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Results of the investigation of multicomponent coating deposition on the metal substrate in the cathode part of a dense plasma focus device are presented. The features of the processes accompanying the coating are considered: evaporation of elements of chromium-manganese austenite 25Cr12Mn20W tube, which was located along the axis of the plasma focus PF-1000 chamber, under high temperature dense deuterium plasma and deposition of the elements on the model material in form of a copper arc. It is shown that, in the realized exposure mode (the power density of the plasma flow qp= 108–109W/cm2in the zone of its impact on the tube and qp= 106W/cm2in the region of interaction of the plasma with the copper substrate), the proposed method makes it possible to obtain a coating of submicron thickness on the substrate surface, which includes the evaporated elements of the steel tube. The combined action of powerful streams of fast deuterons and hot plasma in the central part of the copper arc was examined. The structural state, elemental composition, mechanical characteristics, and possible mechanisms for hardening of the deposited film coating are discussed.

The effects of powerful pulsed ion and high-temperature plasma fluxes generated in a plasma focus (PF) device and the effect of free running laser radiation on a corundum (α-Al2O3) ceramic produced by powder technology are studied. The power flux density qand acting pulse time τ for plasma stream, ion flux, and laser irradiation were qp≈ 107W/cm2and τp≈ 100 ns, qi≈ 108W/cm2and τi≈ 20 ns, and ql≈ (3–5) × 105W/cm2and τl≈ 0.7 ms, respectively. The resistance of the ceramic to pulsed energy fluxes was estimated by the weight loss of irradiated specimens and by the surface layer defects (damage). The combined use of PF and pulsed laser irradiation is shown to allow simulation of the extreme erosion and damage of materials in thermonuclear fusion facilities (such as ELM effects in ITER or at the first wall of inertial confinement chambers).

Complete nucleotide sequences of the mitochondrial DNA of Wistar rats and premature aging rats OXYS, sensitive to cataractogenic effect of galactose, from the Center for collective usage «Gene pool of laboratory animals» of the Institute of Cytology and Genetics (ICG), Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, were investigated (nucleotide sequences were submitted to GenBank). It was shown that two additional unique nucleotide substitutions between rats OXYS (ICG) and Wistar (ICG) are not found in other known nucleotide sequences of mitochondrial DNA of rats and do not result in amino acid substitutions, so that all differences in phenotypic data of these lines are determined only by differences in the genomic DNA. Comparative analysis showed that Wistar (ICG) rats have a significant number of nucleotide substitutions compared to rat strains derived from outbred rat Wistar colony, which contradicts possible relationship of Wistar (ICG) rats to baseline Wistar rat line or its descendants. It was assumed that the Sprague Dawley rat line is the progenitor of Wistar (ICG) rats.

A novel probe for partial local anodic oxidation is presented, which allows bulging regions to be grown on the graphite surface. Based on the scanning probe microscopy observations, it was concluded that the bulging regions consist of graphite oxide. The partial oxidation occurs in two stages, which are related to the formation of C–O bonds on the graphite surface and the adsorbed water intercalation of the oxidized graphite. The bulging regions have low conductivity, therefore their formation is a promising method to be used in the production of nanoelectronic devices.

Abstract Conditions for hydroxyapatite (HAP) synthesis in aqueous solutions by hydrolysis of α-Ca3(PO4)2 were studied. Temperature exerts a substantial effect on the rate of α-Ca3(PO4)2 hydrolysis and also changes the morphology of the reaction products. At 40 °C, the plate-like intersecting (perpendicular to the surface of the initial particles) crystals of HAP grow. Their maximum size after the 24-h hydrolysis is 1–2 µm. Needle like HAP crystals are formed upon boiling of the suspension. The morphology observed for the HAP particles agrees well with the conclusions obtained by analysis of the kinetics of tricalcium phosphate hydrolysis.

Data on the interaction of DNA type I topoisomerases from the murine and human placenta cells with specific and nonspecific oligonucleotides of various structures and lengths are summarized. The relative contributions of various contacts between the enzymes and DNA that have previously been detected by X-ray analysis to the total affinity of the topoisomerases for DNA substrates are estimated. Factors that determine the differences in the enzyme interactions with specific and nonspecific single- and double-stranded DNAs are revealed. The results of the X-ray analysis of human DNA topoisomerase I are interpreted taking into account data on the comprehensive thermodynamic and kinetic analysis of the enzyme interaction with the specific and nonspecific DNAs.

Interaction of the DNA type I topoisomerases from the murine and human placenta cells with nonspecific oligonucleotides was analyzed. The contributions of strong and week nonspecific electrostatic, van der Waals's, and hydrophobic interactions, and hydrogen bonding of the enzymes to the complex formation with the single- and double-stranded DNAs were determined. The factors that determine the top-priority recognition of the topologically stressed DNA were revealed. The results were interpreted in comparison with the X-ray analysis data for human DNA topoisomerase I.

The phenetic structure of Dreissena polymorphapopulations in different water bodies is considered. The phenotypes of shell pattern and sculpture are identified and described using a scheme based on “elementary” characters, or pattern elements. It is shown that the frequencies of phenes in mollusks from different biotopes of the cooling system of two thermal power plants differ significantly. The data on species phenogeography are reviewed.

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