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Due to numerous leakage zones, such as vugs, fractures, and caves appearing in carbonate rocks, lost circulation, the main issue, restricts safe and effective drilling. The lost circulation pattern of the vug-fractured limestone formation has been extensively studied using the Mishrif formation of the H oilfield in the Middle East as the research sample. The equivalent physical models of three different types of leakage zones, including vug, natural fracture, and induced fracture, were built based on the interpretation of FMI (Formation MicroScanner Image) logging. By embedding discrete fractures into a variable permeability matrix and solving it using the finite element method (FEM), a three-dimensional fluid–solid coupling mathematical model of mud loss rate was established. The study focused on the effects of drilling fluid performance parameters on lost circulation as well as the parameters of the single leakage zone (vug, natural fracture, or induced fracture) on lost circulation. Additionally mentioned were the variable characteristics of mud loss rate and cumulative mud loss volume in various combined ways of leakage zones. The findings indicate that there are considerable differences in how various types of leakage zones affect lost circulation properties. Fractures, particularly induced fractures, can result in more severe lost circulation than those brought on by vug for the creation of a single leaking zone. Mud loss rate and cumulative mud loss volume are greatly influenced by fracture width and dissolved radius, both of which have thresholds. Due to the enhanced flow conductivity, the lost circulation is more severe the more complicated the leakage zone combination mode is. The numerical model developed in this research provides a new perspective on how to analyze the lost circulation pattern of vug-fractured limestone formations and provides theoretical direction for lost circulation control of drilling in this kind of formation.

The triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has demonstrated an irreplaceable advantage compared with the electromagnetic generator (EMG) in featuring a greater low-frequency energy harvesting capability. However, the efficiency of energy harvesting remains challenge for wave energy under random-direction motion characteristics. In this work, a 3D fractal structure dual-mode spherical TENG (FDS-TENG) is constructed for efficient wave energy harvesting. Inspired by the structure of the burr puzzle, a three-module multiphase coupling strategy is introduced to the TENG through the ingenious 3D spatial geometric isomorphism design. The synergistic coupling motion between the modules achieves a dual-mode output in contact-separation mode and lateral sliding mode. The designed structure greatly increases the space utilization of the spherical TENG while enabling efficient capture of wave energy at low frequency, weak excitation, and in any direction of activation. The peak power density and average power density of the FDS-TENG can reach 8.3 W/m3and 1.1 W/m3at 2 Hz, respectively. Based on the FDS-TENG, several applications for the smart ocean, including the power supply of beacon lights and environmental sensors, have been successfully demonstrated. This novel design strategy is a significant inspiration for improving the response characteristics and output performance of TENGs in the future.

Purpose: This paper aims to numerically investigate the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) convection heat transfer of nanofluid inside a differentially heated enclosure with various fin morphologies. Design/methodology/approach: The fluid flow within the cavity was governed by N-S equations while it within porous medium was solved by the non-Darcy model, called the Darcy–Forchheimer model based on representative element-averaging method. Empirical correlations from experimental data are used to evaluate the effective thermal conductivity and dynamic viscosity. Relevant governing parameters, including thermal Rayleigh number (105-107), Hartmann number (0-50), Darcy number (10−6-10−1), thermal conductivity ratio of porous matrix (1-103), nanoparticles volume fraction (0-0.04) and topology designs of porous fins, are sensitively varied to identify their effects and roles on the fluid flow and heat transfer. Particularly, heatlines are used to investigate the mechanism of heat transport. Findings: Numerical results demonstrate that the predictions of average Nusselt number are augmented by using more porous fins with high permeability, and this effect becomes opposite in tiny Darcy numbers. Particularly, for high Darcy and Rayleigh numbers, the shortest fins could achieve the best performance of heat transfer. In addition, the prediction of average Nusselt number reduces with an increase in Hartmann numbers. An optimal nanoparticles concentration also exists to maximize heat transfer enhancement. Finally, numerical correlations for the average Nusselt number were proposed as functions of these governing parameters. Practical implications: Present work could benefit the thermal design of electronic cooling and thermal carriers in nanofluid engineering. Social implications: Present work could benefit the thermal design of electronic cooling and thermal carriers in nanofluid engineering. In addition, optimum thermal removals could enhance the lifetime of electronics, therefore reducing the cost of energy and materials. Originality/value: To the best knowledge of authors, there are not any studies considering the synergetic effects of porous fins on MHD convection of nanofluids. Present work could benefit the thermal design of electronic cooling and thermal carriers in nanofluid engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel clustering algorithm named local reachability density peaks clustering (LRDPC) which uses local reachability density to improve the performance of the density peaks clustering algorithm (DPC) is proposed in this paper. This algorithm enhances robustness by removing the cutoff distance dcwhich is a sensitive parameter from the DPC. In addition, a new allocation strategy is developed to eliminate the domino effect, which often occurs in DPC. The experimental results confirm that this algorithm is feasible and effective.

