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The study aimed to understand the dynamic interplay between plants and their associated microbes to develop an efficient microbial consortium for managing Fusariumwilt of cumin. A total of 601 rhizospheric and endophytic bacteria and fungi were screened for antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cumini(Foc). Subsequently, ten bacteria and ten fungi were selected for characterizing their growth promotion traits and ability to withstand abiotic stress. Furthermore, a pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the bioefficacy of promising biocontrol isolates-1F, 16B, 31B, and 223B in mono and consortium mode, focusing on disease severity, plant growth, and defense responses in cumin challenged with Foc. Promising isolates were identified as Trichoderma atrobruneum15F, Pseudomonassp. 2B, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens9B, and Bacillus velezensis32B. In planta,results revealed that cumin plants treated with consortia of 15F, 2B, 9B, and 32B showed highest percent disease control (76.35%) in pot experiment. Consortia of biocontrol agents significantly enhanced production of secondary metabolites and activation of antioxidant-defense enzymes compared to individual strain. Moreover, consortium treatments effectively reduced electrolyte leakage over the individual strain and positive control. The four-microbe consortium significantly enhanced chlorophyll (~ 2.74-fold), carotenoid content (~ 2.14-fold), plant height (~ 1.8-fold), dry weight (~ 1.96-fold), and seed yield (~ 19-fold) compared to positive control in pot experiment. Similarly, four microbe consortia showed highest percent disease control (72.2%) over the positive control in field trial. Moreover, plant growth, biomass, yield, and yield attributes of cumin were also significantly increased in field trial over the positive control as well as negative control.

To authenticate to the full-text of this article, please visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03015.x Byline: David Buckeridge (*[dagger]), Allen Huang ([dagger]), James Hanley (*[dagger]), Armel Kelome ([double dagger]), Kristen Reidel (*), Aman Verma (*), Nancy Winslade ([dagger]), Robyn Tamblyn (*[dagger]) Keywords: opioid; injury; pharmaceuticals Abstract: OBJECTIVES: To estimate the dose-related risk of injuries in older adults associated with the use of low-, medium-, and high-potency opioids. DESIGN: Historical population-based cohort study: 2001 to 2003. SETTING: Quebec, Canada's, universal healthcare system. PARTICIPANTS: Four hundred three thousand three hundred thirty-nine adults aged 65 and older. MEASUREMENTS: Population-based health databases were used to measure preexisting risk factors for injuries in 2001/02 and drug use and injuries during follow-up (2003). Type and dose of opioids were measured as time-dependent variables, as were other drugs that may increase the risk of injury from sedating side-effects or hypotension. The risk of injury per one adult dose increase in opioid dose was estimated using multivariate Cox proportional hazards models. RESULTS: During the follow-up year, 50.7% of the study population were prescribed drugs with sedating side effects, 15.3% were prescribed an opioid, 20.7% were concurrently using more than one sedating medication, and 3.7% were treated for an injury, fractures (55.1%) being the most common. After adjusting for concurrent drug use and baseline risk factors, low- (hazard ratio (HR)=1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI)=1.33-1.39) and intermediate-potency (HR=1.05, 95% CI=1.02-1.07) opioids were associated with the risk of injury. Use of codeine combinations was associated with the highest risk of injury, a 127% greater risk (HR=2.27, 95% CI=2.21-2.34) per one adult dose increase. (The mean World Health Organization standardized dose in the study population was 1.71 [+ or -] 0.85 adult doses.) CONCLUSION: Opioids increase the risk of injury in older adults, particularly codeine combinations. Author Affiliation: (*)Epidemiology and Biostatistics ([dagger])Medicine ([double dagger])Mathematics and Statistics, McGill University, Montreal Quebec, Canada. Article note: Address correspondence to Robyn Tamblyn, McGill University, Morrice House, 1140 Pine Ave W., Montreal Quebec, Canada H3A 1A3. E-mail: robyn.tamblyn@mcgill.ca

To evaluate and compare dentinal tubule penetration and push-out bond strength of BIO-C ION+, AH Plus and NanoSeal-S using Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy (CLSM) and Universal Testing Machine (UTM).

Background: A recent phase 2 study reported success using combination of ibrutinib and venetoclax for relapsed/refractory mantle cell lymphoma (MCL). We report a case of MCL with hyperleukocytosis that developed fatal hyperkalemia after a single low initiation dose of venetoclax.Case report: A 72-year-old man with known MCL was admitted for hyperkalemia and anemia (Hgb = 6.6 g/dL, K+=9.6 mmol/L). Repeated K+measurements and clinical evaluation were consistent with pseudohyperkalemia. The patient’s lymphocyte count had risen from 15.2 to 466.8 K/uL in the preceding 1.5 months despite 8 cycles of ibrutinib. Based on the results of a recent phase 2 study Venetoclax was added; after a single very low initiation dose of venetoclax the patient developed fatal hyperkalemia.Discussion: The proliferation of new therapies is making difficult to perform randomized clinical trials large enough to capture potential risks of new therapies in specific scenarios. Fatal hyperkalemia resulted from use of a recently recommended combination regimen for refractory/relapsed MCL in a phase 2 study, despite dose escalation and TLS prophylaxis suggesting increased risk of this regimen for patients with hyperleukocytosis.

