WebQSP, and the results show the superiority of our approach over the state-of-the-art models for both single-hop and multihop relation detection. Our model also achieves a significant improvement over existing methods on KBQA end task. Further analysis demonstrates the robustness and the applicability of the proposed approach.

Here, we propose phase and interfacial engineering by inserting a functional WO3layer and selenized it to achieve a 2D-layered WSe2/WO3heterolayer structure by a plasma-assisted selenization process. The 2D-layered WSe2/WO3heterolayer was coupled with an Al2O3film as a resistive switching (RS) layer to form a hybrid structure, with which Pt and W films were used as the top and bottom electrodes, respectively. The device with good uniformity in SET/RESET voltage and high low-/high-resistance window can be obtained by controlling a conversion ratio from a WO3film to a 2D-layered WSe2thin film. The Pt/Al2O3/(2D-layered WSe2/WO3)/W structure shows remarkable improvement to the pristine Pt/Al2O3/W and Pt/Al2O3/2D-layered WO3/W in terms of low SET/RESET voltage variability (−20/20)%, multilevel characteristics (uniform LRS/HRS distribution), high on/off ratio (104–105), and retention (∼105s). The thickness of the obtained WSe2was tuned at different gas ratios to optimize different 2D-layered WSe2/WO3(%) ratios, showing a distinctive trend of reduced and uniform SET/RESET voltage variability as 2D-layered WSe2/WO3(%) changes from 90/10 (%) to 45/55 (%), respectively. The electrical measurements confirm the superior ability of the metallic 1T phase of the 2D-layered WSe2over the semiconducting 2H phase. Through systemic studies of RS behaviors on the effect of 1T/2H phases and 2D-layered WSe2/WO3ratios, the low-temperature plasma-assisted selenization offers compatibility with the temperature-limited 3D integration process and also provides much better thickness control over a large area.

The current understanding of the genetic determinants of thoracic aortic aneurysms and dissections (TAAD) has largely been informed through studies of rare, Mendelian forms of disease. Here, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of TAAD, testing ~25 million DNA sequence variants in 8,626 participants with and 453,043 participants without TAAD in the Million Veteran Program, with replication in an independent sample of 4,459 individuals with and 512,463 without TAAD from six cohorts. We identified 21 TAAD risk loci, 17 of which have not been previously reported. We leverage multiple downstream analytic methods to identify causal TAAD risk genes and cell types and provide human genetic evidence that TAAD is a non-atherosclerotic aortic disorder distinct from other forms of vascular disease. Our results demonstrate that the genetic architecture of TAAD mirrors that of other complex traits and that it is not solely inherited through protein-altering variants of large effect size.

With good chemical stability and more active sites, the Ti/PbO2electrode is a commonly used electrode material in the electrochemical oxidation reaction. However, drawbacks of large surface cracks and corrosion during redox processes still exist in conventional Ti/PbO2electrodes. Herein, a PbO2electrode modified with reduced graphene oxide and surfactant OP-10 (OP-10&rGO-PbO2) was prepared by electrodeposition with Ti/SnO2-Sb2O3as a substrate. The addition of rGO was helpful in forming a dense surface of PbO2and avoiding the side reaction of oxygen evolution during wastewater degradation. It has higher oxygen evolution potential and a longer service lifetime. In addition, the acrylamide (AA) degradation conditions were optimized. It was proved that the OP-10&rGO-PbO2electrode has a good industrial application prospect in dye wastewater. The chemical oxygen demand removal rate of dye wastewater can reach 89% within 120 min. Furthermore, the degradation mechanism of AA was also discussed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry technique, and the possible degradation path was also proposed.

The lack of effective oral drug delivery systems to treat gastric ulcer is an urgent challenge in clinical practice. Herein, a gastric acid pH-responsive hydrogel of curcumin/sodium alginate/polyaspartic acid@CaCO3(Cur/SA/PC) was developed for sustained release of Cur, exerting effective protection and treatment of gastric ulcers. The in vitro gelatinization properties and the corresponding gel characteristics of the SA/PC delivery system demonstrated the successful construction of the in situ hydrogel with uniform strength. The cellular uptake illustrated the successful uptake and sustained release of Cur. Besides, Cur effectively inhibited NLRP3-mediated pyroptosis both in vitro and in vivo, exhibited an excellent pro-healing effect by regulating the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, and alleviated acetic acid-induced chronic gastric injury in rats. Moreover, the relative bioavailability of Cur in the SA/PC hydrogel could effectively increase in the pharmacokinetic study. Importantly, the protective barrier formed by the SA/PC hydrogel could effectively protect against alcohol-induced acute gastric ulcers in rats. Overall, the designed SA/PC oral delivery system is a promising strategy to overcome gastric barriers for oral drug delivery.

The HLEMS (High Light Extraction Micro Structure) technology could improve the light out‐coupling efficiency and reduce the power consumption of OLED display, by modifying parts of the light extraction paths through the redesign of micro structures and the optimization of film refractive indexes. Ink and OC nanocomposites with high refractive index are the key materials to realize the HLEMS technology, their fabrications and qualities of films are particularly important. In this work, the curing processes and mechanisms of Ink and OC nanocomposites were researched respectively. The film properties were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FT‐ IR), dynamic thermal mechanical analyzer (DMA), and ellipsometer. The refractive index of Ink nanocomposite is greater than 1.67 @ 550nm, and the refractive index of OC nanocomposite is greater than 1.70 @ 550nm.

