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Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) services are critical points of intervention for children impacted by trauma. Intervention Mapping was utilised to develop an initiative for trauma-informed organisational change in ECEC. This paper describes how the research team understood the need and opportunity for the program using Intervention Mapping Step 1. This included: (i) convening a planning group, (ii) conducting needs assessment, (iii) describing the context for intervention, and (iv) establishing program goals. Benefits, challenges, and recommendations on using Intervention Mapping for program development in ECEC settings are discussed.

This study explored educators’ perspectives on the role the physical and sensory Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) environment plays in supporting children’s social and emotional development. Ten semi-structured interviews were conducted, in August 2022, at two ECEC sites in Victoria, Australia. Data were thematically analysed and key findings suggest children engage and interact with their environment to facilitate opportunities for social interactions and emotional regulation. Environmental stimuli can have a positive and negative influence on children’s social and emotional competence. Educators reported lack of resources, building design, and limited staffing were barriers to using the environment. Reflective practice, collaboration within teams and services, and access to resources strengthened the use of the environment in everyday practice. Optimal environments rely on educator reflections and responsivity to adapt the environment to the needs of the children utilising the space.

Joint homogenization during transition metal carbides ceramic bonding has attracted much attention as a technique to increase the service temperature and relieve the residual stress for various high-temperature applications. In this work, homogeneous joints of ZrC0.85ceramic were obtained by diffusion bonding using single Nb and multiple Ti/Nb/Ti as the interlayer. The effect of interlayer composition, bonding temperature and holding time on the microstructure of the joints was investigated. The effect of Nb and Ti on the composition homogeneity and the formation of Kirkendall voids in the ZrC0.85joints was also discussed. When using single Nb as the interlayer, the homogenization of the joints can be achieved at a bonding temperature of ∼1500 °C and holding for 1 h and no Kirkendall voids were observed when further increasing the bonding temperature to 1600 °C because of the good mutual solubility of NbCxand ZrCxand the relative moderate diffusion rate of Nb. However, severe Kirkendall effects were observed at a higher temperature of 1700 °C, which would deteriorate the high-temperature performance of the joints. The adoption of Ti/Nb/Ti further minished the diffusion rate difference of the interfacial elements through the formation of TiCxphase. As a result, only a few Kirkendall voids were formed at 1700 °C. Nano-hardness of the resultant homogeneous joints was comparable to that of the ZrC0.85ceramic due to their similar composition. This study shows that active diffusion bonding based on interlayer design for homogeneous joints could pave a new way to join transition metal carbides.

ABSTRACT In this paper, the flow behaviors and self-healing properties of two asphalt binders with different ageing degrees were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) test was first used to [...]

ABSTRACT UV radiation contains high energy which could excite asphalt molecules to excited states or break the covalently bond of asphalt. It leads to the asphalt aging on surface of [...]

ABSTRACT In this paper, two different designs of self-healing asphalt mixtures were promoted, the asphalt mixtures were healed through heating fibers or aggregate respectively. Induction heating and microwave heating were [...]

Probiotic therapy in infected wound healing is hindered by its low viability and colonization efficiency during treatments. Developing dressings that maintain metabolic activity and prevent the potential leakage of probiotics is imperative. Herein, a culture-delivery live probiotics hydrogel dressing is designed and synthesized, formed by gelatin modified with norbornene (GelNB) and sulfhydryl (GelSH), distributing Lactobacillus reuteri(L. reuteri)-laden alginate microspheres (AlgMPs). GelNB-GelSH hydrogel (GelNBSH) incorporating AlgMPs embedding L. reuteri(GelNBSH-L) possesses bioprintability and efficient polymerization that can maintain the activity of L. reuteriin situ, promote its proliferation, and limit its leakage. Thereby, GelNBSH-L achieved a sustainable antimicrobial effect against both S. aureusand E. coli(>90%). Above all, the results show that GelNBSH-L could ensure propitious viability and efficient antibacterial properties of probiotics, effectively inhibit the further development of bacterial infectious wounds and shorten the repair cycle, aiding in ameliorating future clinical probiotic biotherapy.

ABSTRACT As one of the major distresses of asphalt pavement, the moisture damage usually results in a very serious loss of strength and structural deformation. This paper aimed to study [...]

ABSTRACT In this paper, the flow behaviors of asphalt binders were investigated through DSR viscosity-frequency sweep test to find out their potential optimal self-healing temperatures and the real self-healing ratios [...]

