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The Class II–III mixed-valence species have attracted great attention because of the borderline behavior in the Class II to Class III transition. To further investigate those species, a series of binuclear and trinuclear complexes containing cyanide as a bridge, [CpMex(dppp)RuCNRu(dmap)5][PF6]n(x= 0, n= 2 and 3, 1n+; x= 5, n= 2 and 3, 2n+; CpMex= polymethylcyclopentadienyl; dppp = 1,3-bis(diphenyphosphino)propane); dmap = 4-dimethylamino-pyridine) and [CpMex(dppp)Ru–CNRu(dmap)4NCRu(dppp)CpMex][PF6]n(x= 0, n= 2 and 3, 3n+; x= 5, n= 2 and 3, 4n+), were synthesized and characterized using electrochemical and spectroscopic methods as well as single-crystal analysis. For all neutral species, the first oxidation occurs on the N-coordinated Ru entity of the cyanide according to IR spectra and crystallographic data. The mixed-valence complexes 13+–43+show different degrees of electron delocalization and can be classified as Class II–III mixed-valence complexes, as evidenced by the NIR spectra, supported by (TD)DFT calculations. Moreover, variable-temperature electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectra of the mixed-valence species show that 13+and 23+are localized and 33+is temperature-dependent electron delocalized; however, 43+is fully delocalized on EPR time scale. The energy of the intervalence charge transfer (IVCT) band in the NIR region decreases when [CpMexRu] fragments are more electron donating, which is also truly predicted by theoretical calculations.

Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), an immunological disorder that arises from donor T cell activation through recognition of host alloantigens, is the major limitation in the application of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT). Traditional immunosuppressive agents can relieve GVHD, but they induce serious side effects. It is highly required to explore alternative therapeutic strategy. Human amniotic epithelial stem cells (hAESCs) were recently considered as an ideal source for cell therapy with special immune regulatory property. In this study, we evaluated the therapeutic role of hAESCs in the treatment of GVHD, based on our previous developed cGMP-grade hAESCs product. Humanized mouse model of acute GVHD (aGVHD) was established by injection of huPBMCs via the tail vein. For prevention or treatment of aGVHD, hAESCs were injected to the mice on day -1 or on day 7 post-PBMC infusion, respectively. We showed that hAESCs infusion significantly alleviated the disease phenotype, increased the survival rate of aGVHD mice, and ameliorated pathological injuries in aGVHD target organs. We demonstrated that hAESCs directly induced CD4+T cell polarization, in which Th1 and Th17 subsets were downregulated, and Treg subset was elevated. Correspondingly, the levels of a series of pro-inflammatory cytokines were reduced while the levels of the anti-inflammatory cytokines were upregulated in the presence of hAESCs. We found that hAESCs regulated CD4+subset polarization in a paracrine mode, in which TGFβ and PGE2 were selectively secreted to mediate Treg elevation and Th1/Th17 inhibition, respectively. In addition, transplanted hAESCs preserved the graft-versus-leukemia (GVL) effect by inhibiting leukemia cell growth. More intriguingly, hAESCs infusion in HSCT patients displayed potential anti-GVHD effect with no safety concerns and confirmed the immunoregulatory mechanisms in the preclinical study. We conclude that hAESCs infusion is a promising therapeutic strategy for post-HSCT GVHD without compromising the GVL effect. The clinical trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.govas #NCT03764228.

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This study is the first to propose auction models for transportation service procurement (TSP) in Cyber-Physical Internet (CPI). In the TSP problem, shippers are the service buyers who generate a large number of orders, and carriers are the service sellers who can deliver these orders. CPI is a novel concept aiming to completely alter freight transportation to develop a new generation of global logistics network (GLN). The introduction of CPI prompts the rethinking of several TSP basic issues, such as route planning, service mode selection, and real-time pricing based on spatial-temporal information sharing in CPI. Therefore, we first detail two key components of CPI, i.e., the routerand the routing tableand then describe the GLN in CPI through a typical example. We further establish a one-sided Vickrey-Clarke-Groves (O-VCG) online reverse auction mechanism to maximize social welfare. This auction mechanism is built to make decisions according to multidimensional information provided by the routing table about the transport services. Moreover, we further analyze the four important attributes of the auction mechanism, including allocative efficiency, incentive compatibility, individual rationalityand budget balance.We finally conclude with critical challenges and future research directions, including potential TSP auctions in CPI and the applicability of the underlying model to general logistics systems based on spatial-temporal considerations.

