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Along with the constantly updated aircraft structure design, higher performance and reliability design indexes as well as usage of a large portion of new materials especially lightweight composite materials put forward higher requirements for aircraft structure safety. The damage detection, diagnosis, forecast and management become an important part of aircraft Prognostics and Health Management(PHM).In order to better build the Structural Prognostics and Health Management system of a new generation aircraft for the improvement of security, task reliability and economy, this paper introduced the development situation of aircraft composite structural health monitoring and life prediction technologies, classified the existing technologies, and then discussed the principle, quality point, applicability and application situation, finally, pointed out several critical issues which still need further study.