This study aims to explore the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) associated with both diagnostic and prognostic value in ovarian cancer by meta-analysis and bioinformatics analyses. We investigated the prognostic value of MMP-9 expression in ovarian cancer based on The Cancer Genome Atlas. Five databases were used to collect records about MMP-9 expression related to diagnostic and prognostic values in ovarian cancer from inception to June 2022. Using Stata 15.0 software, hazard ratio (HR) and odds ratio (OR) were calculated as the effect index of prognosis. We chose the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and area under the curve (AUC) to judge the diagnostic utility of MMP-9 for ovarian cancer. A total of 23 studies on prognosis, and five studies on diagnosis were entered into the meta-analysis. These suggest that high MMP-9 expression was detrimental to the overall survival of patients with ovarian cancer (HR = 1.34; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08∼1.66; P<0.01). High MMP-9 expression increased the risk of tumor stage (OR = 3.66; 95% CI 1.89∼7.07), but was not related to the tumor grade of ovarian cancer (P>0.05). The pooled analysis of serum MMP-9 diagnosing for ovarian cancer gave the pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC the values of 0.72 (95% CI 0.61∼0.81), 0.81 (95% CI 0.77∼0.85), and 0.84 (95% CI 0.81∼0.87), respectively. High MMP-9 expression can increase the tumor stage, and a correlation exists between high MMP-9 expression and poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer. Also, serum MMP-9 has a good diagnostic value for ovarian cancer.

Due to the national dynamic zero-COVID strategy in China, there were no persistent local transmissions of SARS-CoV-2 in Beijing before December, 2022. However, imported cases have been frequently detected over the past 3 years. With soaring growth in the number of COVID-19 cases in China recently, there are concerns that there might be an emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants. Routine surveillance of viral genomes has been carried out in Beijing over the last 3 years. Spatiotemporal analyses of recent viral genome sequences compared with that of global pooled and local data are crucial for the global response to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Two asymmetric diamines [1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl(3,5-diaminophenyl) methanone (BPDAM) and (3,5-diaminophenyl)(4′-(naphthalen-1-yl)-[1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl) methanone(DANPBPM) were synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction from (4-bromophenyl)(3,5-diaminophenyl) methanone (BDAM) and corresponding arylboronic acid. A series of polyimides exhibiting organic solubility were prepared from 2,2′,3,3′-biphenyl tetracarboxylic dianhydride(BPDA) and these above three new diamines via a two-stage process. The obtained polymers showed outstanding organic solubility and high thermal stability. And studies have shown that the storage device with a sandwich type configuration of Al/polyimide/ITO was prepared by the traditional liquid spin coating technology, which showed the storage capacity of flash memory type. All the polyimide-based devices showed bistable conductivity switching and nonvolatile memory behavior that had long preservation period and high ON/OFF electric current, the rate of which was 104.

Flexible optoelectronics have garnered considerable interest for applications such as optical communication, motion capture, biosignal detection, and night vision. Transition-metal dichalcogenides are widely used as flexible photodetectors owing to their outstanding electrical and optical properties and high flexibility. Herein, a two-dimensional (2D) Sb2Se3film-based one transistor–one resistor (1T1R) flexible photodetector with high photosensing current and detection ranges from visible to near-infrared was developed. The flexible 1T1R was fabricated using an efficient field-effect transistor platform with the 2D Sb2Se3film directly deposited on the sensing region using a low-temperature plasma-assisted chemical vapor reaction. The photodetector could achieve a maximum Iphoto/Idarkof 15,000 under white light with a power density of 26 mW/cm2, in which the photodetector showed quick rising and falling response times of 0.16 and 0.28 s, respectively. The 2D Sb2Se3film exhibits broadband absorption in the visible and IR regions, yielding an excellent photoresponse under laser illumination with different wavelengths. To investigate the flexibility and stability of the 1T1R photodetector, the photoresponses were measured under different bending cycles and curvatures, which maintained its functions and exhibited high stability under convex and concave bending at a curvature radius of 20 mm.

Bioactive substances such as probiotics are becoming a research hotspot in the field of tissue regeneration due to their excellent regulatory functions. Here, we proposed to load Lactobacillus caseionto a bilayer silk fibroin/sodium alginate (SF/SA) scaffold to endow the scaffold with both antibacterial and regenerative properties. The performance of the scaffold was characterized systemically. The L. casei-loaded scaffolds (L-SF/SA) bring in lactic acid, which has antibacterial and wound healing properties. In vitro, the cell-free supernatant (CFS) of L. caseiinhibited the transformation of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts and relieved the endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS). In vivo, L-SF/SA accelerated the healing of infected wounds in SD rats. The L-SF/SA reduced the bacterial load, induced M2 polarization of macrophages, increased angiogenesis, regulated collagen ratio, and alleviated the ERS, thereby promoting scarless wound healing and increasing hair follicle regeneration. Therefore, probiotic-functionalized silk fibroin/alginate scaffolds showed potential in the infected wound healing.