Over the past century, the field of antibody discovery has undergone significant evolution, excluding the current exploration stage of artificial intelligence‐based antibody generation and the often overlooked non‐animal sourced antibody discovery, which typically requires mature in vitro affinity and the selection of high‐quality antigen formulations. This journey has traversed various stages, from methods involving serum‐based antibody acquisition, the isolation of B cells capable of perpetual antibody production through hybridoma technology, to the in‐depth exploration of genetic material using the phage display system, and the current stage involving diverse single B cell screening techniques. Additionally, the emergence of machine learning has brought impressive scientific and technological breakthroughs across research domains, proving to be a powerful application in the field of antibody discovery. However, each technique comes with its limitations, such as variability and control challenges in serum‐based acquisition, lengthy and difficult hybridoma‐derived antibody development, potential limitations in sequence and epitope diversity due to immunization biases in phage display techniques, and costly single B cell screening. Protein mass spectrometry sequencing, with shorter acquisition time and lower costs, is seen as a shortcut by diagnostic companies, impacting traditional antibody development. In diagnostic antibody development, methodological differences in downstream assays and the impact of constant regions outside the Fv core are often neglected. This paper deeply analyzes challenges, proposing innovative strategies for the next generation of diagnostic antibody development. Aimed at moving closer to the gold standard of antibody discovery, these strategies enhance the competitiveness of diagnostic reagent products. This study has systematically organized the discovery of antibodies into three stages and analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of each stage. Meanwhile, This study deeply analyzes challenges, proposing innovative strategies for the next generation of diagnostic antibody development. Aimed at moving closer to the gold standard of antibody discovery, these strategies enhance the competitiveness of diagnostic reagent products.

Metal oxide semiconductors have been regarded as ideal candidates for photoelectrochemical (PEC) CO2reduction if the contradiction between photon harvesting and photocarrier collection can be resolved. The novel three-dimensional structure provides an available approach to balancing the above-mentioned contradiction. In this work, CuBi2O4photonic crystal photocathodes with different feature sizes were developed to realize the regulation of optoelectrical properties. The resulted photocathode displays promoted PEC activity as the enhanced photocurrent and CO2reduction activity. Such an excellent performance was attributed to the improved efficiency of charge carrier generation and collection through extending the optical path and shortening the carrier transport distance inside films. COMSOL simulations and PEC spectroscopy analysis confirmed the promoted photon harvesting capacity and carrier dynamics. This work demonstrates a feasible strategy for developing novel photocathodes with modulated microstructures in solar–fuel conversion.

Metal oxide semiconductors are promising candidate photoelectrodes for photoelectrochemical H2O2production if the issues of poor efficiency and selectivity can be resolved. An unfavorable charge transport barrier causes poor carrier collection and kinetics, limiting their efficiency and selectivity. Herein, BiFeO3was used as the model photocathode, and its interfacial charge transport barrier between fluorine-doped tin oxide substrates was modulated by introducing a LaNiO3layer as the charge collection layer. Our findings show the significantly enhanced photoelectrochemical activity of the composite photocathode with an improved photocurrent by three times (−0.9 mA cm−2at 0.6 V vs.RHE) and the H2O2formation up to 278 μmol L−1with doubled faradaic efficiency. It is shown that these enhancements are due to the promoted charge carrier collection and kinetics. This work demonstrates the significant role of the charge collection layer in improving the collection and usage of photocarriers to accelerate the application of solar-to-fuel conversion.

AbstractAiming at studying the condensate flow phenomenon and air-steam–mixture condensation heat transfer underneath a containment vessel surface, a test bench was constructed. The plate dimension was 1.5 × 0.6 m, with Carbozinc 11 coating on the surface, suspended in a pressure vessel with 2.5-m diameter and 4.5-m height. The air-steam mixture was condensed on an inclined plate through natural convection mode and jet mode. By observing flow behavior on the plate through a viewport, four basic regimes were obtained as the inclination angle gradually increased: droplet, droplet to rivulet transition, developed rivulet, and uniform film. During the experiment, we observed a steam atomization phenomenon; therefore, the model predicted better with the atomization effect considered. A simple formula from the condensation data is proposed when the air mole fraction is small. The error between the experimental results and the predicted data is within 25%.

Differences of cyanide leaching between the calcine and the dust from a refractory gold concentrate were investigated by comparative method. Results showed that gold leaching efficiencies of the calcine and the dust were 85.31% and 54.30%, respectively, with direct cyanidation. Contents and existing forms of arsenic and carbon were the main reasons for those differences. The maximum gold leaching efficiencies of the calcine and the dust were 87.70% and 58.60%, respectively, with cyanidation after NaOH pre-leaching. Harmful elements removal, gold loss in NaOH pre-leaching and iron oxides hindrance codetermined gold leaching efficiencies of the calcine and the dust. After H2SO4pre-leaching, the maximum gold leaching efficiencies of the calcine and the dust achieved 94.96% and 80.40%, respectively. The effect of carbonaceous matter was the main reason for differences for leaching efficiencies of the calcine and the dust. Based on those differences, two proper gold extraction processes were put forward, and gold leaching efficiencies for the calcine and the dust achieved 94.91% and 91.90%, respectively.

