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The concept of co-amorphous systems is introduced in an integrated laboratory experiment, designed for advanced chemistry students, using solvent-free, environmentally friendly mechanochemistry. The dual-drug naproxen-cimetidine co-amorphous system (NPX-CIM) is investigated as an example of the emergent field of medicinal mechanochemistry. Students are trained in solid-state characterization techniques including X-ray powder diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermal analysis by differential scanning calorimetry. This lab experiment also provides an opportunity to discuss the relevance of different solid forms of pharmaceutics, emphasizing particular properties of disordered materials. This experiment can easily fit the curriculum of any Chemistry or Pharmacy master level degree in courses dealing with instrumental analysis, solid state chemistry, or green chemistry, for classes of 6 to 18 students, in a 5-h lab session. Suggestions to adapt it to the use of a single characterization technique are provided.

The stigma attached to mental disorders remains a public health challenge, represents an important barrier to healthcare and widens existing social inequalities.

Water use and socio-economic development are interconnected in complex ways. Causalities are not easy to identify but it is evident that a nexus between water use and socio-economic development does exist. Considering the diversity of national situations relating to these interrelated phenomena, its study should be considered from a global perspective. This article critically reviews the literature and information from official sources on the relevance of water use and circular economy in order to create a global picture, linking water with socio-economic development. Data from 195 countries was analyzed statistically. A factor analysis defined five essential latent dimensions on the nexus between water use and socio-economic development: development and basic services, population and resource, economic volume, health and well-being, and population density. Based on the identified factors, countries were classified into six groups: Global South in difficulty, global semi-periphery, advanced economy, Middle East and other Global South developing economy, global weight, and small highly developed economy. The clustering results clarify connections between water use conditions and socio-economic development. Understanding the variety of national profiles is helpful to reveal the magnitude and urgency of dealing with the nexus between water use and socio-economic development for many countries.

Tortola bean leaves are an agricultural by-product from Tortola beans, which is widely consumed in Chile. Free, esterified, etherified, and insoluble-bound phenolics of Tortola bean leaves were evaluated for total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant properties, and phenolic profile using UPLC–MS/MS for the first time, thus all results presented are novel considering previous literature. The soluble phenolics (free + esterified + etherified) presented higher TPC values (4667.03 μg gallic acid equivalent/g dry weight), reducing power (1474.26 mmol Trolox equivalent/100 g dry weight) and antioxidant activity towards peroxyl radicals (245.24 mmol Trolox equivalent/100 g dry weight). The free phenolics fraction showed the highest TPC and equal or higher antioxidant properties in chemical assays. Furthermore, it showed the highest phenolics content as evaluated by UPLC–MS/MS, regardless of the fraction (free, esterified, etherified, or insoluble-bound). Quercetin and rutin derivatives were the most abundant compounds (323.12–421.31 μg/g dry weight), mainly in the fraction containing free phenolics (50%). Free phenolic enriched in quercetin and their derivatives exhibited similar antioxidant protection to those of commercial quercetin in Caco-2 cells subjected to an oxidative challenge induced by exogenous hydrogen peroxide. Tortola bean leaves thus merit further consideration from academia and industry to develop nutraceuticals and/or functional foods.

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The improvement of geotechnical properties is often achieved by the addition of traditional binders, such as cement or lime. However, the use of such binders implies a considerable financial and environmental cost that needs to be mitigated. An unconventional solution, similar to cement in terms of performance but more environmentally friendly, consists in the use of binders made from alkaline activated industrial residues. The technique consists on the activation of raw materials (such as fly ash or blast furnace slag) rich in Si, Al, or even Ca, with high pH alkaline solutions. The present work was developed aiming the possible stabilisation, using different fly ash contents, of a clayey soil with sand. The activator solution was composed of sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. The extended experimental campaign included unconfined compressive strength (UCS), California Bearing Ratio (CBR), pulse velocity tests and triaxial tests to assess the geomechanical improvement induced by the new binder. As a mean of comparison, the experimental campaign included also the stabilisation of the same soil with either cement or lime. The obtained data indicates that the use of alkaline activation as a soil stabilisation technique provides competitive geomechanical results, when compared with those obtained with traditional binders.

