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The cubic intuitionistic implicative ideals in BCK-algebras and the relationship between a cubic intuitionistic subalgebra, a cubic intuitionistic ideal and a cubic intuitionistic implicative ideal are discussed. Conditions for a cubic intuitionistic ideal to be a cubic intuitionistic implicative ideal are provided. Characterizations of a cubic intuitionistic implicative ideal are considered. The cubic intuitionistic extension property for a cubic intuitionistic implicative ideal is established.

Suppose that Lis a nonempty language over A, k∈N0and m∈N. If Lsatisfies (LAk)mL∩A+(LAk)m-1LA+=∅, then Lis a code and is called a (k, m)-comma code. If Lis a (k, m)-comma code, then it is known that Lis an infix code when m=1and Lis a bifix code when m≥1. In this paper, we extend the study and find that the class of (k, m)-comma codes and the class of infix codes are incomparable but they are not disjoint, so we first characterize the (k, m)-comma codes with m≥2which are infix codes. We also describe the solid codes with minimum lengths greater than kand the 2-(k, 1)-comma codes by different approaches. Finally, the class of bifix codes will be classified into disjoint union of some subclasses and a criterion to determine the subclass membership of a given bifix code will be given.

A finite p-group Gis called a NDC-group if G′/G′∩Nis cyclic or N/N∩Z(G)is cyclic for every normal subgroup Nin G. In this paper, first we give some properties of NDC-groups and in particular, we give the order of G′Z(G)/Z(G)for a NDC-group Gso that we could investigate the structure of NDC-groups. Next, some necessary and sufficient conditions for a p-group Gwhose quotient group G/ Z(G) is generated by two elements to be a NDC-group are given. Finally, we also give some further properties of p-groups with small derived subgroups by using the properties of capable p-groups with small generating systems, which maybe could apply some other research of p-groups.

In this paper, the notions of cubic intuitionistic KU-subalgebras and KU-ideals of a KU-algebras are introduced, and several properties are investigated. Characterizations of cubic intuitionistic KU-subalgebras and KU-ideals of KU-algebras are considered. Relations between a cubic intuitionistic KU-subalgebra and a cubic intuitionistic KU-ideal are given.

AbstractThe notions of (ϵ, ϵ V q)-permeable S-value and (ϵ̄, ϵ̄ V q)-permeable S-value for a fuzzy set are introduced, and related properties are investigated. Relations between permeable S-value, (ϵ, ϵ V q)-permeable S-value and (ϵ̄, ϵ̄ V q))-permeable S-value are considered. Using (ϵ, ϵ V q)-permeable S-value and (ϵ̄, ϵ̄ V q)-permeable S-value, we establish subalgebra and S-energetic subset.

In this paper, the notion of closed cubic intuitionistic ideals, cubic intuitionistic p-ideals and cubic intuitionistic a-ideals in BCI-algebras are introduced, and several related properties are investigated. Relations between cubic intuitionistic subalgebras, closed cubic intuitionistic ideals, cubic intuitionistic q-ideals, cubic intuitionistic p-ideals and cubic intuitionistic a-ideals are discussed. Conditions for a cubic intuitionistic ideal to be a cubic intuitionistic p-ideal are provided. Characterizations of a cubic intuitionistic a-ideal are considered. The cubic intuitionistic extension property for a cubic intuitionistic a-ideal is established.

It is common knowledge that various models with their limited boundaries of truth and falsehood are not sufficient to detect the reality so there is a need to discover other systems which are able to address the daily life problems. In every branch of science problems arise which abound with uncertainties and imprecisions. Some of these problems are related to human life, some others are subjective while others are objective and classical methods are not sufficient to solve such problems because they can not handle various ambiguities involved. To overcome this problem, Zadeh introduced the concept of a fuzzy set which provides a useful mathematical tool for describing the behavior of systems that are either too complex or are ill-defined to admit precise mathematical analysis by classical methods. Our aim in this paper is to use non-associate algebraic structures such as AG-groupoids and to develop the resulting properties. For the applications of this concept we introduce generalized fuzzy ideals and discuss their properties, specifically we characterize intra regular AG-groupoids using the properties of generalized fuzzy ideals.