The increasing emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance are urgent and important global challenges today. The clinical pipeline is lacking in innovative drugs that avoid the development of drug resistance. Macromolecular antimicrobials kill bacteria and fungi through physical disruptions to the cell membrane, which is difficult for microbes to overcome. Recently, we reported antimicrobial polycarbonates that kill microbes viatwo different mechanisms. Polycarbonates functionalized with quaternary ammonium disrupted the lipid bilayer membrane of the microbes, while polycarbonates functionalized with guanidinium translocated the membrane and precipitated cytosolic components. We hypothesized that the combination of these two distinct mechanisms would result in a more than additive increase in antimicrobial efficacy. Block and random copolymers containing both cationic groups had similar minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) as the guanidinium homopolymer on 5 representatives of the ESKAPE pathogens. Interestingly, the random copolymer killed P. aeruginosaand A. baumanniimore rapidly than the block copolymer and the guanidinium homopolymer with the same number of guanidinium groups. Like quaternary ammonium homopolymer, the copolymers killed the bacteria viaa membrane-disruptive mechanism. Then, we simply mixed quaternary ammonium homopolymer and guanidinium homopolymer, and studied antimicrobial activity of the combination at various concentrations. Checkerboard assay results showed that the combination of the polymers, in general, achieved a synergistic or additive effect in inhibiting the growth of bacteria. At concentrations where it exibited a synergistic or additive effect in inhibiting bacterial growth, the combination killed the bacteria effectively (99%–99.9% killing efficiency) although the individual polymers at these concentrations did not exert bactericidal activity. Therefore, it is essential to have the two functional groups on separate molecules to provide synergism. This study provides a basic understanding of polymer design with different cationic groups.

In this paper, a new dosing unit is presented for diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) dosing in combustion engine exhaust emission selective catalyst reduction (SCR) systems. The dosing unit is a plunger-sleeve pump nozzle system driven by a charged solenoid, and is pump-end controlled by pulse width modulation (PWM) signals. The core characteristics of the unit include both metering precision control and failure diagnosis methods. In this study, both physical-mathematical analysis and experiments were carried out. A so-called whole state T3 metering theory was developed by studying the system using a physical-mathematical model based on energy conservation. The study showed that the liquid discharge, which is associated with the plunger-sleeve relative position, correlates well with a measurable variable T3. Experimental investigations verified that the metering results were independent of the state variations in some range and that metering is controlled with high precision. Two typical DEF dosing systems based on the dosing unit and some specific failure modes are introduced. Significant variation of the parameter T3in the T3 model is useful for the detection of specific failure modes.

Detecting hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is obviously indispensable on account of its low toxicity and wide application, and it is still a challenge for developing highly sensitive and selective electrochemiluminescence (ECL) sensors based on the noble metal-free electrode. Hence, we designed an accurate ECL sensor for detecting trace H2O2 based on N-doped porous carbon containing Fe (Fe/N-C) nanocomposites, which were successfully synthesized by pyrolysis of NH2-MIL-101(Fe) metal-organic framework (MOF). Fe/N-C nanocomposite significantly improved the electron transfer process and enhanced the catalytic activity of ECL sensor for trace H2O2 detection. Fe/N-C nanocomposite significantly contributed in the conversion of H2O2 to superoxide radical, followed by the oxidation of luminal which enhanced the electrochemical luminescence signal. Predictably, the ECL sensing strategy at Fe/N-C nanocomposite electrode showed a satisfying linear range from 1 nM to 300 nM for H2O2 detection with limit of detection (LOD) as 0.93 nM (signal to noise ratio (S/N) = 3). Also, the ECL sensor was used to detect H2O2 in real water samples and renal epithelial 293T cells, which justified great promise for the practical ECL detection of H2O2.

As a featured ocular inflammatory disease, autoimmune uveitis is the major cause of blindness in the clinic. Although current immunosuppressive regimens can alleviate the progression of autoimmune uveitis, they have serious side effects. Therefore, an alternative therapeutic strategy is urgently required. The present study investigated the therapeutic efficacy of human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) on autoimmune uveitis in a rat model. Herein, experimental autoimmune uveitis (EAU) was induced in rats via a subcutaneous injection of interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein. EAU rats were treated with hAECs or the vehicle solution via a subretinal injection on day 0 and day 6 after immunization, and rats were sacrificed on day 12 and day 18 for further analysis. The pathological development of EAU was evaluated by slit lamp microscopy. Immune cell infiltration and retinal structure damage were examined by histological examination of hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and immunofluorescence staining. T-cell subsets were detected by flow cytometry, and the levels of inflammatory cytokines were quantified by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). hAEC treatment ameliorated the pathological progression of EAU and preserved the retinal structure organization and thickness, especially in the preventive group that received a subretinal injection on day 0. Moreover, hAECs inhibited the retinal infiltration of macrophages and T-cells. Mechanistically, hAECs modulated the balance of T-cell subsets by downregulating T helper (Th)17 cells and upregulating T regulatory (Treg) cells, as confirmed by decreased interleukin (IL)-17 and increased IL-10 levels in the spleens and lymph nodes of EAU rats. Furthermore, hAECs improved the local cytokine environment in EAU rats by suppressing the monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)-1, IL-17 and interferon (IFN)-γ levels and enhancing the IL-10 in the aqueous humor. Therefore, subretinal transplantation of hAECs in EAU rats ameliorated ocular inflammation, preserved the retinal structure and coordinated the immune balance. The current study provides a novel therapeutic strategy for autoimmune uveitis and related ocular inflammatory diseases in the clinic.