Plastic crystals, frequently observed for compounds with globular molecules, are mesophases characterized by orientational disorder maintaining positional order. The present work focuses on finding correlations between the plastic crystal formation ability of pinanediol, its molecular shape, and the intermolecular interactions existing in solid phases. Pinanediol, a bicyclical monoterpenoid and vicinal diol, is a globular molecule capable of forming intermolecular hydrogen bonds. In the present work, the structure and thermal behavior of this compound in the solid state is studied for the first time. Despite its strong intermolecular interactions in condensed phases, it was found to be a plastic crystal former showing complex polymorphism. Three ordered phases were identified by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized light thermal microscopy, and X-ray diffraction with variable temperature. The molecular dynamics in different polymorphic forms was studied by broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). The structure of the most stable enantiopure ordered polymorph of pinanediol was resolved by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, using crystals of both enantiomers. Its intermolecular close contacts were studied by Hirshfeld surface analysis, which was used to determine shape parameters correlated to plastic crystal formation ability. It was concluded that the globular shape of pinanediol allows the formation of the plastic phase that is not inhibited by the presence of intermolecular hydrogen bonding.

Thénard’s blue (CoAl2O4), Rinman’s green (CoZnO2), and Berzelius’ red (CoMgO2) are pigments that have been used from the 19th century in works of art. Their synthesis can be conducted by a very simple and rapid method: by ignition of a wafer of dried filter paper soaked first in a Co2+solution and then subsequently soaked in a partner salt (Al3+, Zn2+, or Mg2+) solution. Through their following characterization using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the students can be introduced to further concepts, protocols for sample preparation, and data interpretation regarding these mainstream characterization techniques. Although originally designed for first-year undergraduates, this activity can be tailored to match different levels and can be used as a part of STEAM (science, technology, engineering, arts, and mathematics) activities in middle/high school and general public outreach.

Different methods were explored for the amorphization of ranolazine, a sparingly soluble anti-anginal drug, such as mechanochemistry, quench-cooling, and solvent evaporation from solutions. Amorphous phases, with Tgvalues lower than room temperature, were obtained by cryo-milling and quench-cooling. New forms of ranolazine, named II and III, were identified from the relaxation of the ranolazine amorphous phase produced by cryo-milling, which takes place within several hours after grinding. At room temperature, these metastable polymorphs relax to the lower energy polymorph I, whose crystal structure was solved in this work for the first time. A binary co-amorphous mixture of ranolazine and tryptophan was produced, with three important advantages: higher glass transition temperature, increased kinetic stability preventing relaxation of the amorphous to crystalline phases for at least two months, and improved aqueous solubility. Concomitantly, the thermal behavior of amorphous tryptophan obtained by cryo-milling was studied by DSC. Depending on experimental conditions, it was possible to observe relaxation directly to the lower energy form or by an intermediate metastable crystalline phase and the serendipitous production of the neutral form of this amino acid in the pure solid phase.

Phytochemical investigations of the ethanolic extract of leaves of Clutia lanceolata(Family: Euphorbiaceae) resulted in the isolation of four compounds viz. 3,4-dihydroxy-2-methylbenzoic acid (1), 2,2′-dihydroxy-1,1′-binaphthyl (2), 1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methylanthracene-9,10-dione (3) and 5-hydroxy-1,7-bis(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)hepta-1,4,6-trien-3-one (4). Although all the isolated compounds were known but this was the first report from this plant source. Their structures were established on the basis of chemical and physical evidences viz. elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and mass spectral analysis. Structure of compound 2and 4was further authenticated by single-crystal X-ray analysis and density functional theory calculations. The isolated compounds (1–4) were screened for AChE enzyme inhibition assay in which compound 3and 4were found to be more potent AChE inhibitor. Molecular docking study of potent AChE inhibitor was performed to find the probable binding mode of the compounds into the active site of receptor. Moreover, the isolated compounds were also screened for in vivo cytotoxicity by brine shrimp lethality assay.