ABSTRACT Layered Double Hydroxides (LDHs) are a family of intercalated functional materials with a layered structure and regarded as an effective modifier to improve the UV ageing resistance of bitumen. [...]

Realist research is increasingly used to evaluate complex interventions. However, it can be challenging to codify and implement, with few examples to guide the process. This article describes how a team of social care leaders, practitioners and researchers developed initial program theories for the Trauma Consultancy Service (TraCS) in early learning settings, as the first phase of a realist evaluation. It explores conceptualisation of realist terminology, design and facilitation of realist interviews, and data coding and analysis using retroductive reasoning. Qualitative interviews with the TraCS team focused on understanding contextual factors, resources provided by TraCS consultants, changes in educators’ reasoning and how components interacted to generate educator and child outcomes. Eight program theories capture how TraCS supports educators to develop a trauma-informed lens and practice. This research contributes to understanding of the benefits of welfare sector-driven consultancy in early childhood.

The primary challenge in utilizing acidic aggregates in bitumen mixtures lies in enhancing the adhesive bond between the bitumen and the acidic aggregates. In this manuscript, to investigate the adhesion of different geopolymer modified bitumen with acidic aggregates, fly ash geopolymer (FG), fly ash- ground granulated blast furnace geopolymer (SFG), and ground granulated blast furnace (SG) were prepared by fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace (GGBFS) with alkali activator. The different geopolymers were characterized with SEM, XRD, FTIR. Different geopolymer modified bitumen was prepared by adding geopolymers into virginal bitumen. The conventional properties, viscosity, and rheological properties of modified bitumen were measured and analysed. The adhesion of bitumen to acidic aggregates was tested by Zeta potential test, the improved boiling water test and pull-off test. The results showed that the electronegativity of bitumen and acidic aggregates were weakened significantly by Na+in skeletal structure of fly ash geopolymer. The high temperature stability of fly ash geopolymer modified bitumen was improved and the bond strength of bitumen with acidic aggregates increased remarkably with the addition of 9 % fly ash geopolymer.

Recently, whether drylands of Northwest China (NW) have become wetting has been attracting surging attentions. By comparing the Standard Precipitation Evapotranspiration Indices (SPEI) derived from two different potential evapotranspiration estimates, i.e., the Thornthwaite algorithm (SPEI_th) and the Penman-Monteith equation (SPEI_pm), we try to resolve the controversy. The analysis indicated that air temperature has been warming significantly at a rate of 0.4°C decade−1in the last five decades and the more arid areas are more prone to becoming warmer. Annual precipitation of the entire study area increased insignificantly by 3.6 mm decade−1from 1970 to 2019 but NW presented significantly increasing trends. Further, the SPEI_th and SPEI_pm demonstrated similar wetting-drying-wetting trends (three phases) in China’s drylands during 1970–2019. The common periodical signals in the middle phase were identified both by SPEI_th and SPEI_pm wavelet analysis. Analysis with different temporal intervals can lead to divergent or even opposite results. The attribution analysis revealed that precipitation is the main climatic factor driving the drought trend transition. This study hints that the wetting trend’s direction and magnitude hinge on the targeted temporal periods and regions.

The ultimate goal of cutaneous wound healing is to reform a stratified epithelium to restore the normal epidermal barrier, which involves the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process. However, healing strategies based on EMT induction are immature and ambiguous to date. Excessive induction of EMT may cause fibrosis, hypertrophic scarring, and increased risk of malignancy. Here, we present a new EMT-inducing strategy for eliciting partial EMT to facilitate proper epithelial cell migration. The new EMT-inducing system integrates black phosphorus nanosheets (BPNSs), catechol-modified chitosan (CA-CS), and oxidized dextran (Odex) to engineer an adhesive hydrogel patch (C&BP-Patch) with remarkable efficacy on infectious burn wound healing. The C&BP-Patch can orchestrate key early skin wound healing processes including hemostasis, inflammation, and proliferation, which enable fast partial EMT induction to restore an intact epithelial barrier. The C&BP-Patch acts initially as a high-performance bio-sealant to create a moist and stable microenvironment for EMT. Moreover, the photothermal effects of the C&BP-Patch can eliminate bacteria, accelerate microcirculation and reduce inflammation to maintain a proper EMT. Most importantly, the BPNSs can intrinsically induce partial EMT of epithelial cells viaa Snail1-mediated signaling pathway. Therefore, our study proposes a new strategy for effective infectious burn wound healing based on inducing partial EMT.