Lithium (Li) metal batteries are attractive due to their high gravimetric and volumetric energy densities. However, they can fail catastrophically due to dendritic nucleation, growth, and penetration through the polypropylene (PP) or polyethylene (PE) separators. Poor electrolyte wetting and non-uniform Li ion flux are known to affect Li dendrite formation, especially since the PP/PE separators have non-uniform pore size distribution and typical organic electrolytes do not wet them well. In this work, we demonstrate that a porous zeolite coating on a commercial PP separator can improve electrolyte wettability and through plane ionic conductivity, giving rise to more uniform Li flux. Consequently, coated separator can delay dendrite penetration and enhance cell performance and safety. We tested Celgard 2400 (uncoated) and zeolite-coated separator (coated) in high energy NMC||Li cells for their rate capability and cycle life performance. Rate capability test for these cells shows that the additional resistance due to the zeolite coating can negatively impact the cell performance at high C-rates. However, cells with the coated separator outperform those with uncoated separator in the cycle life test with improved capacity retention. Symmetric cell studies performed to understand the differences in Li plating morphology indicate initial lower overpotential for the coated separator cells, revealing improved electrolyte wetting and relatively uniform Li flux. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveals zeolite-coating microstructure with evenly distributed zeolite particles and cycled Li metal electrode morphologies. SEM images show much smoother Li plating morphology on Li metal surface in the cells with coated separators. This study highlights the potential of using zeolite-coated separators to enhance lithium metal battery (LMB) performance and safety.

Anticancer drug resistance is a large contributing factor to the global mortality rate of cancer patients. Anticancer macromolecules such as polymers have been recently reported to overcome this issue. Anticancer macromolecules have unselective toxicity because they are highly positively charged. Herein, an anionic biodegradable polycarbonate carrier is synthesized and utilized to form nanocomplexes with an anticancer polycarbonate via self‐assembly to neutralize its positive charges. Biotin is conjugated to the anionic carrier and serves as cancer cell‐targeting moiety. The nanoparticles have sizes of < 130 nm with anticancer polymer loading levels of 38–49%. Unlike the small molecular anticancer drug doxorubicin, the nanocomplexes effectively inhibit the growth of both drug‐susceptible MCF7 and drug‐resistant MCF7/ADR human breast cancer cell lines with low half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50). The nanocomplexes increase the anticancer polymer's in vivo half‐life from 1 to 6–8 h, and rapidly kill BT474 human breast cancer cells primarily via an apoptotic mechanism. The nanocomplexes significantly increase the median lethal dose (LD50) and reduce the injection site toxicity of the anticancer polymer. They suppress tumor growth by 32–56% without causing any damage to the liver and kidneys. These nanocomplexes may potentially be used for cancer treatment to overcome drug resistance. Unlike small molecular anticancer drugs, the biotin‐functionalized anticancer nanocomplexes effectively inhibit the growth of both drug‐susceptible and drug‐resistant cancers via apoptosis with low effective concentrations. They significantly reduce toxicity and prolong blood circulation of anticancer polycarbonate and suppressed tumor growth without causing any damage to major organs. These nanocomplexes may potentially be used for cancer treatment to overcome drug resistance.

Human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs), derived from the innermost layer of the term placenta closest to the fetus, have been shown to be potential seed cells for allogeneic cell therapy. Previous studies have shown a certain therapeutic effect of hAECs. However, no appropriate isolation and culture system for hAECs has been developed for clinical applications. In the present study, we established a serum-free protocol for hAEC isolation and cultivation, in which better cell growth was observed compared with that in a traditional culture system with serum. In addition to specific expression of cell surface markers (CD29, CD166 and CD90), characterization of the biological features of hAECs revealed expression of the pluripotent markers SSEA4, OCT4 and NANOG, which was greater than that in human mesenchymal stem cells, whereas very low levels of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ were detected, suggesting the weak immunogenicity of hAECs. Intriguingly, CD90+ hAECs were identified as a unique population with a powerful immunoregulatory capacity. In a systemic safety evaluation, intravenous administration of hAEC did not result in hemolytic, allergy, toxicity issues or, more importantly, tumorigenicity. Finally, the therapeutic effect of hAECs was demonstrated in mice with radiation-induced damage. The results revealed a novel function of hAECs in systemic injury recovery. Therefore, the current study provides an applicable and safe strategy for hAEC cell therapy administration in the clinical setting.

The laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique is an effective method to detect material composition by obtaining the plasma emission spectrum. The overlapping peaks in the spectrum are a fundamental problem in the qualitative and quantitative analysis of LIBS. Based on a curve fitting method, this paper studies an error compensation method to achieve the decomposition and correction of overlapping peaks. The vital step is that the fitting residual is fed back to the overlapping peaks and performs multiple curve fitting processes to obtain a lower residual result. For the quantitative experiments of Cu, the Cu–Fe overlapping peaks in the range of 321–327 nm obtained from the LIBS spectrum of five different concentrations of CuSO_4·5H_2O solution were decomposed and corrected using curve fitting and error compensation methods. Compared with the curve fitting method, the error compensation reduced the fitting residual about 18.12–32.64% and improved the correlation about 0.86–1.82%. Then, the calibration curve between the intensity and concentration of the Cu was established. It can be seen that the error compensation method exhibits a higher linear correlation between the intensity and concentration of Cu, which can be applied to the decomposition and correction of overlapping peaks in the LIBS spectrum.