Quinolizidine alkaloids, a main form of alkaloids found in the genus Sophora, have been shown to have many pharmacological effects. This review aims to summarize the photochemical reports and biological activities of quinolizidine alkaloids in Sophora. The collected information suggested that a total of 99 quinolizidine alkaloids were isolated and detected from different parts of Sophora plants, represented by lupinine-type, cytisine-type, sparteine-type, and matrine-type. However, quality control needs to be monitored because it could provide basic information for the reasonable and efficient use of quinolizidine alkaloids as medicines and raw materials. The nonmedicinal parts may be promising to be used as a source of quinolizidine alkaloid raw materials and to reduce the waste of resources and environmental pollution. In addition, the diversity of chemical compounds based on the alkaloid scaffold to make a biological compound library needs to be extended, which may reduce toxicity and find new bioactivities of quinolizidine alkaloids. The bioactivities most reported are in the fields of antitumor activity along with the effects on the cardiovascular system. However, those studies rely on theoretical research, and novel drugs based on quinolizidine alkaloids are expected.

Vocal fold polyp is a benign proliferative disease in the superficial lamina propria of the vocal fold, and vocal microsurgery can improve the voice quality of patients with vocal fold polyp. In preliminary studies, we found that vocal training could improve the vocal quality of patients with early vocal fold polyp.

Inflammasomes are one of the most important mechanisms for innate immune defense against microbial infection but are also known to drive various inflammatory disorders via processing and release of the cytokine IL-1β. As research into the regulation and effects of inflammasomes in disease has rapidly expanded, a variety of cell types, including dendritic cells (DCs), have been suggested to be inflammasome competent. Here we describe a major fault in the widely used DC–inflammasome model of bone marrow–derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) generated with the cytokine granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). We found that among GM-CSF bone marrow–derived cell populations, monocyte-derived macrophages, rather than BMDCs, were responsible for inflammasome activation and IL-1β secretion. Therefore, GM-CSF bone marrow–derived cells should not be used to draw conclusions about DC-dependent inflammasome biology, although they remain a useful tool for analysis of inflammasome responses in monocytes–macrophages.

Machine learning (ML) has been widely applied to the upper layers of wireless communication systems for various purposes, such as deployment of cognitive radio and communication network. However, its application to the physical layer is hampered by sophisticated channel environments and limited learning ability of conventional ML algorithms. Deep learning (DL) has been recently applied for many fields, such as computer vision and natural language processing, given its expressive capacity and convenient optimization capability. The potential application of DL to the physical layer has also been increasingly recognized because of the new features for future communications, such as complex scenarios with unknown channel models, high speed and accurate processing requirements; these features challenge conventional communication theories. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of the emerging studies on DL-based physical layer processing, including leveraging DL to redesign a module of the conventional communication system (for modulation recognition, channel decoding, and detection) and replace the communication system with a radically new architecture based on an autoencoder. These DL-based methods show promising performance improvements but have certain limitations, such as lack of solid analytical tools and use of architectures that are specifically designed for communication and implementation research, thereby motivating future research in this field.

Corneal injuries and infections are the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Thus, understanding the mechanisms that control healing of the damaged cornea is critical for the development of new therapies to promptly restore vision. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a recently identified heterogeneous cell population that has been reported to orchestrate immunity and promote tissue repair in the lungs and skin after injury. However, whether ILCs can modulate the repair process in the cornea remains poorly understood. We identified a population of cornea-resident group 2 ILCs (ILC2s) in mice that express CD127, T1/ST2, CD90, and cKit. This cell population was relatively rare in corneas at a steady state but increased after corneal epithelial abrasion. Moreover, ILC2s were maintained and expanded locally at a steady state and after wounding. Depletion of this cell population caused a delay in corneal wound healing, whereas supplementation of ILC2s through adoptive transfer partially restored the healing process. Further investigation revealed that IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin had critical roles in corneal ILC2 responses and that CCR2−corneal macrophages were an important producer of IL-33 in the cornea. Together, these results reveal the critical role of cornea-resident ILC2s in the restoration of corneal epithelial integrity after acute injury and suggest that ILC2 responses depend on local induction of IL-25, IL-33, and thymic stromal lymphopoietin.