Considering the absence of standards for culture collections and more specifically for biological resource centers in the world, in addition to the absence of certified biological material in Brazil, this study aimed to evaluate a Fungal Collection from Fiocruz, as a producer of certified reference material and as Biological Resource Center (BRC). For this evaluation, a checklist based on the requirements of ABNT ISO GUIA34:2012 correlated with the ABNT NBR ISO/IEC17025:2005, was designed and applied. Complementing the implementation of the checklist, an internal audit was performed. An evaluation of this Collection as a BRC was also conducted following the requirements of the NIT-DICLA-061, the Brazilian internal standard from Inmetro, based on ABNT NBR ISO/IEC 17025:2005, ABNT ISO GUIA 34:2012 and OECD Best Practice Guidelines for BRCs. This was the first time that the NIT DICLA-061 was applied in a culture collection during an internal audit. The assessments enabled the proposal for the adequacy of this Collection to assure the implementation of the management system for their future accreditation by Inmetro as a certified reference material producer as well as its future accreditation as a Biological Resource Center according to the NIT-DICLA-061.

Solution-processed near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes (NIR-OLEDs) with structure glass/indium–tin oxide/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonate)/Er-complex/Ca/Al based on a novel Er(III) complex, [Er(tfnb)3(bipy)] (Htfnb = 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-(2-naphthyl)-1,3-butanedione and bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) have been manufactured and their properties have been studied. A complete quenching of the organic ligand visible emission is shown, and only the sensitized 1.5 μm electroluminesce from Er(III) results. From the electrical characteristic we present the mobility dependence on applied voltage using a numerical model, comparing it to poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene), a commercial semiconducting polymer with optical properties close to those of the molecular ligands. The synthesis of the novel complex together with a detailed analysis of its structure elucidated by XRD, 1H NMR, Raman, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopies is presented. A wide-ranging characterization of its photophysical properties in terms of absorption and steady and transient photoluminescence is used to investigate the energy-transfer process from the organic ligand to the central Er(III) ion.

The crystal structure of (µ3-Oxo)-hexakis(µ2-cyanoacetato)-triaqua-tri-iron(III) nitrate pentahydrate shows that the trinuclear ferric complex has an equilateral molecular structure which is manifested in the 57Fe Mössbauer spectrum single doublet. The magnetic measurements reveal antiferromagnetic exchange interactions of –22.85 cm-1, between the metal centers, that compel the system to a total spin ground state of S = ½.

A new vanadium complex [ V(C12H8N2) ·O2·(H2O)]·NO3·H2O h as been synthesized from a simple reaction and the crystal structure has been determined by means of single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Monoclinic, P2(1)/c. a = 9.5137(2) Å b = 19.3181(4) Å c = 7.51800(10) Å α=γ=90 β= 93.6830. V= 1378.85(4) Å3. Z=2. Rgt(F) = 0.0255, wRref(F2) = 0.0809. T= 273(2) K. The compound consisted of a [ V(C12H8N2) ·O2·(H2O)]+ cation, one NO3- anion and one water molecular. Molecule structure is stabilized by OHN , OHO intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonds.

Petroleum ether-benzene extract of the leaves of Ficus krishnae afforded a novel halogenated 2H-chromen-2-one named 3-chloro-7-methoxy-4-methyl-chromen-2-one. Its structure was established on basis of chemical and physical evidence (IR, 1H NMR, and MS data) as well as on X-ray crystallographic studies.

The reactivity of allenic esters towards activated Nsulfonylimines in the presence of DABCO was explored. A formal [2+2] cycloaddition of benzyl buta2,3dienoate and Narylidenebenzenesulfonamides yielded mainly 2methyleneazetidines. Interestingly, a DABCOcatalysed reaction of 2,3allenoates, bearing a chiral auxiliary on the ester moiety, with Narylidenebenzenesulfonamides led to optically active azaBaylis–Hillman products and 2azetine derivatives.

In this study the synthesis of an amorphous polymer network, poly[oxymethylene-oligo(oxyethylene)], designated as aPEO, is described. This polymer has been characterized by gel permeation chromatography, thermal analysis, conductivity measurements, evaluation of electrochemical stability and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The synthetic procedure developed permits partial fractionation of the product of the polymerization reaction. This host appears to be a promising polymer for application in batteries and electrochromic devices since it provides access to amorphous linear macromolecules with good mechanical properties and promising electrochemical behavior.

