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Melanoma is a serious type of skin cancer, which develops in melanocyte cells. Although it is less common than some other skin cancers, it can be far more dangerous if not treated at an early stage because of its ability to spread rapidly to other organs. Heat shock proteins (HSP) are intracellular molecular chaperones of naive proteins, which are induced in response to stressful conditions. HSP is released into the extracellular milieu and binds to Toll-like receptors (TLRs) to regulate immune responses, such as cytokine and chemokine release. HSPs can release and bind to tumor-specific antigens, with cross-presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I antigens. TLRs are innate immune system receptors, involved in the melanoma growth pathway through HSP activation. Melanocytes express TLR4 and TLR9 to modulate immune responses. Many TLR ligands are considered as proper adjuvant candidates, as they can activate dendritic cells. Targeting some TLRs, such as TLR7 and TLR9, is an available option for treating melanoma. In this review, we aimed to determine the relationship between TLRs and HSP groups in melanoma.

•The RhoA-ROCK pathway controls the activation of lymphocytes.•miR-193a could modulate RhoA and ROCK 1 expression in MS patients.•Reinforcement of miR-193a causes down-regulation of RhoA and ROCK1 expression.•miR-193a is a possible diagnostic, predictive and therapeutic indicator in MS patients.

The article discusses the conflict for economic development and peace in the Middle East. It states that the administrators in the U.S. and Iran are having negotiations which can have a significant impact for the region's economy. It mentions that Iranian economy is affected by the economic sanctions between the European Union (EU) and the U.S. It adds that conflict for peace is caused by the military strikes threat imposed by Israel against civil nuclear plants of Iran.

The article discusses the overthrow of Muslim Brotherhood leader Mohammed Morsi by Egyptian military. It asks if the overthrow was a military coup against an elected leader or a popular uprising against a tyrant. Egyptian Communisy Party general secretary consider the ouster as a coup that emanates from the heart of popular democracy. Adly describes the practices and attitudes of the Muslim Brotherhood as worse than the regime of Hosni Mubarak.

The article presents messages from members of the Tudeh Party of Iran on occasion of the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of India (Marxist) (CPI M). A message expresses gratitude for CPI (M)'s consistent solidarity with the people of Iran during their struggle against the policies of the theocratic regime ruling Iran. It cites CPI M's powerful presence in India's politics and its victories in several states in India in building a people's alternative to capitalism.

The article focuses on the state of Iran following the easing of tensions in the country. Iranian President Hassan Rouhani says that he has been given complete authority by the country's conservative religious leadership to make a deal with the U.S. It says that the regime is looking to the West to make a possible ally and find a deal to improve its position. It cites Tudeh Party of Iran supports the declining conflicts between the country and the U.S.

The article discusses the crisis facing the Sudanese Islamic regime due to loss of support among its own Islamist supporters. The regime faces opposition from all sectors of the society including the Revolutionary Front and political parties. The war on eastern towns in North Kordufan intensifies the crisis because of its human and economic cost. Some of the atrocities and war crimes committed by the Sudanese government in the war zones include forcing civilians to leave their villages.

The article explores the political developments after the re-election of President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad in Iran.