Jamun (Syzygium cuminiSkeels) is a nutritious fruit and has historically been used as both as an edible and a traditional medicine. The jamun seed is an inedible by-product of the fruit. However, their high concentration of phytochemicals makes them valuable components of nutraceuticals. Various studies on diverse biological activities of jamun seeds have warranted their application in human health and biomedical fields. This review paper discusses critically the phytochemical composition of jamun seeds and the bioactivities, including their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, antidiabetic, anti-microbial, anti-obesity, hepato-protective, cardio and gastro-protective properties. The bioactivity of jamun seed is related to the presence of phenols, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, triterpenoids, tannins, and saponins. Animal research in vivo,and in vitroexperiments with human and animal cell models support the idea that jamun seed extract can be valuable additions in food and biomedical fields due to the diverse bio-functional properties. However, in-depth and systematic in vivoclinical trials using human subjects must be conducted to confirm the safe consumption limit and establish other therapeutic roles of jamun seeds for their abundant utilization as a nutraceutical or pharmacological component. Moreover, research is required to understand the exact mechanisms of the bioactivities exhibited by jamun seeds.

IMPORTANCE: Off-label use of prescription drugs has been identified as an important contributor to preventable adverse drug events (ADEs) in children. Despite concerns regarding adverse outcomes, to date, no systematic investigation of the effects of off-label drug use in adult populations has been performed. OBJECTIVE: To monitor and evaluate off-label use of prescription drugs and its effect on ADEs in an adult population. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: A cohort of 46 021 patients who received 151 305 incident prescribed drugs was assembled from primary care clinics in Quebec, Canada, using the Medical Office of the XXIst Century electronic health record, which supports documentation of treatment indications and treatment outcomes. Prescriptions dispensed from January 1, 2005, through December 30, 2009, were followed up from the date of the prescription to the date the drug use was discontinued, the end of treatment, or the end of follow-up (December 30, 2010). Data were analyzed from January 5, 2012, to March 15, 2015. EXPOSURES: Off-label prescription drug use with and without strong scientific evidence. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Adverse drug events in off-label use with and without strong scientific evidence. Analysis used multivariate marginal Cox proportional hazards regression for clustered data with the drug as the unit of analysis. RESULTS: A total of 3484 ADEs were found in the 46 021 study patients, with an incidence rate of 13.2 per 10 000 person-months. The rate of ADEs for off-label use (19.7 per 10 000 person-months) was higher than that for on-label use (12.5 per 10 000 person-months) (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR], 1.44; 95% CI, 1.30-1.60). Off-label use lacking strong scientific evidence had a higher ADE rate (21.7 per 10 000 person-months) compared with on-label use (AHR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.37-1.72). However, off-label use with strong scientific evidence had the same risk for ADEs as on-label use (AHR, 1.10; 95% CI, 0.88-1.38). The risks for ADEs were higher for drugs approved from 1981 to 1995 (14.4 per 10 000 person-months; AHR, 1.62; 95% CI, 1.45-1.80) and for those used by women (14.3 per 10 000 person-months; AHR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.06-1.28), patients receiving 5 to 7 drugs (12.1 per 10 000 person-months; AHR, 3.23; 95% CI, 2.66-3.92), and patients receiving cardiovascular drugs (15.9 per 10 000 person-months; AHR, 3.30; 95% CI, 2.67-4.08) and anti-infectives (66.2 per 10 000 person-months; AHR, 6.33; 95% CI, 4.58-8.76). Patients with a 1-unit increase in the continuity of care index had a 19% increase in ADEs (AHR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.12-1.26). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Off-label use of prescription drugs is associated with ADEs. Caution should be exercised in prescribing drugs for off-label uses that lack strong scientific evidence. Future electronic health records should be designed to enable postmarket surveillance of treatment indications and treatment outcomes to monitor the safety of on- and off-label uses of drugs.

This paper deals with the in vitro effects of brassinosteroids (BRs) on growth in the form of multiple shoots, chlorophyll content, Hill reaction activity (HRA), activities of catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX), polyphenol oxidase (PPX), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) in Arachis hypogaea L. genotypes (M-13 and PBS24030). In vitro impact of BR on shoot multiplication potential was found to be the best at 1?mL?L-1 with BA (3?mg?L-1) in both the cultivars. Flowering was observed in PBS24030 on the medium containing 2.0?mL?L-1 BR with 3?mg?L-1 BA. Rhizogenesis was noticed in the presence of BR alone. Total chlorophyll content and HRA were highest at 2.0?mL?L-1 with BA in M-13 and 1.0?mL?L-1 with BA in PBS24030. Antioxidant enzyme activities were increased in the presence of BR whether alone or in combination with BA in both the cultivars. However, progressive decline was observed in case of MDA content. The results obtained in the study clearly indicated not only the in vitro establishment of groundnut cultivars in the presence of BR alone and in combination with BA but also its effect on various growth promotory physiological parameters.