Efficient generation and collection of photocarriers is a contradiction for most metal oxide semiconductors. An approach to better understanding and controlling photocarriers’ special collection is critical for solar-fuel conversation. Herein, p-type BiFeO3was chosen to reveal the diffusion length (∼34 nm) limited performance and to develop an approach to boosting photocarrier collection by synergizing photothermoelectric and photoelectric. In this approach, efficient photocarrier collection was realized by two processes: 1) an inner photothermoelectric voltage as the carriers’ driving force to promote drift in the flat band region; 2) the accumulated electrons in the cooling interface consumed photogenerated holes and inhibited recombination. As a result, the composite photocathode shows a state-of-the-art photocurrent of − 0.49 mA·cm−2and an H2O2generation rate of 695 mmol/(L·m2). This work aims to provide a broader understanding of photocarrier collection's limited performance of metal oxide photoelectrode and explore a universal approach to improving it without extra power input.

To determinate the cutoff height of pressure ridges on the sea ice surface, a statistical optimal model with nonlinear constraints is established. The performance criterion consists of two parts: the deviation between the numerical results and the measured data of the ridge height; the deviation between the numerical results and the measured data of the ridge spacing. The cutoff height is taken as the identified parameter. Then, properties of the statistical optimal model and the existence of the optimal parameter are discussed, and the optimal cutoff height is identified via an optimal algorithm. Finally, the obtained optimal cutoff height is applied to separate pressure ridges from other sea ice surface undulations in northwestern Weddell Sea of Antarctic, and the correlation between the ridge height and frequency is demonstrated. Numerical results show that our model and method are both effective than the previous works.

In this paper, based on biological phenomena of different characters at different stages, we propose a nonlinear multi-stage enzyme-catalytic dynamic system with unknown time and system parameters. Such system starts at different initial conditions for formulating batch culture process of glycerol bio-dissimilation to 1,3-propanediol. Some properties of the nonlinear system are discussed. In view of the difficulty in accurately measuring the concentration of intracellular substances and the absence of equilibrium points for the nonlinear system, we quantitatively define biological robustness for the entire process of batch culture instead of one for the approximately stable state of continuous culture. Taking the biological robustness of the intracellular substances together with the relative error between the experimental data and the computational values of the extracellular substances as the cost function, we formulate an identification problem subject to the nonlinear system, continuous state inequality constraints and parameter constraints. Analytical solution to system is not naturally available, therefore, a huge number of numerical computations of the proposed system and the proposed biological robustness make solving the identification problem by a serial computer a very complicated task. To improve computational efficiency, we develop an effective parallelized optimization algorithm, based on the constraint transcription and smoothing approximation techniques, for seeking the optimal time and system parameters. Compared with previous work, we assert that the optimal time and system parameters together with the corresponding nonlinear multi-stage dynamical system can reasonably describe batch fermentation at different initial conditions.

At present, that is the inevitable requirement of sustainable development and the construction of ecological civilization society, to keep comprehensive land use benefits increasing. Based on the relevant research, combined with the Wuhan city land utilization state and the status of land use, this paper establish two kinds of index system which are socio-economic benefit and eco-environmental benefit, in the balance of comprehensive benefit of land output angle. And this paper also uses the principal component analysis to analyze the land use socio-economic benefits and eco-environmental benefits of Wuhan city, with quantitative model. The result shows that: during the period of 1996~2010, the socio-economic benefits and eco-environmental benefits of Wuhan city land use are on the rise, but the fluctuation characteristics are quite different. At the end, this paper put forward some policy proposals to promote the development sustainable utilization of land resources and to realize the best benefit of Wuhan City land-use in the field of technique, management and utilization.

We consider the bilevel variational inequality problem with a pseudomonotone operator in real Hilbert spaces and investigate two modified subgradient extragradient methods with inertial terms. Our first scheme requires the operator to be Lipschitz continuous (the Lipschitz constant does not need to be known) while the second one only requires it to be uniformly continuous. The proposed methods employ two adaptive stepsizes making them work without the prior knowledge of the Lipschitz constant of the mapping. The strong convergence properties of the iterative sequences generated by the proposed algorithms are obtained under mild conditions. Some numerical tests and applications are given to demonstrate the advantages and efficiency of the stated schemes over previously known ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we propose two new iterative algorithms to discover solutions of bilevel pseudomonotone variational inequalities with non-Lipschitz continuous operators in real Hilbert spaces. Our proposed algorithms need to compute the projection on the feasible set only once in each iteration although they employ Armijo line search methods. Strong convergence theorems of the suggested algorithms are established under suitable and weaker conditions. Some numerical experiments and applications are given to demonstrate the performance of the offered algorithms compared to some known ones.

The goal of this paper is to construct several fast iterative algorithms for solving pseudomonotone variational inequalities in real Hilbert spaces. We introduce two extragradient algorithms with inertial terms and give a strong convergence analysis under suitable assumptions. The suggested algorithms need to compute the projection on the feasible set only once in each iteration and can update the step size adaptively without any line search condition. Some numerical experiments and applications are implemented to illustrate the advantages and efficiency of the suggested algorithms over the related known methods.

In this paper, we present four modified inertial projection and contraction methods to solve the variational inequality problem with a pseudo-monotone and non-Lipschitz continuous operator in real Hilbert spaces. Strong convergence theorems of the proposed algorithms are established without the prior knowledge of the Lipschitz constant of the operator. Several numerical experiments and the applications to optimal control problems are provided to verify the advantages and efficiency of the proposed algorithms.

