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Urease plays a major role in the pathogenesis of peptic and gastric ulcer and also causes acute pyelonephritis and development of infection-induced reactive arthritis. Carbonic anhydrases (CA) cause pathological disorders such as epilepsy (CA I), glaucoma, gastritis, renal, pancreatic carcinomas, and malignant brain tumors (CA II). Although various synthetic urease and carbonic anhydrase inhibitors are known, these have many side effects. Hence, present studies were undertaken on ethyl acetate extract of Aspergillus nidulans , an endophytic fungus separated from the leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis Linn. and led to the isolation of five furanoxanthones, sterigmatin (1), sterigmatocystin (3), dihydrosterigmatocystin (4), oxisterigmatocystin C (5), acyl-hemiacetal sterigmatocystin (6), and a pyranoxanthone (2). Acetylation of 3 gave compound O -acetyl sterigmatocystin (7). Their chemical structures were elucidated by1 H and13 C NMR and MS. The inhibitory effect of isolated compounds was evaluated on urease and carbonic anhydrase (b CA II) enzymes in vitro. Compounds 3 and 6 showed significant urease inhibition (IC50 19 and 21 µM), while other compounds exhibited varying degrees of urease inhibition (IC50 33 – 51 µM). Compounds 4, 6 and 7 exhibited significant inhibition of b CA II (IC50 values 21, 25 and 18 µM respectively), compounds 1 – 3 displayed moderate inhibition (IC50 61, 76 and 31 µM respectively) while 5 showed no inhibition. A mechanistic study of the most active urease inhibitors was also performed using enzyme kinetics and molecular docking. All compounds were found non-toxic on the NIH-3T3 cell line. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Researchers have submitted a patent application for a solution treatment method and unit that aims to separate impurities from waste dialysate and regenerate it for reuse in dialysis treatment. The method involves using a combination of membranes to separate a solution containing electrolytes and low-molecular-weight molecules, such as urea. By employing specific membrane separation techniques, the method allows for the recovery of desired components while removing unwanted substances, potentially reducing medical costs and stabilizing dialysis supply. The patent application was filed by inventors from Toray Industries Inc. in Japan and provides a detailed description of the process and requirements for effective separation. [Extracted from the article]

A recent report from investigators at Hamadan University of Medical Sciences in Iran discusses the design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel coumarin-acetohydrazide Schiff base derivatives as urease enzyme inhibitors. The compounds showed potent inhibitory activities, with one compound identified as the most potent non-competitive inhibitor. Molecular dynamics simulations confirmed stable interactions between the compounds and the urease enzyme, suggesting their potential as urease inhibitors. This research provides insight into the development of new urease inhibitors and their potential applications in treating infections caused by Helicobacter pylori. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Universidade Catolica Portuguesa have developed a novel 3D paper-based device for monitoring urease activity in saliva, which could provide a non-invasive alternative to blood for detecting and monitoring Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). The device converts urea into ammonia, causing a colorimetric change, and has been shown to be accurate and stable for up to 4 months when stored in a vacuum. This portable and lab-free device offers a simple and efficient method for quantifying urease activity in saliva within 30 minutes, potentially revolutionizing CKD detection and monitoring. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Department of Chemistry in Quetta, Pakistan, have developed indole-based compounds with potential to inhibit the urease enzyme, which is linked to various health issues. The study focused on the synthesis, characterization, and in vitro anti-urease activity of these compounds, highlighting two lead analogs with promising inhibitory effects. The research, supported by King Saud University, also included molecular docking studies to understand the compounds' interactions with the enzyme, suggesting their potential as future therapeutic agents. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Kuban State Medical University conducted a study on the effects of an N-isopropenylimidazole zinc metal complex derivative in treating endodontic-periodontal lesions in rats. The study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and mineralizing effects of the compound. Results showed that the compound, especially when combined with Metrogyl Denta(R), demonstrated significant therapeutic efficiency in treating the lesions, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent. The study highlights the importance of developing new molecules with broad therapeutic effects to address infectious and inflammatory processes in dental conditions. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Al-Azhar University compared the diagnostic accuracy of the Helicobacter pylori Stool Antigen (HpSA) test with the rapid urease test (RUT) in adult patients with upper gastrointestinal symptoms. The HpSA test identified more positive H. pylori cases than the RUT, but the RUT showed higher sensitivity and accuracy. Researchers concluded that the HpSA test is a valuable alternative for diagnostic purposes due to its non-invasive nature, while the RUT is known for its high accuracy and sensitivity. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the University of Qom in Iran have conducted a study on novel coumarin-based acetohydrazide-1,2,3-triazole derivatives as urease enzyme inhibitors. The compounds synthesized showed significant anti-urease activity, with one derivative acting as an uncompetitive inhibitor. Molecular dynamics simulations indicated critical interactions between the ligand and specific residues of the enzyme, suggesting a potential mechanism for inhibition. This research highlights the potential of these compounds as potent inhibitors for developing new therapeutics against urease-related diseases. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Karachi in Pakistan conducted a study on the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazole functionalized derivatives of metronidazole as potent inhibitors of urease using click chemistry. The compounds were evaluated for urease inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity against normal cells, with compound 8 showing the most potent urease inhibition. The study concluded that further research is needed to explore the initial findings presented. Financial support for the research came from Searle Company in Pakistan. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Shandong University in Jinan, People's Republic of China, introduced a CRISPR/Cas system-mediated colorimetric assay to detect tumor biomarkers in human serum samples, specifically focusing on carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). By utilizing the CRISPR/Cas system to modulate the function of Hg2+, the assay demonstrated high sensitivity and selectivity for CEA detection with a detection limit of 0.028 ng/mL. The research suggests that this method could be valuable for early cancer screening and prognostic determination, offering a simple, fast, and stable approach to detecting tumor biomarkers in clinical samples. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Swabi in Pakistan conducted a study on the green synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles using a hydroalcoholic extract of Euphorbia milii's aerial parts. The nanoparticles showed significant inhibitory activity against various enzymes and demonstrated anticancer properties. The study also found that the nanoparticles had analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects, while the extract showed sedative effects at higher doses. The findings were published in Green Processing and Synthesis. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University) conducted a study on Ureaplasma urealyticum, a causative agent for Sexually Transmittable Diseases (STDs) often accompanied by Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID) and other conditions. The study involved 200 symptomatic women aged 18 to 45 years, using Duplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect U. urealyticum and U. parvum in endocervical samples. Results showed that 24% of symptomatic women tested positive for Ureaplasma species, with U. parvum being the most common pathogen in women aged 26-35 years. The study concluded that Duplex PCR increased sensitivity and specificity, paving the way for future research focusing on different gene targets of Ureaplasma species. [Extracted from the article]

The patent issued to Mozarc Medical Us LLC focuses on developing a system for measuring fluid characteristics within a sorbent system, particularly in the context of hemodialysis. The invention aims to provide a more frequent and accurate assessment of urea content and clearance during dialysis sessions, addressing the need for improved monitoring and evaluation methods. By utilizing a sorbent cartridge with sensors, the system allows for the measurement of fluid characteristics at various stages, enhancing the efficiency and effectiveness of dialysis treatments. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the University of Maribor in Slovenia conducted a study on the interaction between microorganisms and enzyme activity in soils from different farming systems. The study found that specific fertilization practices can impact the relationships between soil microbes and enzymes, with different effects observed in conventional-integrated, organic, and biodynamic farms. The research highlights the importance of understanding these complex interactions for soil health and future studies. For more information, the full article can be accessed for free at https://doi.org/10.3390/life14121562. [Extracted from the article]

A research report from Jiangsu Normal University in Xuzhou, People's Republic of China, discusses the use of Nocardia tenerifensis in microbially induced calcite precipitation for enhanced La3+ adsorption and immobilization. The study found that adding Ca2+ during the process increased La3+ removal rates and urease activity, leading to the formation of mineral deposits with specific crystal structures. The research aims to advance understanding of the mechanism for potential applications in rare earth elements recovery and environmental remediation. The findings were published in the Journal of Cleaner Production and have undergone peer review. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the University of Balochistan in Quetta, Pakistan, focused on the synthesis and biological significance of Morita-Baylis-Hillman adducts derived from piperidine and piperazine heterocycles. The research highlighted the inhibitory potential of these compounds against the urease enzyme, with diastereomers 12 and 13 showing the highest activity. Molecular docking studies indicated promising binding interactions with the target enzyme, and ADMET predictions suggested favorable drug-like properties for the synthesized compounds. This peer-reviewed study provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic applications of piperidine and piperazine derivatives. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Shanghai Jiao Tong University have developed a biodegradable nanocarrier for enhanced antibiotic therapy against drug-resistant Helicobacter pylori infections. The nanocarrier, called CLR-Ag+@MON@HA@OMV (CAMO), releases antibiotics and silver ions in an acid-responsive manner, targeting the infection site in the stomach. This innovative approach aims to eradicate H. pylori and reduce gastric inflammation, offering a safe and effective treatment option. The study was funded by various organizations in China and has been peer-reviewed for publication in Advanced Functional Materials. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Nebraska Medical Center have published a new study on the treatment of Corynebacterium cystitis and struvite bladder stones using intravesical vancomycin. The study highlights the potential of intravesical antibiotics in treating urinary tract infections caused by urease-producing bacteria, which can lead to challenging treatment scenarios due to stone colonization and antibiotic resistance. This research provides valuable insights into alternative treatment options for patients with anatomic abnormalities prone to UTIs. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Faculty of Exact Sciences and Natural and Life Sciences in Algeria focused on the antioxidant properties of Algerian Crataegus monogyna. The research identified and quantified 23 phytochemical compounds in the plant, with significant antioxidant activity demonstrated in various assays. The study also highlighted the potential therapeutic benefits of C. monogyna in managing diabetes complications and as a natural source of enzyme inhibitors. The findings suggest that this plant could be integrated into medicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and the food sector. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Allama Iqbal Open University in Islamabad, Pakistan, focused on the synthesis and characterization of three sulfonamide derivatives for their DNA binding, enzyme inhibitory, and cytotoxicity activities. The derivatives showed promising results in binding interactions with DNA and enzymes, with one derivative, YM-1, demonstrating superior performance in DNA binding and enzyme inhibition. The research suggests that YM-1 may be a potential candidate for applications in DNA binding, enzyme inhibition, and anticancer activities. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology focused on the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil in mining areas using vaterite-type biological calcium carbonate. The research aimed to address the issue of secondary pollution caused by the use of microbially induced carbonate precipitation technology. By utilizing vaterite-type Bio-CaCO3 as an adsorbent, the study found that it effectively reduced the active state content of heavy metals in the soil, demonstrating potential for environmentally friendly remediation methods in mining areas. The research provides new insights into soil remediation and offers technical support for the development of sustainable mining practices. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from the Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia focuses on developing a urease-powered nanomotor containing the STING agonist for bladder cancer immunotherapy. The research highlights the potential of this nanomotor in activating immune cells in the bladder wall, leading to effective anti-tumor effects in female mice models. The study suggests that this nanomotor platform could serve as a next-generation approach for bladder cancer immunotherapy, showing promising results compared to current therapies like Bacille Calmette-Guerin and pembrolizumab. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the comparative diagnostic performance of the rapid urease test (RUT) versus molecular testing for the diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection. RUT is a simple and inexpensive method with reported sensitivity and specificity ranging between 80-100% and 97-99%, respectively. Molecular testing, specifically dual priming oligonucleotide (DPO)-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR), can identify point mutations related to clarithromycin resistance and has an excellent concordance rate with conventional testing. The study aims to compare the diagnostic accuracy of RUT and molecular testing, focusing on clinical factors associated with discordant results. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Abdul Wali Khan University in Mardan, Pakistan, focused on synthesizing thiobarbituric acid-based bis-Schiff base derivatives to inhibit urease enzyme and scavenge DPPH free radicals. The research identified promising lead urease inhibitors and excellent antioxidant agents among the synthesized compounds. Further research is recommended to fully understand the effectiveness, safety, and mechanisms of action of these potential antioxidant substances. The study was peer-reviewed and published in the Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, focused on analyzing the chemical composition and biological activities of Artemisia absinthium L. essential oil. The research explored its antioxidant and enzyme inhibition properties, particularly against a-amylase and urease. The essential oil exhibited strong antioxidant capacity and significant inhibitory effects on urease and a-amylase, suggesting its potential therapeutic use in treating enzyme-related disorders and oxidative-stress-related diseases. The study utilized advanced techniques such as in silico molecular docking and phytochemical profiling analysis to evaluate the essential oil's pharmacokinetic behavior and therapeutic potential. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Donghua University in Shanghai, China, conducted a study on the synthesis of a Schiff base ligand and its metal complexes to evaluate their properties, including urease inhibition and optical analysis. The study found that the ligand-nickel and ligand-copper complexes exhibited greater potency in urease inhibition compared to the reference compound. The research suggests that these metal complexes could be utilized for fluorescence-guided targeted drug delivery applications in the future. The study provides valuable insights into the development of small organic molecules for urease inhibition and the potential applications of metal complexes in drug delivery. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at Hazara University in Mansehra, Pakistan, focused on synthesizing and investigating the potential of pyrazine-based thiazolidinone derivatives as anti-cancer and anti-urease agents. The compounds were analyzed using spectroscopic techniques and compared to reference compounds for effectiveness. Scaffold 3 emerged as the most promising due to its highly reactive -CF3 moiety, showing excellent inhibitory potential. Molecular docking investigations and density functional theory (DFT) were also utilized in the study. The research was supported by King Saud University and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Karachi conducted a study on the molecular interactions between urease subunit gamma from Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and drugs. The research aimed to identify new drug targets and develop potential drug candidates to combat antibiotic resistance in S. aureus. Through protein-ligand interactions, the study identified 15 FDA-approved drugs that showed significant enzyme inhibitory activity against MRSA, potentially impacting the survival of the bacteria. Further biochemical and mechanistic studies are needed to validate the therapeutic potential of these drugs against MRSA infections. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Islamia University Bahawalpur in Punjab, Pakistan have conducted a study on the potential therapeutic effects of Schiff base derivatives of amlodipine, a calcium channel blocking agent. The derivatives were tested for their urease inhibition, antibacterial, and antioxidant activities. The compounds showed promising results and could serve as leads for further investigations. The research was supported by King Saud University and has been peer-reviewed. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Deakin University in Australia have conducted a study on the bioactive properties of five Australian beach-cast brown seaweed species. The study found that these seaweeds contain phenolic compounds that exhibit various biological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, anti-proliferative, and anti-mitotic effects. The presence of these bioactive phenolics in the seaweeds suggests potential health benefits. The study identified a total of 48 phenolic compounds in the seaweed extracts, including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and other polyphenols. This research provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic applications of Australian beach-cast brown seaweed. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Tehran University of Medical Sciences in Iran has found that benzimidazole-acrylonitrile hybrid derivatives have the potential to act as potent urease inhibitors and fungicides. The researchers synthesized and characterized a series of these derivatives and tested their urease inhibition activity. The compounds showed a higher urease inhibition effect compared to hydroxyurea, with six compounds exhibiting the highest activity. Molecular docking studies also revealed the potential of these compounds as fungicides. Further investigation is recommended to explore the bioactivity of these compounds. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Bath in the United Kingdom have developed new urease inhibitors to prevent urinary catheter blockage. Catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTI) caused by urease-positive organisms can lead to blockage of the catheter. The current urease inhibitor, acetohydroxamic acid (AHA), is rarely used due to its side effects. The researchers used a rational in silico drug design approach to identify and develop new urease inhibitors. One of the compounds, N,N'-Bis(3-pyridinylmethyl)thiourea (Bis-TU), outperformed AHA in activity assays and significantly extended the lifetime of the catheter in an in vitro bladder model. This cost-effective drug design approach could be used to target other diseases as well. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Kelaniya in Sri Lanka explored the potential health benefits of Siddhalepa Asamodagam Spirit (Sid.AS), a distillate derived from Trachyspermum roxburghianum seeds. The study found that Sid.AS exhibited significant anti-urease, anti-inflammatory, anti-lipase, and antioxidant activities, suggesting its potential in managing gastric-related disorders, scavenging free radicals, and controlling obesity. Additionally, Sid.AS demonstrated inhibitory effects against alpha-amylase and alpha-glucosidase enzymes, indicating potential anti-diabetic activity. The distillate also displayed strong antimicrobial activity against tested microorganisms. The researchers concluded that further research and development could explore the potential applications of Sid.AS in various therapeutic areas. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Azad Jammu and Kashmir in Muzaffarabad, Pakistan have conducted a study on S-benzyl carbodithioates as urease inhibitors. They synthesized two compounds and analyzed their structures using various techniques. The compounds showed promising indications for inhibiting the urease enzyme, with one compound being more efficient than the other. The researchers believe that this work will contribute to future investigations into potential new inhibitors for pharmaceutical and biological applications. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Hazara University in Mansehra, Pakistan have conducted a study on piperazine therapy. They synthesized piperazine-based bis-Schiff base derivatives and tested their inhibition against urease enzyme. Among the tested analogs, analog 2 showed the highest potency with the lowest IC50 value, while scaffold 5 had the lowest activity. The researchers also used molecular docking to investigate the binding interactions of the active compounds with the targeted urease enzyme. This research has been peer-reviewed and provides promising insights into the development of anti-urease agents. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by investigators from Government College University Faisalabad in Pakistan has focused on the development of therapeutic drugs for diabetes and gastrointestinal disorders. The study examined a new series of ibuprofen and mefenamic acid Schiff base derivatives that act as dual inhibitors of alpha-glucosidase and urease enzymes. The synthesized derivatives were found to be effective in inhibiting these enzymes and showed good cytocompatibility in cell viability studies. In silico molecular docking studies were also conducted to predict the binding mode of the derivatives with the target enzymes. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Sichuan University in Chengdu, China, has revealed the ability of a bacterium called Pseudomonas balearica to reduce vanadium (V) levels in the environment. The bacterium demonstrated strong tolerance to high V levels and was able to reduce V by 81.1% and 60.6% under different stress conditions. The reduction was facilitated by various genes encoding enzymes and transporters, as well as reactive oxygen species-scavenging enzymes. This research provides insights into the mechanisms of V reduction by microbes and suggests the potential use of P. balearica for bioremediation of V pollution and bioleaching of V-sources. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on a new fluorometric method for detecting urea, developed by researchers at Assiut University in Egypt. It mentions that this method utilizes a system of nitrogen-doped red-emissive carbon dots, a zinc-dithizone complex, and the urease enzyme, achieving high sensitivity and selectivity for urea detection based on pH changes.