We first study the structure of a special generalized regular semigroup, namely the B-semiabundant semigroup which can be expressed as the join of the pseudo-varieties of finite groups and finite aperiodic groups. In the literature, the weakly B-semiabundant semigroups have recently been thoughtfully investigated and considered by Wang. One easily observes that the class of good B-semiabundant semigroups is a special class of semigroups embraces all abundant (and hence regular) semigroups. In particular, a super B-quasi-Ehresmann semigroup is an analogy of an orthodox semigroup within the class of B-semiabundant semigroups. Thus, the class of super B-quasi-Ehresmann semigroups is obviously a subclass of the class of good B-quasi-Ehresmann semigroups which contains all orthodox semigroups. Thus, the super B-quasi-Ehresmann semigroup behaves similarly as the Clifford subsemigroups within the class of regular semigroups. Consequently, a super B-quasi-Ehresmann semigroup is now recognized as an important generalized regular semigroup. Our aim in this paper is to describe the properties and intrinsic structure of a super B-quasi-Ehresmann semigroup whose band of projections is right regular, right normal, left semiregular, left seminormal, regular, left quasinormal or normal, respectively. Hence, our representation theorem of the super B-quasi-Ehresmann semigroups improves, strengthens and generalizes the well-known “standard representation theorem of an orthodox semigroup” established by He et al. (Commun. Algebra 33:745–761, 2005). Finally, a general representation theorem in the category of Ehresmann semigroups is given.

In this paper, our aim is to introduce the notion of a composition (m, n, k)-hyperring and to analyze its properties. We also consider the algebraic structure of (m, n, k) hyperrings which is a generalization of composition rings and composition hyperrings. Also, the isomorphism theorems of ring theory are derived in the context of composition (m, n, k)-hyperrings.

In this paper, we characterize some special classes of interval-valued $$(i.v.)$$ (i.v.) fuzzy ideals of a semiring. We study mainly the notions of interval-valued $$(i.v.)$$ (i.v.) fuzzy $$k$$ k -quasi-ideal and interval-valued $$(i.v.)$$ (i.v.) fuzzy $$k$$ k -bi-ideal of a semiring and characterize $$k$$ k -regularity and $$k$$ k -intra-regularity of a semiring in terms of these special class of interval-valued $$(i.v.)$$ (i.v.) fuzzy $$k$$ k -ideals of semirings.

Highly specific and tight-binding nucleic acid aptamers have been selected against a variety of molecular targets for over 20 years. A significant proportion of these oligonucleotides display G-quadruplex structures, particularly for DNA aptamers, that enable molecular recognition of their ligands. G-quadruplex structures couple a common scaffold to varying loop motifs that act in target recognition. Here, we review DNA G-quadruplex aptamers and their ligands from a structural and functional perspective. We compare the diversity of DNA G-quadruplex aptamers selected against multiple ligand targets, and consider structure with a particular focus on dissecting the thrombin binding aptamer - thrombin interaction. Therapeutic and analytical applications of DNA G-quadruplex aptamers are also discussed. Understanding DNA G-quadruplex aptamers carries implications not only for therapeutics and diagnostics, but also in the natural biochemistry of guanine-rich nucleic acids.

Abstract: A U-abundant semigroup S in which every $$ \mathcal{H} $$-class of S contains an element in the set of projections U of S is said to be a U-superabundant semigroup. This is an analogue of regular semigroups which are unions of groups and an analogue of abundant semigroups which are superabundant. In 1941, Clifford proved that a semigroup is a union of groups if and only if it is a semilattice of completely simple semigroups. Several years later, Fountain generalized this result to the class of superabundant semigroups. In this paper, we extend their work to U-superabundant semigroups.

A series of wind tunnel tests were carried out to measure drag and lift coefficients of inclined circular cylinders with artificial rivulet for later investigation on wind-rain-induced cable vibration. The axial flow effect was naturally included in the tests, compared with previous non-yawed horizontal cylinder tests. The test Reynolds number for smooth circular cylinders in uniform flow ranged from 9.38 × 104to 1.93 × 105. A special test apparatus was designed and manufactured for easy execution of measurements. The effects of artificial rivulet, its shape, and its size on aerodynamic coefficients are discussed in this paper based on wind tunnel test results. The influence of wind yaw angle, wind speed, and cable diameter is also estimated. Furthermore, the possible transformation of wind tunnel test results to the cylinders of different inclinations and yaw angles from those used in the tests is explored.