Superhydrophobicity and underwater superoleophobicity demonstrate mutual advantages in various water-related interfacial applications. However, achieving such two opposite superwetting states on a single one-fabric surface without introducing any continuous external stimulus remains a great challenge. In this work, a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) modification methodology for achieving superhydrophobicity and underwater superoleophobicity on a single one-fabric surface is presented. The CVD methodology plays a crucial role in realizing such unusual superwetting properties that can be achieved through a moderate synergetic effect from hydrophobic and hydrophilic components in surface chemistry. Driven only by gravity, the as-prepared fabric with reasonable resistance to repeatable laundering cycles and long-time corrosive liquid submersion can be further applied in high-efficiency on-demand oil–water separation.

Modern data-driven applications require that databases support fast analytical queries while undergoing rapid updates---often referred to as Hybrid Transactional Analytical Processing (HTAP). Achieving fast queries and updates in a database management system (DBMS) is challenging since optimizations to improve analytical queries can cause overhead for updates. One solution is to use snapshot isolation (SI) for multi-version concurrency control (MVCC) to allow readers to make progress regardless of concurrent writers.In this paper, we propose the Parallel Binary Tree (P-Tree) index structure to achieve SI and MVCC for multicore in-memory HTAP DBMSs. At their core, P-Trees are based on pure (immutable) data structures that use path-copying for updates for fast multi-versioning. They support tree nesting to improve OLAP performance while still allowing for efficient updates. The data structure also enables parallel algorithms for bulk operations on indexes and their underlying tables. We evaluate P-Trees on OLTP and OLAP benchmarks, and compare them with state-of-the-art data structures and DBMSs. Our experiments show that P-Trees outperform many concurrent data structures for the YCSB workload, and is 4--9 x faster than existing DBMSs for analytical queries, while also achieving reasonable throughput for simultaneous transactional updates.

Aim:This study evaluated the impact of CYP3A5genotype and other patient characteristics on sublingual (SL) tacrolimus exposure and compared the relationship with oral administration. Patients & methods:Tacrolimus concentrations were retrospectively collected for adult lung transplant recipients, who were genotyped for CYP3A53, CYP3A422, CYP3A71C, and POR28. Regression analyses were performed to determine covariates that impacted the SL and oral tacrolimus concentration/dose ratios. Results:An interaction of CYP3A5genotype and CYP3A inhibitor increased the SL concentration/dose, while cystic fibrosis decreased the SL concentration/dose. The oral concentration/dose was independently associated with these covariates and was increased by serum creatinine and number of tacrolimus doses. Conclusion:This study suggests personalized dosing strategies for tacrolimus likely need to consider characteristics beyond CYP3A5genotype.

In modern China, conflicts between doctors and patients with their families have become increasingly serious. Lack of communication skills is one of the major challenges faced by many residents. Surgical residents' attitudes toward communication are of great significance to communication skills learning. The Communication Skills Attitude Scale (CSAS) is a widely validated and popularly used tool for assessing the attitudes of medical students toward communication skills. The aim of this study was to develop a Chinese version of the CSAS in order to explore attitudes toward communication skills among Chinese surgical residents and to test the psychometric properties of the modified instrument.

Through 3.7 billion years of evolution and natural selection, plants and animals in nature have ingeniously fulfilled a broad range of fascinating functions to achieve optimized performance in responding and adapting to changes in the process of interacting with complex natural environments. It is clear that the hierarchically organized micro/nanostructures of the surfaces of living organisms decisively manage fascinating and amazing functions, regardless of the chemical components of their building blocks. This conclusion now allows us to elucidate the underlying mechanisms whereby these hierarchical structures have a great impact on the properties of the bulk material. In this review, we mainly focus on advances over the last three years in bioinspired multiscale functional materials with specific wettability. Starting from selected naturally occurring surfaces, manmade bioinspired surfaces with specific wettability are introduced, with an emphasis on the cooperation between structural characteristics and macroscopic properties, including lotus leaf-inspired superhydrophobic surfaces, fish scale-inspired superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic surfaces, springtail-inspired superoleophobic surfaces, and Nepenthes(pitcher plant)-inspired slippery liquid-infused porous surfaces (SLIPSs), as well as other multifunctional surfaces that combine specific wettability with mechanical properties, optical properties and the unidirectional transport of liquid droplets. Afterwards, various top-down and bottom-up fabrication techniques are presented, as well as emerging cutting-edge applications. Finally, our personal perspectives and conclusions with regard to the transfer of micro- and nanostructures to engineered materials are provided.