Radical resection for patients with oral cavity cancer remains challenging. Rapid evaporative ionization mass spectrometry (REIMS) of electrosurgical vapors has been reported for real-time classification of normal and tumor tissues for numerous surgical applications. However, the infiltrative pattern of invasion of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC) challenges the ability of REIMS to detect low amounts of tumor cells. We evaluate REIMS sensitivity to determine the minimal amount of detected tumors cells during oral cavity cancer surgery. A total of 11 OSCC patients were included in this study. The tissue classification based on 185 REIMS ex vivometabolic profiles from five patients was compared to histopathology classification using multivariate analysis and leave-one-patient-out cross-validation. Vapors were analyzed in vivoby REIMS during four glossectomies. Complementary desorption electrospray ionization–mass spectrometry imaging (DESI-MSI) was employed to map tissue heterogeneity on six oral cavity sections to support REIMS findings. REIMS sensitivity was assessed with a new cell-based assay consisting of mixtures of cell lines (tumor, myoblasts, keratinocytes). Our results depict REIMS classified tumor and soft tissues with 96.8% accuracy. In vivoREIMS generated intense mass spectrometric signals. REIMS detected 10% of tumor cells mixed with 90% myoblasts with 83% sensitivity and 82% specificity. DESI-MSI underlined distinct metabolic profiles of nerve features and a metabolic shift phosphatidylethanolamine PE(O-16:1/18:2))/cholesterol sulfate common to both mucosal maturation and OSCC differentiation. In conclusion, the assessment of tissue heterogeneity with DESI-MSI and REIMS sensitivity with cell mixtures characterized sensitive metabolic profiles toward in vivotissue recognition during oral cavity cancer surgeries.

For the bio-dissimilation of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol by Klebsiella pneumoniae, the nonlinear dynamical system of the complex metabolism in microbial batch fermentation is studied in this study. Since the analytical solution and equilibrium point cannot be found for the nonlinear dynamical system of batch fermentation, the system stability cannot be analyzed using general methods. Therefore, in this study, the stability of the system is analyzed from another angle. We present the corresponding linear variational system for the solution to the nonlinear dynamical system of complex metabolism. In addition, the boundedness of fundamental matrix solutions for the linear variational system is obtained. With this in mind, strong stability with respect to the perturbation of the initial state vector is proved for the nonlinear dynamical system of the complex metabolism.

The shock absorber plays an important role in the properties of stability and riding comfort of the vehicle. A virtual model of a double cylinder hydraulic vehicle shock absorber is developed for motion simulation and stress analysis by SolidWorks software. The kinematic character of the shock absorber was simulated by using the virtual model. And the stress analysis result showed that the shock absorber had high liability. All the results can also be helpful to design the double cylinder hydraulic vehicle shock absorber.

The numerical simulation of the fillet-welded joint which is welded with the four kind of clamped methods by laser-MIG hybrid welding is researched by the SYSWELD software. The results of the numerical simulation are compared with the results of the experienced welding. The results of research show: The joint of the laser-MIG hybrid welding was simulated well by the SYSWELD software. The simulating result is deviated 10% from the result of the actual deformation. The laser-MIG hybrid welding deformation of the aluminum structure is least when the holding position is in the near weld zone and the clamps are unloaded near the room temperature.

The effect of catalyst loading levels on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) selectivity for water formation on both nitrogen-containing nanostructured carbon (CNx) and commercial Pt/Vulcan carbon (VC) catalysts was examined using the rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) method. Catalyst loadings from 142 to 1420 ug/cm2 were studied. It was found that catalyst loading played a significant role in determining the selectivity for water formation, with lower loading levels showing a much higher selectivity for H2O2. The phenomenon was probed by examining the experimental collection efficiencies of the RRDE for each loading level and the catalyst thickness with scanning electron microscopy. The difference between experimental and theoretical collection efficiencies did not contribute significantly to the change in selectivity, although catalyst thickness did. It appears that a multistep mechanism where H2O2 is an intermediate can account for this behavior. More of this H2O2 intermediate can be detected when the reaction path length (catalyst thickness) is reduced. H2O2 electroreduction experiments showed the CNx materials to have the ability to catalyze further reduction of hydrogen peroxide to water, supporting the possibility of a two-step mechanism.

The bioconversion of glycerol to 1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) by Klebsiella pneumoniae(K. pneumoniae) can be characterized by an intricate metabolic network of interactions among biochemical fluxes, metabolic compounds, key enzymes and genetic regulation. Since there are some uncertain factors in the fermentation, especially the transport mechanisms of substances across cell membrane, the metabolic network contains multiple possible metabolic systems. In this paper, we establish a complex metabolic network and the corresponding nonlinear hybrid dynamical system aiming to determine the most possible metabolic system. The existence, uniqueness and continuity of solutions are discussed. We quantitatively describe biological robustness and present a system identification model on the basis of robustness performance. The identification problem is decomposed into two subproblems and a procedure is constructed to solve them. Numerical results show that it is most possible that both glycerol and 1,3-PD pass the cell membrane by active transport coupling with passive diffusion under substrate-sufficient conditions, whereas, under substrate-limited conditions, glycerol passes cell membrane by active transport coupling with passive diffusion and 1,3-PD by active transport.