The configuration of long span cable-stayed bridge varies at different construction stages and so does its natural frequencies. The vibration control performance of a multi-stage pendulum mass damper (MPMD), whose natural frequency can be altered by controlling the pendulum wire length, was studied for mitigation of the wind-induced vibration of a long span cable-stayed bridge tower during construction. A theoretical framework for predicting the buffeting response of the coupled MPMD-bridge system was first developed. Four different construction stages of the bridge were selected for study. The effectiveness of MPMD was further examined by an experimental investigation. A 1:100 scale model of the bridge tower together with a two-stage pendulum mass damper were designed and manufactured. Two kinds of excitations, harmonic and white noise excitation, were applied respectively in the lateral direction of the bridge tower (ie in the direction normal to the bridge longitudinal axis), which was considered as the most critical loading direction. The effect of various parameters, including damping ratio, mass ratio, and frequency tuning ratio of the damper, was considered in this study. Both the theoretical and experimental investigations showed that the MPMD can significantly reduce the displacement responses of the bridge tower for the concerned construction stages and the total damping of the tower was enhanced significantly by the MPMD.

AbstractA subgroup Hof a finite group Gis said to be c?supplemented in Gif there exists a subgroup Kof Gsuch that G= HKand HKis contained in coreG(H). In this paper some results for finite p?nilpotent groups are given based on some subgroups of Pc?supplemented in G, where pis a prime factor of the order of Gand Pis a Sylow p?subgroup of G. We also give some applications of these results.

The concept of super hamiltonian semigroup is introduced. As a result, the structure theorems obtained by A. Cherubini and A. Varisco on quasi commutative semi-groups and quasi hamiltonian semigroups respectively are extended to super hamiltonian semigroups.

Three single-feed microstrip patch antennas for multi-band operation are proposed in this paper. The first one is a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA) with an L-shaped slit combined with a parasitic patch in co-planar geometry. It exhibits two operating frequency bands, which cover ISM bands (2.45 and 5.8 GHz) and U-NII bands (5.1, 5.2 and 5.8 GHz). There are four shorting pins inserted into the antenna. The second proposed antenna is a PIFA with a tilted slit and a shorting pin. It provides an impedance bandwidth which is wide enough to cover both IMT-2000 and 2.45 GHz ISM bands. The third antenna is a tri-band PIFA consisting of a U-shaped slot, one shorting pin and one shorting wall. It is able to generate three resonances (0.9, 1.8 and 2.45 GHz). Simulation and experimental results are given to verify the proposed antenna designs.

A subgroup H of a finite group G is called c-normal in G if there exists a normal subgroup N of G such that G = HN and $H \cap N \leq H_{G} = {\rm core}_{G}(H)$. In this paper, we investigate the class of groups of which every maximal subgroup of its Sylow p-subgroup is c-normal and the class of groups of which some minimal subgroups of its Sylow p-subgroup is c-normal for some prime number p. Some interesting results are obtained and consequently, many known results related to p-nilpotent groups and p-supersolvable groups are generalized.

This paper reports on the synthesis, safety, and efficacy of a series of water-soluble derivatives of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-conjugated amphotericin B (AmB). PEG 40 000 attached to the sugar amino group of AmB via labile carbamate and carbonate linkages was examined. The synthetic program conducted for this investigation provided a series of disubstituted PEG−AmB derivatives which had in vitro PEG half-life of hydrolyses rates in rat plasma varying between 1 and 3 h. Importantly, all conjugates demonstrated less than 6% hydrolysis following 24 h incubation in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer at 25 °C and showed solubilities greater than 46 mg/mL in aqueous solutions. The solubility of AmB in the conjugates increased up to approximately 200 times compared to unmodified AmB in saline. As a major finding, this investigation demonstrated that conjugation of PEG to AmB could produce conjugates that were significantly (6×) less toxic than AmB-deoxycholate and maintained, or even had enhanced, in vivo antifungal activity.

