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Objective To investigate the effects of hand–foot syndrome (HFS) and fatigue on disease progression and survival in patients treated with sorafenib followed by regorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods A retrospective analysis of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma treated with sorafenib in our hospital from 1 October 2018 to 31 October 2021 was performed, and clinical and pathological data and follow-up results were obtained. Patients were divided into groups according to the severity of HFS and fatigue. Survival analysis among the groups was performed using the Kaplan–Meier method, continuous variables were analyzed using the t-test, and factors associated with survival were evaluated using multivariate Cox regression analysis.Results The study included 150 men and 23 women with a mean age of 60.77 years (range: 40–85 years). The median overall survival (OS), progression-free survival (PFS), and time to tumor progression (TTP) increased with increasing severity of HFS. Conversely, the median OS, PFS, and TTP decreased with increasing severity of fatigueConclusion HFS and fatigue were independent risk factors affecting TTP, PFS, and OS among patients treated with sorafenib followed by regorafenib for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma.

A solid thin film Ag/AgCl reference electrode modified by polydopamine (PDA) was developed in order to present a stable and fixed reference potential in solution. The reference electrode consists of a silver film, an AgCl layer and a PDA-modified film. The bare Ag/AgCl reference electrode, Nafion-modified Ag/AgCl reference electrode, PDA-modified Ag/AgCl reference electrode and Nafion-PDA-modified Ag/AgCl reference electrode were fabricated respectively. The sensitivity of these reference electrodes in KCl solution was measured, and the PDA-modified reference electrode had a sensitivity of 2.1 mV/pCl. Then the stability and reversibility were tested in different solutions in buffer and cyclic voltammetric characteristics was also investigated. The results showed that the reference electrode modified by PDA was stabled in PBS solution within a month, with a standard deviation of 1.4 mV. The response potential of electrode modified by PDA always recovers to a relatively stable potential and the deviation is less than 5 mV in different pH buffer solutions. The PDA-modified reference electrode also showed minimal drift over 50 cyclic voltammetry tests compared to other reference electrodes. The reference electrode modified by PDA has good reproducibility, and the sensitivity of the sensor composed of the self-made electrode is close to that of the commercial reference electrode.

Herein, a reduced graphene oxide–supported Prussian Blue (rGO‐PB) composite as the cathode catalyst for a passive direct methanol–hydrogen peroxide fuel cell (DMHPFC) is used. Unlike the conventional passive direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with a cathodic catalyst of noble metal platinum (Pt), the new fuel cell uses hydrogen peroxide as the oxidant. This nonnoble metal catalyst has a low cost, high catalytic activity, and high conductivity due to its 3D conductive network. The fuel cell has a theoretical voltage of 1.76 V (higher than 1.21 V related to the traditional DMFC) and can be used in an oxygen‐free environment. Results show that the cell shows good performance with a peak power density of 20.5 mW cm−2at a higher temperature of 85 °C. The polarization and impedance curves indicate that as the temperature increases, the cell performance improves continuously with the decrease in mass transfer resistance. The discharging tests show a stable cell performance under continuous operation. The cell voltage has an instant response to the change in the current output. Herein, a passive direct methanol–hydrogen peroxide fuel cell is developed and the use of nanocube Prussian Blue crystals coated upon reduced graphene oxide as the cathode catalyst made by the low‐temperature hydrothermal method is validated. Due to the high catalytic activity of the catalyst with a unique 3D conductive structure, the fuel cell shows an excellent overall performance.