Nowadays electrochromic materials have been attracting much interest in controllable light-reflective or light-transmissive devices for optical information and storage. These devices have potential use in various applications such automotive industry (rear-view mirrors and visors) and architecture ("smart-windows" for vehicles and buildings) [1]. In this work a new kind of conducting materials produced by solvent-casting technique with commercial gelatin, doped with lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) are reported. Recent attention has been focused on the use of natural polymers due to their biodegrability, low production cost and good physical and chemical properties. The characterization of the electrolytes prepared will be made with data obtained by thermal analysis and studies of ionic conductivity. Electrolyte samples were obtained as transparent, amorphous films and at room temperature the highest conductivity was observed with the gelatin 5% LiClO4 EC + PC composition (2.04x10-9 ohm-1cm-1).

Solid polymer electrolytes based on poly(trimethylene carbonate) and poly(ethylene oxide) interpenetrating networks doped with lithium hexafluoroantimonate have been prepared and characterized by measurements of ionic conductivity, cyclic voltammetry, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry. Electrolytes with lithium salt compositions of n between 5 and 15 (where n represents the total number of cation-coordinating units per lithium ion) and a host polymer component of -(O=COCH2CH2CH2O)n- units contributing between 5 and 15 wt% of the electrolyte formulation, were prepared by co-dissolution in acetonitrile. The solvent casting technique was used to produce flexible, transparent and free-standing films.

A simple and efficient approach to the synthesis of the new chiral hexahydropyrrolo [1',2',5':3,4,5]thiazolo[3,4-c]oxazol-1-one ring system is reported. Infrared spectroscopy, quantum-chemical calculations and X-ray analysis allowed the stereochemistry assignment of (2aS,4aR,6aR)-2a,3,4,4a,6,6ahexahydropyrrolo-[ 1',2',5':3,4,5]thiazolo[3,4-c]oxazol-1-one.

X-ray powder diffraction data for N,N'-diphenylguanidinium nitrate, within the temperature range of 103?293 K, are reported. The pattern at 293 K was confirmed by a fitting of the overall parameters performed with FULLPROFusing the atomic parameters obtained from single-crystal studies. The compound is orthorhombic, space group Pna21(33), with unit-cell parameters a=1.7058(4) nm, b=1.3933(3) nm, c=0.5821(1) nm, and V=1.3834(6) nm3. The unit-cell parameters for the other six temperatures measured were determined by performing pattern matching with FULLPROF. The unit-cell volume contracted on cooling from 1.3834(6) nm3to 1.3403(4) nm3. The thermal expansion tensor was calculated from the changes of the unit-cell parameters with temperature. The elements of the thermal expansion tensor at 293 K are ?11=125(4),?22=57(9), and ?33=82(3)?10?6K?1.

The photodegradation of EPDM based on dicyclopentadiene was followed by FTIR spectroscopy and the main photo-oxidation products were identified by derivatization reactions. It could be found that the photodegradation is initiated at the diene with formation of α,β–unsaturated carbonyl compounds and is then propagated to the ethylene-propylene segments. The propagation reactions are accelerated and, hence, the rate of photodegradation increases with the diene content.

Electrochromic materials have attracted considerable attention during the last two decades as a consequence of their potential application in several different types of optical devices. Examples of these devices include intelligent windows and time labels. In this paper the authors describe results obtained with thin tungsten oxide films produced at room temperature by rf magnetron sputtering under an argon and oxygen atmosphere on transparent conductive oxide coated glass substrates. To protect the surface of the electrochromic film, prevent water absorption and obtain a good memory effect under open circuit voltages, a layer of Ta2O5 was deposited over the WO3 films. In this study, the effect of different electrolyte compositions on the open circuit memory of optical devices has been characterized. The best results were obtained for electrochromic devices with polymer gel p(TMC)3LiClO4 and p(TMC)8LiClO4 electrolytes. These prototype devices present an overall transmittance of ~75% in their bleached state and after coloration 40.5 and 52.5% respectively. These devices also show memory effect and an optical density considered satisfactory for some electrochromic applications.

Hexa-acetate-tetra-aqua-trimanganese diglycine dihydrated retains the two-dimensional character of commercial manganese diacetate tetrahydrate. The manganese atoms assemble in short centrosymetric chains that are further bridged through the carboxylic group of the acetate ions agglomerating the chains into a two-dimensional pattern. The layers are bonded through H-bonds involving the zwitterionic glycine and the solvate water molecules. Susceptibility measurements show a ferrimagnetic behaviour of the sample.

