Search

X-PLY Corrugated Paperboard is a new type of cushioning packaging materials, which has a light weight, strength and stiffness and other advantages, usually be made into cushioning pads (pieces) and used in the field of logistics and transport packaging to protecting internal product from shock and vibration. In the actual logistics process,external vibration excitation is often caused package resonance and lead to final damage of the package, so understanding the package natural frequencies and mode shapes, which can avoid package resonance factors causing unnecessary losses. By using of Lanczos modal analysis method in ANAYS simulation software, we obtains the first-fourth natural frequency and vibration mode of X-PLY (A) corrugated paperboard cushion pads under three different static stress. By compared simulation results with the previous experimental results, it can be referenced for the promotion and application of X-PLY corrugated board in the field of Cushioning packaging.

The finite element methodology is conceived to obtain the mechanical parameters about dynamic performance of multilayer A-type U-shaped corrugated structure materials under the in-plane crushing loadings with various impact velocities. A simplified energy absorption model is proposed to evaluate the energy-absorption performance. The evaluation model shows that the optimal energy absorption per unit volume is mainly determined by the dynamic plateau stress. The homogeneous deformation mode, transition deformation mode and dynamic deformation mode are gradually observed with the increasing impact velocities. These three different deformation modes are presented in detail. The in-plane dynamic plateau stress depends on the impact velocity for the multilayer A-type U-shaped corrugated structure materials with a given fixed cell wall thickness. From the physical analysis and discussion of the numerical results, the empirical formula of dynamic plateau stress is suggested in terms of impact velocity.

To realize the cushioning optimization of multilayer regularly-arranged circular honeycombs under in-plane crushing loadings with high impact velocities, a finite element model is introduced to obtain the cushioning mechanical parameters. A simplified energy absorption model is used to evaluate the cushioning performance, which shows that the cushioning performance is related to dynamic plateau stress and dynamic densification strain. The impact velocity, deformation mode and configuration parameters determine them. Empirical formulas of critical velocity of deformation mode transition, dynamic densification strain and dynamic plateau stress are given from the discussion of numerical results. A feasible cushioning optimization algorithm is presented in detail.

The finite element (FE) model designed in Part I is used to obtain the cushioning mechanical parameters of square honeycomb cores (SHCs) under in-plane dynamic loadings. A simplified energy absorption model is proposed to evaluate the energy absorption performance of SHCs, which shows that the optimal energy absorption per unit volume is related to dynamic plateau stress and dynamic densification strain that are affected by configuration parameters and impact velocity. The optimal energy absorption efficiency is the reciprocal of dynamic densification strain. The dynamic plateau stress has been discussed in Part I. For SHCs, the dynamic densification strain is independent of impact velocity and determined by configuration parameters. The empirical formulas of cushioning mechanical parameters are derived from physical analysis of FE results. Based on these empirical formulas, the practical cushioning optimization algorithm is presented.

Mechanical behaviors of square honeycombs cores (SHCs) are investigated by using the finite element (FE) simulations under the in-plane dynamic crushing loadings. With the increasing impact velocities, different deformation modes are observed. The force-displacement curves include four regimes with distinct characteristics. The plateau stresses are calculated for the SHCs with different configuration parameters. The dynamic plateau stress is the sum of the static plateau stress and the dynamic enhancement due to the inertia effect. The static plateau stress is proportional to the relative density of SHCs. The dynamic enhancement stress is proportional to the square of impact velocity and the relation coefficient depends on the configuration parameters. The empirical formulas of dynamic plateau stress in terms of configuration parameters and impact velocity are given.

A finite element model is designed to obtain the mechanical parameters about cushioning property of multilayer regular triangular honeycombs under the in-plane crushing loadings with high impact velocities. A simplified energy absorption model is put forward to evaluate the energy absorption performance, which shows that the optimal energy absorption per unit volume is related to dynamic plateau stress and dynamic densification strain. Both depend on the configuration parameters of representative cell and impact velocity. From the physical analysis and discussion of the numerical results, the empirical formulas of dynamic densification strain and dynamic plateau stress are suggested in terms of configuration parameters and impact velocity. Based on these empirical formulas, a feasible cushioning optimization algorithm is put forward and presented.

The dynamic behaviors of triangular honeycombs cores (THCs) are investigated by using the finite element (FE) simulations under the in-plane dynamic crushing loadings. With the increasing impact velocities, different deformation modes are observed and the kinetic energy of specimen increases rapidly. The in-plane dynamic plateau stress is the sum of the static plateau stress and the dynamic enhancement due to the inertia effect. The static plateau stress has been discussed in Part I. When all configuration parameters are kept constant, the dynamic enhancement stress is proportional to the square of impact velocity. For a given impact velocity, the dynamic enhancement stress is proportional to the density of THCs when the expanding angle is kept constant. The in-plane dynamic plateau stress is expressed empirically in terms of configuration parameters and impact velocity.

Mechanical behaviors of triangular honeycombs cores (THCs) are investigated by using the finite element (FE) simulations under the in-plane quasi-static crushing loadings. The deformation process is described in the form of response curves and deformation mode diagrams. The force-displacement curves include four deformation regimes with distinct characteristics. The quasi-static plateau stresses are calculated for the THCs with different configuration parameters. The influences of ratio of cell wall thickness to edge length and expanding angle on the quasi-static plateau stress are discussed in detail. The quasi-static plateau stress is proportional to the relative density of THCs and the expanding angle determines the scale coefficient. The empirical formula of quasi-static plateau stress in terms of ratio of cell wall thickness to edge length and expanding angle is given based on the FE simulation results.

The mechanical behaviors of cissoidal hexagonal cores (CHCs) are investigated by using the finite element (FE) simulations under the in-plane quasi-static crushing loadings. The calculated deformation processes, response curves and values of plateau stress are presented in the forms of diagrams, force-displacement curves or data tables, respectively. The influences of ratio of cell wall thickness to edge length and expanding angle on the quasi-static plateau stress are discussed in detail. The empirical expressions of quasi-static plateau stress in terms of configuration parameters are given based on the FE simulation results.

According to the related experimental standards, the finite element (FE) methodology to calculate the in-plane and out-of-plane moduli of hexagonal honeycombs (HHs) is designed by simulating the experimental loadings. Some simulations were carried out for the hexagonal honeycombs with different configuration parameters. The FE results are consistent with the theoretical ones, which verifies the reliability of FE methodology.

A finite element (FE) model of hexagonal honeycomb cores (HHCs) with single or double cell walls is framed based on the honeycomb cell array, to reproduce the compressive behavior under the quasi-static out-of-plane compression. The FE calculated deformation modes, deformation curves and values of quasi-static plateau stresses are presented in the forms of diagrams, compressive force-displacement curves and data tables, which are consistent with the existing experimental and theoretical calculated results. It is shown that the proposed FE analysis methodology is reliable.