The article focuses on a multicenter, prospective clinical trial comparing high-dose dual therapy and minocycline-containing quadruple therapy for Helicobacter pylori (HP) infection. Topics include the study's design, where 200 HP-positive patients are enrolled and diagnosed using rapid urease and 13C urea breath tests. The trial aims to assess the success rate, adverse reactions, patient compliance, and antibiotic resistance's impact on HP eradication.

Researchers from Government College University Faisalabad in Pakistan have conducted a study on urease inhibitors, which are potential drug candidates for preventing bacterial infections. The researchers synthesized pyridylpiperazine-based carbodithioate derivatives and evaluated their ability to inhibit the urease enzyme. The compound 5j was found to be the most effective inhibitor, displaying strong urease inhibition. Molecular docking of 5j within the active site of urease revealed significant interactions. This research provides valuable insights into the development of therapeutic agents for treating bacterial infections. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Swami Ramanand Teerth Marathwada University in Nanded, India have conducted a study on the synthesis and antibacterial properties of pyrimido-pyrimidine derivatives as urease inhibitors. Urease-dependent bacterial pathogens are a serious threat to human health due to drug resistance and their involvement in urinary tract infections and certain cancers. The researchers synthesized a series of 16 derivatives and tested their activity against four bacterial uropathogens. One compound showed significant activity against the growth and ureolytic potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and jack bean urease. The compound also demonstrated satisfactory results in ADME analysis, making it a potential lead for the development of antibacterial and anti-urease molecules. [Extracted from the article]

A clinical trial, NCT06529159, is being conducted to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a new therapy called H. Pylori Eradication With Argon Plasma During Endoscopy (HEAPE) for treating H. pylori infections during endoscopic procedures. The therapy involves using argon plasma coagulation (APC) to reduce H. pylori levels in the stomach. The trial aims to evaluate the immediate effect of the treatment using a urea breath test and assess the safety and effectiveness of the therapy in eradicating or reducing H. pylori in humans. The study is being conducted by Brigham and Women's Hospital in collaboration with Erbe Elektromedizin GmbH. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Central Hospital in Shandong, China have conducted a study on the anti-colon cancer properties of natural compounds. The study focused on the inhibition activities of beta-Hydroxy beta-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase and urease enzymes. The results showed that compounds such as Bavachalcone and Ladanein exhibited strong inhibition against both enzymes and demonstrated potent anti-cancer activities against colon cancer cells. These findings suggest that these natural compounds could potentially be used as inhibitors for enzymes and cancer cells. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Quaid-i-Azam University in Islamabad, Pakistan, focused on synthesizing a series of adamantane-linked aminothiazole derivatives and evaluating their enzyme inhibitory activities. The compounds were characterized using various spectroscopic techniques and were found to have inhibitory effects on enzymes such as urease, alpha-glucosidase, and carbonic anhydrase. The study suggests that these compounds have potential medicinal importance and highlights the significance of structure-activity relationships in developing potent enzyme inhibitors. The research was financially supported by King Saud University. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Kyungpook National University in Daegu, South Korea have published a new report on the inhibitory potential of metal complexes in cancer treatment. The study focused on a thiophene-derived Schiff base ligand and its M(ii) complexes, which showed significant anti-urease and leishmanicidal potential. The complexes also exhibited marked anticancer activities in human colorectal, hepatic, and breast cancer cell lines. The research provides insight into the synthesis, structural properties, biological evaluation, and docking studies of these metal complexes. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at Mustansiriyah University in Baghdad, Iraq, explores the synthesis and properties of a new copper(II)-triazole ester complex. The complex was found to possess a distorted square planar geometry and exhibited a strong affinity for binding to the urease enzyme. The compounds also demonstrated promising inhibitory potential against select bacterial strains. The research provides valuable insights into the design of bio-active compounds and their potential applications in drug development. [Extracted from the article]