This paper presents a theoretical investigation on the performance of multiple-tuned liquid column dampers (MTLCD) for reducing torsional vibration of structures in comparison with single-tuned liquid column dampers (STLCD). The analytical model is first developed for torsional vibration of a structure with an MTLCD under either harmonic excitation or white noise excitation. The experimental results are then used to verify the analytical model for coupled MTLCD-structure systems under harmonic excitation. The performance of an MTLCD and its beneficial parameters for achieving the maximum torsional response reduction to white noise excitation are finally investigated through an extensive parametric study in terms of the distance from the centre line of the MTLCD to the rotational axis of the structure, the ratio of the horizontal length to the total length of liquid column, frequency bandwidth, head-loss coefficient, the number of TLCD units in an MTLCD, frequency-turning ratio and the spectral level of excitation moment. The results show that there is an optimal head-loss coefficient and an optimal frequency bandwidth for an MTLCD to achieve the maximum torsional response reduction. It is also demonstrated that the sensitivity of an optimized MTLCD to the frequency-tuning ratio is less than that of an optimized STLCD, and it can be further improved by increasing the bandwidth but at the cost of less torsional vibration reduction. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

We extend the Frattini theory of formations and Schunck classes of finite groups to some Frattini theory of formations and Schunck classes of finite universal algebras of Malcev varieties. We prove that if F≠(1) is a nonempty formation (Schunck class) of algebras of a Malcev variety, then its Frattini subformation (Frattini Schunck subclass) Φ(F) consists of all nongenerators of F; moreover, if Mis a formation (Schunck class) in F; then Φ(M) $$ \subseteq$$ Φ(F).

Abstract:  In formation theory, one of the interesting problems is the existence of a saturated formation which is a product of non-$p$-saturated formations. In this paper, we shall give an interesting example of saturated formation ${\cal F}$ which is expressible by ${\cal F}={\cal M}{\cal H},$ where ${\cal M}$ and ${\cal H}$ are both non-$p$-saturated formations for all $p\in \pi ({\cal F}).$ We then prove that if the product formation ${\cal F}={\cal M}{\cal H}$ of two formations ${\cal M}$ and ${\cal H}$ is a one-generated $w$-saturated formation with ${\cal F}\not ={\cal H}$, then ${\cal M}$ is also a $w$-saturated formation. By using this result, we shall answer two problems proposed by Skiba and Shemetkov.

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the performance of multiple-tuned liquid column dampers (MTLCD) for reducing torsional vibration of structures in comparison with single-tuned liquid column dampers (STLCD). A large structure model simulating its torsional vibration and several STLCDs and MTLCDs of different configurations are designed and constructed. A series of harmonically forced vibration tests are conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of MTLCDs in reducing torsional vibration of the structure and to assess the performance effects of various design parameters, which include the number of TLCD units in a MTLCD, the bandwidth of a MTLCD, the frequency tuning ratio and the moment excitation amplitude. An averaging method is also used to identify the head loss coefficients of STLCDs and MTLCDs in conjunction with the free vibration test technique. The experimental results show that the performance of a MTLCD is better than a STLCD with the same water volume in reducing the torsional vibration of structure. The performance sensitivity to frequency tuning ratio can be improved by using MTLCDs. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Abstract.: We show that certain varieties of idempotent semirings are determined by some properties of Green's relations, provide equational bases for them and give conditions guaranteeing that some Green's relations are congruences.

A novel methodology for the synthesis of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) prodrugs of amino-containing compounds has been developed which is based on the trimethyl lock lactonization reaction. These PEG-modified double prodrugs are water soluble, and by selective modification of the specifier or trigger, plasma half-lives can be adjusted at will to result in a wide range of values. Facile syntheses of ester, carbonate, and carbamate functionalities were accomplished and combined with greater or lesser degrees of steric hindrance in the spacer group, or on the aromatic framework, to achieve predictable ranges of drug concentration in plasma. In vivo screening of PEG prodrugs was done using a M109 syngeneic solid mouse tumor model. One of the PEG−daunorubicin prodrugs, with a half-life of 2 h, was evaluated in an in vivo solid tumor panel and found to be more efficacious against ovarian tumors (SKOV3) than equivalent amounts of daunorubicin.