Low-cost high-efficiency H2evolution is indispensable for its large-scale applications in the future. In the research, we expect to build high active photocatalysts for sunlight-driven H2production by surface engineering to adjust the work function of photocatalyst surfaces, adsorption/desorption ability of substrates and products, and reaction activation energy barrier. Single-atom Pt-doped TiO2–xnanosheets (NSs), mainly including two facets of (001) and (101), with loading of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) at their edges (Pt/TiO2–x-SAP) are successfully prepared by an oxygen vacancy-engaged synthetic strategy. According to the theoretical simulation, the implanted single-atom Pt can change the surface work function of TiO2, which benefits electron transfer, and electrons tend to gather at Pt NPs adsorbed at (101) facet-related edges of TiO2NSs for H2evolution. Pt/TiO2–x-SAP exhibits ultrahigh photocatalytic performance of hydrogen evolution from dry methanol with a quantum yield of 90.8% that is ∼1385 times higher than pure TiO2–xNSs upon 365 nm light irradiation. The high H2generation rate (607 mmol gcata–1h–1) of Pt/TiO2–x-SAP is the basis for its potential applications in the transportation field with irradiation of UV–visible light (100 mW cm–2). Finally, lower adsorption energy for HCHO on Ti sites originated from TiO2(001) doping single-atom Pt is responsible for high selective dehydrogenation of methanol to HCHO, and H tends to favorably gather at Pt NPs on the TiO2(101) surface to produce H2.

Antibiotics exert selective pressures on clinically relevant antibiotic resistance. It is critical to understand how antibiotic resistance evolves in environmental microbes exposed to subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics and whether evolutionary dynamics and emergence of resistance are predictable. In this study, Comamonas testosteroniisolated from wastewater activated sludge were subcultured in a medium containing 10 ng/mL cefepime for 40 days (∼300 generations). Stepwise mutations were accumulated, leading to an ultimate 200-fold increase in the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of cefepime. Early stage mutation in DNA polymerase-encoding gene dnaE2played an important role in antibiotic resistance evolution. Diverse resistance mechanisms were employed and validated experimentally, including increased efflux, biofilm formation, reduced antibiotic uptake, and drug inactivation. The cefepime minimal selective concentrations (MSCs) and relative fitness of susceptible, intermediate, and resistant mutants were determined. Agent-based modeling of the modified Moran process enabled simulations of resistance evolution and predictions of the emergence time and frequency of resistant mutants. The unraveled cefepime resistance mechanisms could be employed by broader bacteria, and the newly developed model is applicable to the predictions of general resistance evolution. The improved knowledge facilitates the assessment, prediction, and mitigation of antibiotic resistance progression in antibiotic-polluted environments.

There are a kind of non-linear filters in the active detection problem solution which can weaken the bigger and strengthen the smaller samples, that can be called as Gaussianization, and to improve performance of subsequent correlation test. An explicit definition about this kind of nonlinear Gaussianization filter is given at first. In succession, the two typical nonlinear filters are proposed and studied. One is U-filter, based on the probability density function and its derivate. The other is G-filter, based on the cumulative distribution function and its inverse. Instances with lake trial data are illustrated to test these two methods' performance.

1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts have been determined to investigate the interactions of acetone with room temperature ionic liquids ([C4mim][PF6], [C6mim][PF6], [C8mim][PF6] and [C6mim][BF4]) at various acetone mole fractions. Changes in the chemical shifts of hydrogen and carbon atoms of the above systems indicated that hydrogen bonds were formed between the ring protons, the methyl and methylene next to the nitrogen of the ionic liquids and the carbonyl oxygen of the acetone molecules. The strength of hydrogen bond was found to be influenced not only by the type of the anion but also by the length of alkyl chain on the imidazolium ring of cations. At the same time, ab initiocalculations have been performed to support the NMR results.

AbstractAs a building energy saving equipment, the air-source heat pump is used broadly in china. At present, the lumped parameter model of frost, which is based on experiences and depend heavenly on the running conditions, is widely used in simulation study of air-source heat pumps. In this paper, a dynamic distributed parameter model is presented. The model takes the frost deposition on evaporator as one dimensional, transient formulation, whose mass and heat is transferred in porosity and has a moving boundary. Result shows that the proposed model favorably predicted the key parameters in frost formation and compared well with the experimental data.