Insertion of benzonitrile and acetonitrile into the U–C bond of UTpMe2Cl2CH2SiMe3 TpMe2 HB3,5-Me2pz3 gives the ketimide complexes UTpMe2Cl2NCRCH2SiMe3 R Ph 1; Me 2. The identity of complex 1was ascertained by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. In the solid state 1exhibits octahedral geometry with a short U–N bond length to the ketimide ligand. We also report herein the synthesis and the X-ray crystal structures of the uranium amide complexes UTpMe2Cl2NR2 R Et 3; Ph 4. A detailed comparison of the U–N bond lengths in these compounds with other known U–N and Th–N distances in amide and ketimide actinideiv complexes is performed, confirming the short character of the U–N bond length in 1.

In this paper we describe a new environmentally friendly method to promote the stereoselective epoxidation of Δ4- and Δ5-steroids. Metalloporphyrins efficiently catalyze the epoxidation reactions of 17β-acetoxy-4-androstene (1), 4-cholestene (2) and 3β-acetoxy-5-cholestene (3) in the presence of H2O2 as oxygen donor. Modeling the molecular structure of the porphyrin as well as the central metal allows the control of the preferential formation of α- or β-epoxides. Porphyrins with bulky, electron-withdrawing groups in the ortho positions of the meso phenyls and with MnIII as the central metal ion, such as [Mn(TDCPP)Cl], gave preferentially the β-epoxide of Δ4- and Δ5-steroids. [Fe(TPFPP)Cl] catalyzes preferentially the α-epoxidation of Δ4-steroids and also increases the stereoselectivity for the α-epoxide in Δ5-steroids, similar to the results obtained with m-CPBA (m-chloroperbenzoic acid) as oxidant. The substrate structure strongly influences the chemoselectivity of the reactions. The X-ray structures of two main products were determined, and two-dimensional NMR techniques allowed the full assignment of 1H and 13C NMR resonances as well as the stereochemistry of these products. A mechanistic proposal involving oxo species for the β-approach and peroxy species for the α-approach is proposed. (© Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)

3‐Carbethoxy‐5‐phenyl‐5H,7H‐thiazolo[3,4‐c]oxazol‐4‐ium‐1‐olate was generated from (2R,4R)‐N‐ethoxyoxalyl‐2‐phenylthiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid and its reactivity studied. This münchnone showed low reactivity as dipole although from the reaction with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate the corresponding (3R)‐3‐phenyl‐17H,3H‐pyrrolo[1,2‐c]thiazole‐5,6,7‐tricarboxylate could be isolated. The thermolysis of (2R,4R)‐N‐ethoxyoxalyl‐2‐phenylthiazolidine‐4‐carboxylic acid in refluxing acetic anhydride led to the synthesis of N‐(1‐ethoxycarbonyl‐2‐phenylvinyl)‐2‐phenyl‐4‐thioxo‐1,3‐thiazolidine. The structure of methyl (2R,4R)‐N‐ethoxyoxalyl‐2‐phenylthiazoliddine‐4‐carboxylate was determined by X‐ray crystallography.

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Nineteen filamentous fungi, isolated from estuarine sediments in Brazil, were screened for degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). The fungal isolates were incubated with pyrene. The cultures were extracted and metabolites in the extracts were detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and u.v. spectral analyses. Six fungi were selected for further studies using [4,5,9,10-14C]pyrene. Cyclothyriumsp., Penicillium simplicissimum, Psilocybesp., and a sterile mycelium demonstrated the ability to transform pyrene. Cyclothyriumsp. was the most efficient fungus, transforming 48% of pyrene to pyrene trans-4,5-dihydrodiol, pyrene-1,6-quinone, pyrene-1,8-quinone and 1-hydroxypyrene. This fungus was also evaluated with a synthetic mixture of PAH. After 192 h of incubation, Cyclothyriumsp. was able to degrade simultaneously 70, 74, 59 and 38% of phenanthrene, pyrene, anthracene and benzo[a]pyrene, respectively.

Portuguese type familial amyloid polyneuropathy (FAP) is a neuropathic amyloidosis caused by a mutant transthyretin (TTR). Varying degrees of renal involvement have been reported. Our aim was to assess the value of microalbuminuria (MA) for predicting clinical neurological disease and overt nephropathy in TTR-related amyloidosis.