A general methodology for synthesizing poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) prodrugs of amino-containing compounds has been developed and constitutes the basis for solubilization of insoluble drugs, extending plasma circulating half-lives and, in the case of anticancer agents, apparent tumor accumulation. Thus, we have successfully designed PEG conjugated specifiers or “triggers” as part of a double-prodrug strategy that relies, first, on enzymatic separation of PEG followed by the classical and rapid 1,4- or 1,6-benzyl elimination reaction releasing the amine (drug) bound in the form of a carbamate. The prodrug trigger was comprised of ester, carbonate, carbamate, or amide bonds in order to secure predictable rates of hydrolysis. Further refinement of the hydrolysis was accomplished by the introduction of steric hindrance through the use of ortho substituents on the benzyl component of the prodrug. This modification led to longer circulating plasma half-lives of the final tripartate form. The “ortho” effect also had the beneficial effect of directing nucleophilic attack almost exclusively to the activated benzyl 6-position of the heterobifunctional intermediates. In vivo testing of the PEG daunorubicin prodrugs (transport forms) prepared in the course of this study ultimately identified the type 1 carbamate (34b), with a circulating t1/2 of 4 h, as the most effective derivative for solid tumor growth inhibition.

Abstract: Implicative semigroups and Brouwerian semigroups were studied by W. C. Nemitz and T. S. Blyth, respectively. In this paper, following the ideas of Nemitz and Blyth, we introduce the notion of negatively partially ordered implicative semigroups and studied the homomorphisms between these semigroups. Some results of Nemitz on implicative semilattices are generalized and amplified to implicative semigroups.