In this paper, we introduce four inertial extragradient algorithms with non-monotonic step sizes to find the solution of the convex feasibility problem, which consists of a monotone variational inequality problem and a fixed point problem with a demicontractive mapping. Strong convergence theorems of the suggested algorithms are established under some standard conditions. Finally, we implement some computational tests to show the efficiency and advantages of the proposed algorithms and compare them with some existing ones.

This paper presents several modified subgradient extragradient methods with inertial effects to approximate solutions of variational inequality problems in real Hilbert spaces. The operators involved are either pseudomonotone Lipschitz continuous or pseudomonotone non-Lipschitz continuous. The advantage of the suggested algorithms is that they can work adaptively without the prior information of the Lipschitz constant of the mapping involved. Strong convergence theorems of the proposed algorithms are established under some suitable conditions. Finally, some numerical experiments are given to verify the advantages and efficiency of the proposed iterative algorithms with respect to previously known ones.

In this paper, an inertial extragradient algorithm with a new non-monotonic stepsize is proposed to solve the bilevel pseudomonotone variational inequality problem in real Hilbert spaces. The advantages of the suggested iterative algorithm are that only one projection onto the feasible set needs to be performed in each iteration and the prior knowledge of the Lipschitz constant of the mapping involved does not require to be known. The strong convergence theorem of the suggested algorithm is established under some suitable conditions. Numerical experiments are reported to illustrate the advantages and efficiency of the presented algorithm over the existing related ones.

Objectives:To assess the long‐term results of the Provox ActiValve, a prosthesis for voice rehabilitation after total laryngectomy that was designed to lessen the need for frequent replacements caused by Candidaand “underpressure.”

High spatial resolution of imaging sensors onboard Earth observation satellites is often critical for land use and land cover mapping. In this paper, we propose a self-adaptive motion estimation algorithm that combines the consistency characteristics of image distortion, high accuracy feature point extraction, and image matching techniques to achieve subpixel accuracy of motion estimation. Using the wavelet superresolution and the modulation transfer function (MTF), we implemented the superresolution reconstruction from multiframe Satellite pour l’Observation de la Terre (SPOT-4) panchromatic images under a framework of interpolation–restoration. The results show that this algorithm is promising for reconstruction of a higher resolution frame.

Mutations in ABCA1 uniformly decrease plasma HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) and reduce cholesterol efflux, yet different mutations in ABCA1 result in different phenotypic effects in heterozygotes. For example, truncation mutations result in significantly lower HDL-C and apoliprotein A-I (apoA-I) levels in heterozygotes compared with nontruncation mutations, suggesting that truncation mutations may negatively affect the wild-type allele. To specifically test this hypothesis, we examined ABCA1 protein expression in response to 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis-RA) and 22-R-hydroxycholesterol (22-R-OH-Chol) in a collection of human fibroblasts representing eight different mutations and observed that truncation mutations blunted the response to oxysterol stimulation and dominantly suppressed induction of the remaining full-length allele to 5-10% of wild-type levels. mRNA levels between truncation and nontruncation mutations were comparable, suggesting that ABCA1 expression was suppressed at the protein level. Dominant negative activity of truncated ABCA1 was recapitulated in an in vitro model using transfected Cos-7 cells. Our results suggest that the severe reduction of HDL-C in patients with truncation mutations may be at least partly explained by dominant negative suppression of expression and activity of the remaining full-length ABCA1 allele. These data suggest that ABCA1 requires a physical association with itself or other molecules for normal function and has important pharmacogenetic implications for individuals with truncation mutations.

By using BAC transgenic mice, we have shown that increased human ABCA1 protein expression results in a significant increase in cholesterol efflux in different tissues and marked elevation in high density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol levels associated with increases in apoAI and apoAII. Three novel ABCA1transcripts containing three different transcription initiation sites that utilize sequences in intron 1 have been identified. In BAC transgenic mice there is an increased expression of ABCA1 protein, but the distribution of the ABCA1 product in different cells remains similar to wild type mice. An internal promoter in human intron 1 containing liver X response elements is functional in vivoand directly contributes to regulation of the human ABCA1gene in multiple tissues and to raised HDL cholesterol, apoAI, and apoAII levels. A highly significant relationship between raised protein levels, increased efflux, and level of HDL elevation is evident. These data provide proof of the principle that increased human ABCA1 efflux activity is associated with an increase in HDL levels in vivo.

Liver X receptors (LXRs) are nuclear receptors that regulate the metabolism of cholesterol and bile acids. Despite information on the specificity of their natural ligands, oxysterols, relatively little is known about the ligand binding site in LXRs. The helix 3 region in the ligand binding domain (LBD) of peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptors (PPARs) has been implicated in ligand entry. Sequence alignment of LXRs, farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and PPARs identified the corresponding helix 3 region in the LXRβ LBD. Residues F268 and T272, which are conserved in all the aligned sequences and only in LXRs and FXR, respectively, were replaced with alanine. The effects of these mutations on ligand binding and receptor activation were examined using an in vitro ligand binding assay and a cell based reporter assay, respectively. The LXRβ mutant F268A did not bind ligand. In contrast, conversion of T272 to alanine has no effect on ligand binding. By transiently expressing a chimeric receptor containing Escherichia colitetracycline repressor (TetR) and LXRβ LBD and a reporter with a TetR binding site, we show that mutant F268A lost the ability to activate transcription of the reporter, whereas mutant T272A still has an activity similar to that of the wild‐type LXRβ. These data, consistent with the findings in the in vitro ligand binding assay and our 3D modeling, are the first study that identifies a residue critical for ligand binding in LXRβ.