Abstract: The effects of hypoxia on the levels of essential macroelements and trace elements (K, Na, Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn) in the heart muscles of Wistar rats and plateau pikas (Ochotona curzoniae) were studied by atomic absorption spectrometry. Unlike the rat, the plateau pika is tolerant to hypoxia. The levels of K, Na, and the trace element Mn were not significantly changed in rat or pika hearts after exposure to hypoxia for 1, 10, or 25 d at simulated altitudes of 5000 and 7000 m. Other minerals (Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Fe) were significantly affected by hypoxia and the levels followed different time-courses under different hypoxic regimes in these two animals. There were marked differences between the rat and pika in myocardial accumulation of essential elements such as Ca, which was increased to high levels in the rat but not affected in the pika. The results suggest that hypoxia affects animal physiological mechanisms by regulating the levels of essential elements.

Some sufficient conditions are established for the oscillation of all solutions of the advanced differential equation x′(t)−p(t)x(t+τ)=0 , t≥t0 , where the coefficient p(t)∈C([t0,∞),R) is oscillatory, and τ is a positive constant.

The viscosities of aqueous sodium alginate solutions were measured in different NaCl concentrations (C s) at 298 K. Based on the Odijk–Skolnick–Fixman theories, the electrostatic persistence lengths were calculated for various ionic strengths. The intrinsic persistence length of sodium alginate in solution was determined to be 125 Å by the method suggested by Odijk. In the region of $\hbox{C}_{\rm S}^{-1/2}> 6.5$, the increase in intrinsic viscosity, [η], for sodium alginate on decreasing the C s is due to the larger contribution of electrostatic persistence length to the total persistence length, and the departure of [η] calc from [η] expl is attributed to the variation of the Flory Φ constant with ionic strength. A peak was observed in the plot of reduced viscosity v. sodium alginate concentration at a constant low ionic strength. As in the treatment of Rinaudo et al., this maximum in reduced viscosity is attributed to a preferential intermolecular distance. The roles of electrostatic persistence length, the critical inter-rod spacing and the effect of added salt concentration on this maximum are discussed. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

We determined the concentrations of petroleum sultanate and labelled AP type surfactants under the distributions of petroleum sultanate and labelled AP type surfactants alone and their mixed system to using HPLC and radiosoptic tracer. The interaction between the above two kinds of surfactants in the partitioning process was described quantitively under CMC using the formula related to partition coefficient and Thermodynamic functions. It was found that the interaction between petroleum sultanate and labelled Ap211 was the strongest interaction among the petroleum sultanates and hi helled A P type surfactants or various HLB.

We used the radiosoptopic tracer and HPLC to measure the concentration of nonionic surfactants, petroleum sulfonate and polyacrylamide respectively,and studied the effect of petroleum sulfonate.polyacrylamide, black liquor, and black liquor system on distribution and diffusion of nonionic surfactants in the system of toluene and water, and tbe effect of nonionic surfactants on the distribution of petroleum sulfonate and polyacrylamide with different temperature. It was found that petroleum sulfonate mainly existed in the oil phase.polyacrylamide was quite the contrary, the existence of black liquor system and its components decreased both diffusion rates and partition coefficients of nonionic surfactants and the distribution of ic surfactants and the distribution of nonionic surfactants was different with the variation of HLB and temperature.

The interaction between sodium dodecylbenezen sulfonate(SDBS) and Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) has been studied,' using surface tension and dye solubilization to determine the critical micelle concentration(CMC) without PEO, the critical aggregate concentration(cac) and polymer saturation concentration(c2) in the presence of PEO. The structure of surfactant-polymer complexes is analyzed by ESR and UV-vis spectra. For SDBS-PEO system, the result indicates that ptoymer-surfactant complexes have a more " open" structure than the ordinary micelles. The polymer molecules may penetrate into the palisade of the micelles. Polyacrylamide(PAm) molecules remain in bulk solution as free molecules, and do not interact with SDBS.

Using a radiosoptopic tracer to measure the concentration of demulsifiers,we studied the distribution regularity of demulsifiers between crude oil and water phases under different temperatures and found that the dewatering rate is related to the partition coefficient of demulsifier, which is quite sensitive to the variation of temperature According to the experimental results, we hold that an effective demulsifier should possess a relatively high partition coefTicient.

The phase composition and properties of microemulsion system of Titron N-101 / n-pentanol/ n-octane/ water (ammonia solution) were studied. CeO2 nanopaticles were prepared by the reaction of cerous nitrate.

Short chain polyene cation diene and triene radicals generated by X‐ray irradiation of different polyenes diluted in a CFCl3matrix have been detected by EPR and the magnitudes of the gand isotropic hyperfine coupling constants have been obtained. The structure of the resulting cation radicals were deduced by comparing the experimental coupling constants to those derived from an INDO calculation. An estimate was obtained of the unpaired spin density as a function of chain length, suggesting that resolved hyperfine structure in the EPR spectra of long chain carotenoid cation radicals should not be observed.