In this article, the 166TYHB road microwave maintenance vehicle was used as the main equipment, aiming at the investigation of the application characteristics of microwave healing technology on asphalt pavement and proving the effective of microwave heating technology in practice. The heating performance and healing behavior of steel fiber modified asphalt pavement under microwave irradiation were analyzed. The maintenance technology of asphalt pavement was designed and optimized, and the corresponding relationship between the maintenance effect of 800 W microwave oven in the laboratory test and the maintenance effect of 90 kW road maintenance vehicle in practical construction was established. The test results showed that with the curing of microwave irradiation, the steel fiber modified asphalt pavement presented an excellent healing performance, and the heating rate of the surface of asphalt pavement could reach as high as 26 °C/min. Meanwhile, as there is no need to apply another raw materials during the maintenance stage, the Pavement Condition Index(PCI) of asphalt pavement could be improved to a high degree, which is much beneficial to maintain the comfortability of pavement.

Utilizing brake pad waste (BPW) in asphalt mixture can not only reduce the consumption of natural mineral material, but also alleviate the environmental pollution problem caused by such solid waste. This paper concentrates on the feasibility and strategy of using BPW as aggregate in asphalt mixture. Firstly, BPW aggregate within five different particle sizes were separately used to replace the limestone aggregate or filler with different proportions (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) in asphalt mixture by the volume control method. The corresponding optimum asphalt contents of 21 kinds of asphalt mixtures were determined by the Marshall design procedure. Due to its high asphalt-absorption, BPW aggregate would increase the optimum asphalt content of asphalt mixture, which depends on the particle size of BPW aggregate. To meet the Chinese Standard Specification for asphalt mixture, the maximum substitution proportions for the BPW aggregates of 0–0.075 mm, 0.075–2.36 mm, 2.36–4.75 mm, 4.75–9.5 mm, 9.5–16 mm were 75%, 50%, 25%, 100%, and 100%, respectively. On this basis, BPW mixture simultaneously using the BPW aggregate with different sizes and the corresponding maximum substitution proportions were prepared and evaluated by a series of laboratory tests as well. Results implied that BPW mixture (BPW-M) outperformed the limestone asphalt mixture (Control-M) in term of the moisture stability, the high-temperature performance, the low-temperature property, and the fatigue life. Furthermore, dynamic modulus test results indicated that BPW-M mixture was more stiffness at relative low frequency (high temperature) and more flexible at relative high frequency (low temperature). Overall, this study verifies the feasibility and provides a reference datum of using BPW materials as aggregate in asphalt mixture.

The ice on the surface of asphalt pavement in winter significantly influences the road transportation safety. This paper aims at the improvement of the ice melting efficiency on the surface of asphalt pavement. The steel slag asphalt concrete was prepared and the high ice melting efficiency was achieved with the microwave heating. A series of experiments were conducted to evaluate the ice melting performance of steel slag asphalt concrete, including the heating test, ice melting test, thermal conductivity test and so on. The results indicated that the microwave heating of steel slag concrete can improve the efficiency of deicing, mainly because the heating rates of steel slag asphalt mixture are much better than traditional limestone asphalt mixture. According to different thickness lever of ice, the final temperatures of each sample were very close to each other at the end of melting test. It is believed the thickness of the ice has a limited impact on the ice melting efficiency. According to the heating tests results, the bonding of ice and asphalt concrete is defined failure at the moment when the surface temperature of the ice reached 3 degC.

In this paper, the ice melting performance of asphalt concrete with steel fibers was studied. Steel fiber modified asphalt mixtures were prepared, five different fiber amount of steel fiber modified asphalt mixtures were mixed to study their induction heating rate. The samples covered with different thickness of ice were heated with induction heating to study their ice melting efficency. It was proved that the induction heating of steel fiber modified asphalt mixtures could significantly improve their ice melting efficency compared with the natural condition. And it was found that the thickness of the ice had little influence on the induction heating rate of the asphalt concrete.