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•The combination of PA+D+Sm was more effective than both PA alone and PA+Din improving HDL cholesterol levels, and was also effective in reducing waist circumference compared to PA alone.•The combination of PA+Dwas found to be the most effective in reducing body weight compared to PA alone.•PA+D+Sm and PA+Dinterventions emerged as the most effective strategies for improving cardiovascular risk factors with low to high certainty compared to usual care.•Dietary interventions significantly reduced body weight and hba1c compared to usual care.•Multifactorial digital lifestyle interventions, especially PA+D+Sm and PA+Dcombinations, show promise in reducing cardiovascular risk factors.

Australia has a high prevalence of food allergies in children, with an estimated one in ten developing a food allergy in their first year of life. The exact reasons for this are still unknown, but researchers are making progress in understanding childhood allergies. Factors that may contribute to the rise in food allergies globally include changes in diet, increasing sanitization, and vitamin D deficiency. Genetics and environment both play a role in the development of food allergies, and introducing peanuts and eggs early in a child's diet may help prevent allergies. Trials are currently underway to test new strategies for prevention and treatment of food allergies. [Extracted from the article]

Infant feeding guidelines in Australia changed in 2016 to recommend introducing common allergy-causing foods by age 1 year to prevent food allergy. Although most Australian infants now eat peanut and egg by age 6 months, some still develop food allergy despite the early introduction of allergens.