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Purpose Pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PES) seems to be a systemic condition. However, to an ophthalmologist it represents a continual challenge, due to unclear etiology and pathogenesis, and because of a potential for development of an aggressive glaucoma, and cataract surgery complications. According to some findings, PES could be a factor of hastened aging, which means that it could be considered as a secondary aging factor.Methods Frequencies of secondary aging diseases (non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, atherosclerotic myocardiopathy chronic obstructive lung diseases, arterial hypertension, and PES) were investigated in 162 patients with age-related cataract and 55 age- and sex-matched control subjects, and analyzed by a logistic regression. The authors also determined elements of antioxidative protection in a group of sera from patients with cataract and PES, and compared them to those obtained from patients with cataract without PES (activity of catalase and peroxidase, glutathione, vitamins C and E), and total antioxidative protection (%iMDA). Antioxidant defense of aqueous humors, expressed as a rate of induced malondialdehyde (%iMDA), and total thiol groups in the lens corticonuclear blocks (TSH) were estimated in samples of 17 patients with PES and cataract and 55 patients with cataract only.Results Logistic regression showed the highest odds ratio for PES (OR=4.516; p<0.05). Catalytic activity of serum catalase had significantly lower values in patients with PES (p<0.05). Antioxidative defense of aqueous humor and lens had lower values in patients with PES.Conclusions The results indicate that PES might be a significant factor for cataractogenesis. At least a part of pathogenesis alterations in an eye with PES could be the result of higher intensity of oxidative stress.