GeneralFrank Chalk and Kurt Jonassohn. The History and Sociology of Genocide: Analyses and Case Studies. New Haven and London: Yale University Press, in cooperation with the Montreal Institute for Genocide Studies, 1990. Pp. xviii, 461. Preface, map, bibliography, index. US$19.95, paper; US$50.00, cloth.China and Inner AsiaBill Brugger and David Kelly. Chinese Marxism in the Post-Mao Era. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1990. Pp. xii, 223. Bibliography, index. US$32.50, hard.Robert E. Buswell JNR. The Formation of Ch'an Ideology in China and Korea: The Vajra-sama dhi-sutra a Buddhist Apocryphon. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1989. Pp. vii, 315. Contents, preface, glossary, works cited, index, illustrations, tables, abbreviations. $39.50, cloth.Joseph Y.S. Cheng, editor. China: Modernization in the 1980s. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1989. Pp. 682. Contents, preface, index.G.H. Choa. "Heal The Sick" Was Their Motto: The Protestant Medical Missionaries, in China. Hong Kong: The Chinese University Press, 1990. Pp. 255. Contents, preface, acknowledgements, preface, notes, bibliography, index. US$20.00, hardcover.George L. Hicks. Hong Kong Countdown. Hong Kong: Writers' and Publishers' Cooperative, 1989. Pp. xiv, 136. Bibliography, chronology. US$12.50, paper. Distributed by the Cellar Book Shop, 18090 Wyoming, Detroit, Michigan 48221.Kevin Rafferty. City on the Rocks: Hong Kong's Uncertain Future. London: Viking, 1989. Pp. ix, 518. Sources, map, plates, index. £15.95, hardcover.Nancy E. Levine. The Dynamics of Polyandry: Kinship, Domesticity and Population on the Tibetan Border. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press, 1988.Kam Louie. Between Fact and Fiction: Essays on Post-Mao Chinese Literature and Society. Sydney: Wild Peony Press, 1989. Pp. 149. Foreword, preface, notes, bibliography. $22.95, paper.Colin Mackerras. Western Images of China. Hong Kong: Oxford University Press, 1989. Pp. ix, 337. Preface, plates, bibliography, index. $19.95, paper.D.E. Mungello. Curious Land: Jesuit Accommodation and the Origins of Sinology. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1989. Pp. 408. Introduction, glossary, bibliography, index. US$17.00, paper.Patricia Neils, editor. United States Attitudes and Policies Toward China: the Impact of American Missionaries. Armonk, New York and London: M.E. Sharpe, 1990. Pp. 289. Contents, introduction, conclusion, biographical notes, information on contributors. US$39.95, cloth.Kamal Sheel. Peasant Society and Marxist Intellectuals in China: Fang Zhimin and the Origin of a Revolutionary Movement in the Xinjiang Region. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1989. Pp. 265. Contents, tables, preface, references, index. $35.00, cloth.Helen F. Siu. Agents and Victims in South China: Accomplices in Rural Revolution. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989. Pp. xxiv, 378. Prologue, introduction, maps, plates, notes, references, glossary, index. Hardcover, US$37.50.Japan and Northeast AsiaHilary Conroy and Harry Wray, editors. Pearl Harbor Re-examined, Prologue to the Pacific War. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1990. Pp. xix, 200. Contents, acknowledgements, chronology, introduction, suggested readings, index. $22.00, cloth.Norman Jacobs. The Korean Road to Modernization and Development. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 1985. Pp. x, 355. Preface, introduction, notes, bibliography, index. US$24.95, cloth.T.J. Pempel, editor. Uncommon Democracies: The One Party Dominant Regimes. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1990. Pp. xi, 371. Contents, preface, contributors, introduction, conclusion, index. US$49.95, cloth; US$17.95, paper.Masaya Shiraishi. Japanese Relations with Vietnam: 1951-1987. Ithaca, New York: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1990. Pp. 164. Contents, acknowledgements, introduction, conclusion, notes, bibliography, tables, charts. US$12.00, paper.Hak-Kyu Sohn. Authoritarianism and Opposition in South Korea. London: Routledge, 1989. Pp. v, 287. Contents, tables, acknowledgements, introduction, epilogue, notes, bibliography, appendices, index. $35.00, cloth.Yoshio Sugimoto and Ross E. Mouer, editors. Constructs for Understanding Japan. London and New York: Kegan Paul International, 1989. Pp. xv, 396. Figures, tables, index.Peter Tasker. Inside Japan: Wealth, Work and Power in the New Japanese Empire. London: Penguin Books, 1989. Pp. 376. Contents, acknowledgements, prologue, epilogue, index. Paper, $14.99.South AsiaRamachandra Guha. The Unquiet Woods: Ecological Change and Peasant Resistance in the Himalaya. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. Pp. xii, 214. Preface, glossary, abbreviations, map, bibliography, index.Salim Lakha. Capitalism and Class in Colonial India: The Case of Ahmedabad. Asian Studies Association of Australia, South Asian Publications Series 3. New Delhi: Sterling, 1988. Rs. 125.Owen M. Lynch, editor. Divine Passions: The Social Construction of Emotion in India. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. Pp. 312. Contents, preface, contributors, glossary, bibliography, index. US$40.00, hard.Hugh Owen. The Indian Nationalist Movement, c. 1912-1922: Leadership, Organisation and Philosophy: The Writings of Hugh Owen. Asian Studies Association of Australia South Asian Publication Series No. 6. New Delhi: Sterling Publishers Private Ltd., 1990. Pp.262. $25.00.Margaret Trawick. Notes on Love in a Tamil Family. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990. Pp. xv, 299. Prologue, figures, plates, transliteration, epilogue, bibliography, index.Southeast AsiaBenjamin A. Batson and Shimizu Hajime. "The Tragedy of Wanit": A Japanese Account of Wartime Thai Politics. Journal of Southeast Asian Studies Special Publication Series no. 1. Singapore: The National University of Singapore, 1990. Pp. xi, 148. Contents, preface, photographs, works cited, index. S$20.00 plus postage, paper; S$35.00 plus postage, hardcover.Daniel Benoit, Patrice Levang, Marc Pain and Olivier Sevin. Transmigration and Spontaneous Migrations in Indonesia: Propinsi Lampung. Bondy and Jakarta: ORSTOM-Departemen Transmigrasi, 1989. Pp. 443. Contents, foreword, plates, glossary, maps, bibliography. US$30.00 outside Indonesia, paper.Nick Devas, editor. Financing Local Government in Indonesia. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University Press (Swallow Press), 1989. Monographs in International Studies, South East Asian Series No. 84. Pp. xiii, 344. Contents, acknowledgments, figures, maps, tables, appendices, glossary, bibliography. US$14.00, paper.Jane Drakard. A Malay Frontier: Unity and Duality in a Sumatran Kingdom. Ithaca, New York: SEAP, Cornell University, 1990. Pp. ix, 205. Preface, abbreviations, genealogies, maps, bibliography, index. US$15.00, paper.Gillian Hart, Andrew Turton and Benjamin White with Brian Fegan and Lim Teck Ghee, editors. Agrarian Transformations: Local Processes and the State in Southeast Asia. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989. Pp. xi, 341. Preface, introduction, maps, tables, index. US$35.00, cloth.Sumet Jumsai. Naga: Cultural Origins in Siam and the West Pacific. Oxford University Press, 1988. Pp. xvi, 183. Illustrations.J. Kathirithamby-Wells and John Villiers, editors. The Southeast Asian Port and Polity: Rise and Demise. Singapore: Singapore University Press, 1990. Pp. xiv, 265. Preface, abbreviations, glossary, maps, illustrations, index. US$28.00, cloth; US$22.00, paper.J. Thomas Lindblad. Between Dayak and Dutch: The Economic History of Southeast Kalimantan 1880-1942. Dordrecht: Foris Publications, 1988. Pp. x, 282. Contents, preface, introduction, conclusion, appendices, notes, bibliography, glossary, index. Dfl 30, paper.Paul M. Monk. Truth and Power: Robert S. Hardie and Land Reform Debates in the Philippines, 1950-1987. Clayton, Victoria: Centre of Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, 1990. Paper 20. Pp. 168. Paper.Robert C. Rice, editor. Indonesian Economic Development: Approaches, Technology, Small-Scale Textiles, Urban Infrastructure and NGOs. Winter Lecture Series for 1988. Clayton, Victoria: Centre for Southeast Asian Studies, Monash University, 1990. Pp. iv, 105. Paper, $12.00.James R. Rush. Opium to Java: Revenue Farming and Chinese Enterprise in Colonial Indonesia, 1860-1910. Ithaca and London: Cornell University Press, 1990. Pp. x, 255. Acknowledgments, abbreviations, glossary, bibliography, index.William A. Smalley, Chia Koua Vang and Gnia Yee Yang. Mother of Writing: The Origin and Development of a Hmong Messianic Script. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press, 1990. Pp. xii, 221. Tables, illustrations, chronology, appendix, notes, references, index. US$39.95, cloth; US$15.95, paper.Southeast Asian Affairs 1990. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1990. Pp. x, 395. Foreword, contents, introduction, map. US$37.00, cloth.Leo Suryadinata. Military Ascendancy and Political Culture: A Study of Indonesia's Golkar. Monographs in International Studies, Southeast Asia Series, No. 85. Athens, Ohio: Ohio University, 1989. Pp. xiii, 223. Contents, illustrations, preface, introduction, appendices, glossary, select bibliography, index. US$11.50, paper.Mya Than and J.L.H. Tan, editors. Myanmar Dilemmas and Options: The Challenge of Economic Transition in the 1990s. Singapore: ASEAN Economic Research Unit, Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 1990. Pp. x, 288. Contents, preface, contributors, tables, notes, bibliographies. US$23.70, soft cover; US$30.00, hard cover.Ken Tregonning. Home Port Singapore: An Australian Historian's Experience 1953-1967. Australians in Asia Series No. 4. Brisbane: Centre for the Study of Australia-Asia Relations, Griffith University, 1990. Pp. 78. Editor's note, preface. $6.00, paper.Translating Southeast Asia. Translation series, Translation of Contemporary Japanese Scholarship on Southeast Asia, volume 1. Ithaca, New York: Southeast Asia Program, Cornell University, 1990. Pp. 188. Paper.Kenji Tsuchiya. Democracy and Leadership: The Rise of the Taman Siswa Movement in Indonesia. Translation of Indonesia Minzoku Shugi Kenkyu (A Study of Indonesian Nationalism) by Peter Hawkes. Honolulu: Center for Southeast Asian Studies Kyoto University, University of Hawaii Press, 1987.Richard Ulack and Gyula Pauer. Atlas of Southeast Asia. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company, 1989. Pp. xvii, 171. Preface, acknowledgments, bibliography, index. 70 maps, 66 diagrams, 50 colour photographs. $150.00, cloth.James F. Warren. At the Edge of Southeast Asian History. Quezon City: New Day Publishers, 1987. Pp. xvii, 210. Illustrations, notes, glossary, index. Distributed by the Cellar Bookshop, 18090 Wyoming, Detroit, Mich. 48221, USA. Paper, US$11.25.West AsiaGeorges Sabagh, editor. The Modern Economic and Social History of the Middle East in its World Context. Tenth Giorgio Levi Della Vida biennial conference. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Pp. 161. Contents, index. $75.00, cloth.