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The Cancer/Testis Antigen (CTA) genes comprise a group of genes whose expression under physiological conditions is restricted to the testis but is activated in many human cancers. Depending on the particular expression pattern, the CTA genes are speculated to play a role in spermatogenesis, but evidence is limited thus far. Here, we reported patients with a hemizygous nonsense mutation in cancer-testis antigen 55 (CT55) suffering from male infertility with extreme disruption in sperm production, morphology, and locomotion. Specifically, the insufficiency of sperm individualization, excessive residue of unnecessary cytoplasm, and defects in acrosome development were evident in the spermatozoa of the patients. Furthermore, mouse models with depletion of Ct55showed accelerated infertility with age, mimicking the defects in sperm individualization, unnecessary cytoplasm removal, and meanwhile exhibiting the disrupted cumulus-oocyte complex penetration. Mechanistically, our functional experiments uncovered CT55 as a new autophagic manipulator to regulate spermatogenesis via selectively interacting with LAMP2 and GABARAP (which are key regulators in the autophagy process) and further fine-tuning their expression. Therefore, our findings revealed CT55as a novel CTA gene involved in spermatogenesis due to its unprecedented autophagy activity.

In this work, a low-power memristor based on vertically stacked two-dimensional (2D) layered materials, achieved by plasma-assisted vapor reaction, as the switching material, with which the copper and gold metals as electrodes featured by reversible polymorphous phase changes from a conducting 1T-phase to a semiconducting 2H-one once copper cations interacted between vertical lamellar layers and vice versa, was demonstrated. Here, molybdenum diselenide was chosen as the switching material, and the reversible polymorphous phase changes activated by the intercalation of Cu cations were confirmed by pseudo-operando Raman scattering, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning photoelectron microscopy under high and low resistance states, respectively. The switching can be activated at about ±1 V with critical currents less than 10 μA with an on/off ratio approaching 100 after 100 cycles and low power consumption of ∼0.1 microwatt as well as linear weight updates controlled by the amount of intercalation. The work provides alternative feasibility of reversible and all-solid-state metal interactions, which benefits monolithic integrations of 2D materials into operative electronic circuits.

BackgroundThe information of ZMYND15in human reproduction is very limited, resulting in the unclear link between ZMYND15variants and male infertility.MethodsWhole exome sequencing and Sanger sequencing to identify the potential pathogenic variation of ZMYND15in infertile men, Papanicolaou staining and electron microscopy to investigate the spermatozoa morphology, western blotting and immunofluorescence staining to confirm the pathogenicity of the identified variants, and proteomic analysis and coimmunoprecipitation to clarify the potential molecular mechanism.ResultsA total of 31 ZMYND15variants were identified in 227 infertile patients. Three deleterious biallelic variants, including a novel compound heterozygous variant of c.1105delG (p.A369Qfs*15) and c.1853T>C (p.F618S), a new homozygous splicing mutation of c.1297+5G>A and a reported homozygous nonsense mutation of c.1209T>A (p.Y403*), were detected in three affected individuals with oligoasthenoteratozoospermia, showing a biallelic pathogenic mutation frequency of 1.3% (3/227). No biallelic pathogenic mutation was found in 692 fertile men. Morphology analysis showed abnormalities in sperm morphology in the patients harbouring ZMYND15mutations. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining confirmed the nearly absent ZMYND15 expression in the sperm of the patients. Mechanistically, ZMYND15 might regulate spermatogenesis by interacting with key molecules involved in sperm development, such as DPY19L2, AKAP4 and FSIP2, and might also mediate the expression of the autophagy-associated protein SPATA33 to maintain sperm individualisation and unnecessary cytoplasm removal.ConclusionOur findings broaden the variant and phenotype spectrum of ZMYND15in male infertility, and reveal the potential signalling pathway of ZMYND15 regulating spermatogenesis, finally confirming the essential role of ZMYND15in human fertility.

The task of ACE Event Detection (ED) often encounters ambiguous and unseen trigger words. Most conventional ED systems exclusively consider the semantic or syntactic patterns as the additional evidence to resolve the problem of the ambiguous and unseen triggers, but rarely consider taking advantages of structured knowledge of the event itself. In this study, we propose Dynamic Word-Trigger-Argument Graph Neural Networks (DWTA-GNN), a novel framework that leverages event structure knowledge to facilitate the two issues simultaneously. In our approach, we utilize words, entities, and event annotations from training to construct an event background graph, which can provide sufficient information of event structure to better disambiguate polysemous triggers and identify unseen triggers. To make full use of the constructed background graph, we further design a knowledge matching module to dynamically match appropriate event structure knowledge and construct a subgraph for each incoming sentence. Besides, an event-selective graph convolution is applied to filter out the noise in the matched knowledge so as to enhance event representation. Experiments on the ACE2005 dataset show that our model achieves competitive performance and advances previous approaches on ambiguous and unseen trigger words, verifying the effectiveness of incorporating event structure knowledge for event detection.