By using multinuclear (1H, 13C, 17O, 95Mo, 183W) magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1D and 2D), quinic acid is found to form 2 homologous complexes with both tungsten(vi) and molybdenum(vi), in aqueous solution. Two isomeric 1 ∶ 2 (metal ∶ ligand) complexes involving the carboxylate and the adjacent OH groups are present in the pH range 2–11. One of the W(vi) complexes with quinic acid, WO₂(C₇H₁₀O₆)₂2− has been isolated in the solid state and characterised by X-ray diffraction, the tungsten atom being six-coordinated in an approximate square bipyramidal geometry. This structure is identical to that proposed for the most stable complex in solution. In the presence of hydrogen peroxide and with both metals, quinic acid forms one 1 ∶ 1 ∶ 2 (metal ∶ ligand ∶ peroxide) species, also involving the carboxylate and the adjacent OH groups.

Reaction of UCl₄ with one equivalent of the thallium salt of [HB(3-Mspz)₃]⁻ (=Tp^Ms, Ms = mesityl) afforded UCl₃Tp^Ms* 1, due to isomerization of the Tp^Ms ligand to give [HB(3-Mspz)₂(5-Mspz)]⁻ (=Tp^Ms*). Crystals of UCl₃Tp^Ms 2 were obtained fortuitously in one particular instance, but a real synthetic route to this compound was not achieved. 1 adds THF to afford UCl₃Tp^Ms*·THF 3. Derivatization of 1 allowed the synthesis of UCl₂[N(SiMe₃)₂]Tp^Ms* 4 and UCl₂[C₆H₄CH₂NMe₂-o]Tp^Ms* 5. The X-ray analysis of 1, 2 and 4 revealed that the uranium centre is in an octahedral configuration, while in 5 the uranium is seven-coordinated by an additional U–N donor bond due to the chelating nature of the hydrocarbyl ligand. Nitriles and isocyanides do not insert into the U–C bond of 5, but reaction with acetone leads to formation of the uranium aldolate UCl₂[η²-OC(Me₂)₂CH₂C(O)Me]Tp^Ms* 6.

The outbreak of the disease caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) has been affecting society's routine and its patterns of interaction worldwide, in addition to the impact on the global economy. To date, there is still no clinically effective treatment for this comorbidity, and drug repositioning might be a good strategy considering the established clinical safety profile. In this context, since COVID-19 affects the respiratory tract, a promising approach would be the pulmonary drug delivery.

Trichoderma, an anamorphic Hypocreaceae (class Ascomycetes), is common in the environment, especially in soils. Species of this genus have been used in the production of cellulolytic and hemicellulolytic enzymes, biological control of plant disease, biodegradation of chlorophenolic compounds, and soil bioremediation. They are also the cause of disease in commercially produced mushrooms. The species Trichoderma has not been clearly defined yet, despite being a very common fungus with an expanding number of applications. Therefore, we highlight the importance of the use of molecular techniques along with conventional methodologies based on morphological characters in order to achieve a "natural" taxonomic system for this group of fungi, as well as for any other complex group of fungi.

Tetralogia de Fallot (TOF) é a cardiopatia congénita cianótica mais comum. A sobrevivência até à idade adulta após correção cirúrgica é expectável, levando ao aumento da população de adultos com TOF corrigida. Nesta revisão da literatura, pretendemos sumarizar a evidência relativamente à qualidade de vida (QoL) destes doentes. Procedemos a uma pesquisa na Pub-Med de artigos publicados entre Janeiro de 2010 e Junho de 2020, utilizando os termos “Tetralogy of Fallot”, “repaired”, “adults” e “quality of life”. Para avaliação subjetiva do estado de saúde a maioria dos estudos usaram o questionário Short-Form-36. A maioria concluiu que os complexos físico e mental são inferiores nos adultos com TOF corrigida, quando comparados aos grupos de controlo. No entanto, a maioria dos doentes refere níveis de satisfação com as suas vidas e de participação social semelhantes. A maioria concluiu o ensino secundário ou universitário. Um nível de educação superior, género masculino e ter um companheiro foram positivamente associados a estar empregado. Os estudos não encontram diferença na proporção de doentes casados ou a viver maritalmente. Esta população apresenta taxa de reprodução inferior à população de controlo. Um achado consistente entre os estudos é a inferioridade dos parâmetros físicos, comparativamente ao desempenho psicossocial. As necessidades diversas dos adultos com TOF corrigida requerem uma abordagem multidisciplinar, que tenha em consideração todos os aspetos que podem influenciar a qualidade de vida destes doentes. Apesar das limitações físicas, é encorajador perceber que a maioria dos adultos com TOF corrigida conquistam vidas independentes e produtivas.