In this paper, we investigate a new extragradient algorithm for solving pseudomonotone equilibrium problems on Hadamard manifolds. Our algorithm uses a variable stepsize, which is updated at each iteration and based on some previous iterates. The convergence analysis of the proposed algorithm is discussed under mild assumptions. In the case where the equilibrium bifunction is strongly pseudomonotone, the R-linear rate of convergence of the new algorithm is formulated. A fundamental experiment is provided to illustrate the numerical behavior of the algorithm.

In this paper, we study the strong convergence of two Mann-type inertial extragradient algorithms, which are devised with a new step size, for solving a variational inequality problem with a monotone and Lipschitz continuous operator in real Hilbert spaces. Strong convergence theorems for the suggested algorithms are proved without the prior knowledge of the Lipschitz constant of the operator. Finally, we provide some numerical experiments to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithms and provide a comparison with related ones.

The management of avulsed teeth undergoing delayed replantation remains a clinical challenge as there are currently no effective interventions that can improve periodontal healing and prevent replacement root resorption. While several pre-clinical studies have reported varied success using cell-based tissue engineering to improve periodontal healing, a consensus is required prior to further clinical translation. Therefore, this systematic review seeks to evaluate the efficacy of cell-based therapy in promoting periodontal healing following delayed replantation in animal models. MEDLINE (PubMed) and Embase were searched on 27 September 2020. Ten studies involving rodent and dog models met the inclusion criteria. Cell sources included gingiva, periodontal ligament (PDL), bone marrow, and adipose tissues. Generally, cell-based therapy had increased the proportion of root surfaces displaying periodontal healing and concomitantly reduced the proportion presenting with replacement root resorption and ankylosis. The best outcomes were observed following treatment with PDL-derived cells of various potency. Future pre-clinical studies will benefit from adopting measures to minimize bias during the conduct of animal experiments and the standardization of the outcome measures reporting. This will facilitate future reviews with possible pooling of results in the form of meta-analyses, allowing a consensus to be obtained from the literature. In addition, further research will be required to shed light on the implications of using allogeneic cells as well as the optimization of cell delivery protocols. The findings of this systematic review demonstrated the therapeutic potential of certain cell-based therapies in promoting periodontal healing following delayed replantation, thus highlighting their prospective clinical benefits and translational value.

In the framework of Hilbert spaces, we study the solutions of split common fixed point problems. A new accelerated self-adaptive stepsize algorithm with excellent stability is proposed under the effects of inertial techniques and Meir–Keeler contraction mappings. The strong convergence theorems are obtained without prior knowledge of operator norms. Finally, in applications, our main results in this paper are applied to signal recovery problems.

To enhance the strength of single FCC phase high entropy alloys, TiC was selected as reinforced phase to improve the properties of high entropy alloys (HEAs). Therefore, a series of TiC/Al0.6CrFe2Ni2high entropy alloys with different TiC content which ranging from 0 to 5 vol% were prepared by vacuum arc melting furnace. The phase compositions, microstructures and mechanical properties of alloys were investigated detailedly. The results show that TiC has no effect on phase composition of the alloys, but the addition of ceramic phase TiC has an advantageous effect on the mechanical properties of alloys, the yield strength of TiC/Al0.6CrFe2Ni2HEAs increases due to the refined of grain size, when TiC content is 2.50 vol%, alloy has better properties, the yield strength and Vickers hardness are 576.93 MPa and 244 HV, respectively.

The effect of catalyst loading levels on the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) selectivity for water formation on both nitrogen-containing nanostructured carbon (CNx) and commercial Pt/Vulcan carbon (VC) catalysts was examined using the rotating ring disk electrode (RRDE) method. Catalyst loadings from 142 to 1420 µg/cm2were studied. It was found that catalyst loading played a significant role in determining the selectivity for water formation, with lower loading levels showing a much higher selectivity for H2O2. The phenomenon was probed by examining the experimental collection efficiencies of the RRDE for each loading level and the catalyst thickness with scanning electron microscopy. The difference between experimental and theoretical collection efficiencies did not contribute significantly to the change in selectivity, although catalyst thickness did. It appears that a multistep mechanism where H2O2is an intermediate can account for this behavior. More of this H2O2intermediate can be detected when the reaction path length (catalyst thickness) is reduced. H2O2electroreduction experiments showed the CNxmaterials to have the ability to catalyze further reduction of hydrogen peroxide to water, supporting the possibility of a two-step mechanism.

Reports on the holding of the Large Enterprise Information Chief Executive Officers Forum in Beijing, China on August 17, 1999. Hosting of the meeting by the Economic Information Center under China's State Economic and Trade Commission and Microsoft (China) Co.