Wang Gungwu, CHINA AND THE WORLD SINCE 1949: the impact of independence, modernity and revolution, the Making of the 20th Century Series, London and Basingstoke, Macmillan Press, 1977. xxii, 190 pp., introd., chronological table, notes, select bibliog., index, map. Cloth $17.50, paperback $8.75.Peter Wilenski, The delivery of health services in the People's Republic of China, Canberra, Australian National University Press, 1977. 59 pp., photographs, references. Paperback $4.95.Ronald F. Price, Marx and education in Russia and China, London, Croom Helm, 1977. 376 pp., tables, bibliog., index, £stg. 9.95.Bonnie S. McDougall, ed. and trans., Path in Dreams: Selected Prose and Poetry of Ho Ch'i-fang, St Lucia, University of Queensland Press, 1976, Asian and Pacific Writing 7. $9.10.Roy Hofheinz Jr, The Broken Wave: The Chinese Communist Peasant Movement, 1922-1928, Harvard East Asian Series 90, Cambridge, Mass., Harvard University Press, 1977, 355 pp. $22.50. (Supplied by ANZ Book Co. 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Without Abstract:

Without Abstract:

In this paper,P-ordered andQ-ordered semigroups are studied. Some characterizations and properties of such semigroups are obtalned. Also the relationship between maximal (minimum) regular ordered semigroups and unitary regular semigroups is investigated.

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Abstract: Torsion classes and their corresponding quasi-filters in S-systems will be investigated. Torsion theory, in particular the hereditary torsion theory of S-systems will be characterized by the conguences defined on a semigroup S. A number of results on torsion theory of semigroups in the literature will be generalized and extended.

Abstract: This paper studies the class of left Clifford-rpp semigroups and investigates the structure of their semi-spined products and semilattice decompositions. These semigroups are generalizations of left Clifford semigroups and Clifford-rpp semigroups. We also discuss some special cases such as when a semilattice decomposition becomes a strong semilattice decomposition and a semi-spined product becomes a spined product.

A Chinese patient with pathological lying (pseudologia fantastica) and gender identity disturbance is described. The stories "save face" and lack a truly self-aggrandising quality. The importance of keeping "face" and maintaining modest behaviour in the Chinese culture is central to the psychopathology.

A Chinese patient with pathological lying (pseudologia fantastica) and gender identity disturbance is described. The stories “save face” and lack a truly self-aggrandising quality. The importance of keeping “face” and maintaining modest behaviour in the Chinese culture is central to the psychopathology.

Denote the 2×2 upper triangular matrix rings over ℤ and ℤp by UTM2(ℤ) and UTM2(ℤp), respectively. We prove that if a ring R is a p.p.-ring, then R is reduced if and only if R does not contain any subrings isomorphic to UTM2(ℤ) or UTM2(ℤp). Other conditions for a p.p.-ring to be reduced are also given. Our results strengthen and extend the results of Fraser and Nicholson on r.p.p.-rings.

We give some necessary and sufficient conditions for p.p.-rings without identity to be reduced. Our results strengthen and extend the results of Fraser and Nicholson as well as some recent results we obtained on reduced p.p.-rings with identity.