New X-ray powder diffraction patterns for two cholesterol derivatives, cholest-4-ene-3,6-dione and cholest-4-en-3-one are reported in the range 0<2?<115?. Both compounds crystallize in similar monoclinic cells in space-group P21, with unit cell parameters a=10.481(3) ?, b=8.0354(8) ?, c=14.677(3) ?, ?=105.265(7)?, V=1192.5(4) ?3for C27H42O2, and a=10.703(2) ?, b=7.8750(6) ?, c=14.660(3) ?, ?=105.205(14)?, V=1192.4(4) ?3for C27H44O. The patterns, confirmed by single-crystal studies, do not match the PDF 17-1144 and PDF 10-649. A fitting of the overall parameters was performed with Fullprof using the atomic parameters obtained from single-crystal studies.

The title compound, C3H7NO2·C3H8NO2+·NO3−, contains l‐alanine–alaninium dimers bonded viathe carboxyl groups by a strong asymmetric hydrogen bond with an O⋯O distance of 2.4547 (19) Å. The neutral alanine mol­ecule exists as a zwitterion, where the carboxyl group is dissociated and the amino group is protonated. The alaninium cation has both groups in their acidic form. The alanine mol­ecule and the alaninium cation differ only slightly in their conformation, having an N—Cα—C=O torsion angle close to −25°. The dimers and the nitrate anion are joined through a three‐dimensional hydrogen‐bond network, in which the full hydrogen‐bonding capabilities of the amino groups of the two alanine moieties are realised.

ABSTRACTThe U.S. Culture Collection Network held a meeting to share information about how culture collections are responding to the requirements of the recently enacted Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD). The meeting included representatives of many culture collections and other biological collections, the U.S. Department of State, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Secretariat of the CBD, interested scientific societies, and collection groups, including Scientific Collections International and the Global Genome Biodiversity Network. The participants learned about the policies of the United States and other countries regarding access to genetic resources, the definition of genetic resources, and the status of historical materials and genetic sequence information. Key topics included what constitutes access and how the CBD Access and Benefit-Sharing Clearing-House can help guide researchers through the process of obtaining Prior Informed Consent on Mutually Agreed Terms. U.S. scientists and their international collaborators are required to follow the regulations of other countries when working with microbes originally isolated outside the United States, and the local regulations required by the Nagoya Protocol vary by the country of origin of the genetic resource. Managers of diverse living collections in the United States described their holdings and their efforts to provide access to genetic resources. This meeting laid the foundation for cooperation in establishing a set of standard operating procedures for U.S. and international culture collections in response to the Nagoya Protocol.

After 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, the protocols used to control infection lack attention and analysis. We present data about deposits of complete genomic sequences of SARS-CoV-2 in the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data (GISAID) database made between January 2021 and May 31, 2022. We build the distribution profile of SARS-CoV-2 variants across South America, highlighting the contribution and influence of each variant over time. Monitoring the genomic sequences in GISAID illustrates negligence in the follow up of infected patients in South America and also the discrepancies between the number of complete genomes deposited throughout the pandemic by developed and developing countries. While Europe and North America account for more than 9 million of the genomes deposited in GISAID, Africa and South America deposited less than 400 000 genome sequences. Genomic surveillance is important for detecting early warning signs of new circulating viruses, assisting in the discovery of new variants and controlling pandemics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The reactivity of butadienoates towards aziridines is mainly influenced by the bulkiness of the N‐substituent.

Naphthoquinones undergo 1,3‐dipolar cycloaddition with bicyclic mnchnones generated from thiazolidines affording new pyrrolo‐thiazoles with a fused quinone nucleus.

The DABCO‐catalyzed reaction of allenoate (I), bearing a chiral auxiliary on the ester moiety, with sulfonylimines (II) affords the title products.