Inclusion complexes of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) with sodium octyl sulfonate (C8As), sodium dodecyl sulfonate (C12As), and sodium hexadecyl sulfonate (C16As) in aqueous solutions are studied by surface tension measurement at the air/water interface at different temperatures. At fixed concentrations of the surfactants, the surface tension increases with an increase in β-CD concentration to a maximum value, at which it holds. The surface tension curves of the surfactants in the presence of β-CD are higher than those in the absence of β-CD. The curves rise higher with the increase in β-CD concentration for each surfactant. The apparent critical micelle concentrations (CMC*) of the surfactants vary linearly with β-CD concentration. The CMC* and surface tension values (including those after the CMC*) for the same system decrease with increase in temperature. A numerical method based on surface tension measurements is developed to determine the association constants for 1:1 inclusion complexes. This method is very reliable and easy to perform. The results demonstrate that the longer the hydrophobic tail of the surfactant, the greater the association constant with β-CD, and that for the same surfactant the association constant is higher at lower temperatures.

The inclusion complexes of β-CD with sodium octylsulfonate (C8As), sodium dodecyl sulfonate (C12As), andsodium hexadecyl sulfonate (C16As) in aqueous solutions havebeen studied by surface tension measurement at the air/water interfaceand 1H NMR spectroscopy at 323 K. At fixed concentrations of the surfactants, the surface tensions firstincrease with the increase of β-CD concentrations,then they attain a maximum. The surface tension curves of the surfactantsin the presence of β-CD are higher than those in the absence ofβ-CD. The values increase with increasing β-CD concentrations foreach surfactant. The apparent critical micelle concentrations (CMC) of thesurfactants vary linearly with β-CD concentrations. A 1H NMR study shows that the signals of theinner H-3 and H-5 of β-CDshift upfield upon addition of the surfactants.The magnitude of the chemicalshift changes (Δδ=δ CDδ obs)varies as a functionof the concentrations of the surfactants. From therelationships between the chemicalshift changes of H-3 or H-5 inside the β-CD cavityand guest/host molar ratios, a 1:1 stoichiometry foreach inclusion complex is assumed. The associationconstants of the inclusion complexes have beendetermined by 1H NMR spectroscopy.

The microenviromental properties of sodium perfluorooctanoate(SPFO) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB) mixed micellar solutions were studied by using ESR, NMR and surface tension measurement al the air/water interface. The mixed anionic fluorocarbon and cationic hydrocarbon surfactants in this special case have higher surface activity since it is not universal for any type of syatem. 1H NMR results show that there is strong interaction between cationic surfactant and anionic surfactant either as hydrocarbon surfactant or fluorocarbon surfactant mixture due to strong electric static interaction of opposite charge head group, synergistic to form the mixed micelles, and indicating diat SPFO molecules penetrate into the interior of CTAB micelles. ESR using 5-doxyi stearic acid label technique reveals the increase of microviscosity of the mixed micellar interface.

The tribological behaviour of unimplanted and cerium ion implanted GCr15 bearing steel with three kinds of dosages was investigated with an SRV wear tester and dynamic-static friction precision measurement apparatus under dry friction conditions. The tribological behaviour of the samples was also evaluated under liquid paraffin lubrication. The test results showed that the wear resistance of the implanted specimens increased considerably with increasing implantation dose of cerium. Implanted ion cerium increased the wear resistance by 0.1–4.2 times under dry friction. The coefficient of friction decreased with increasing dose of cerium implantation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analytical results showed that cerium is present in Ce4+state on the rubbing surface of implanted specimen, and there is no cerium transfer from implanted specimen to friction counterpart. Therefore, it is supposed that the increasing wear resistance was due to the increasing cohesive strength of the oxide film.

To study the developments and variations of unsafe behaviors in nuclear power plants thus reduce the possibility of human-related accidents, this paper, based on the Game Theory, focused on the changes in benefits of the Department of Management, Operational and Emergency in a nuclear power plant, and established the expected revenue functions of these departments. Additionally, the preventive measures of unsafe behaviors in nuclear power plants were also presented in terms of these 3 departments. Results showed that the violations of the Operation Department (OD) and the Emergency Department (ED) were not only relevant with the factors such as their own risks, costs, and the responsibility-sharing due to accidents, but also affected by the safety investments from the Management Department (MD). Furthermore, results also showed that the accident-induced responsibility-sharing of both the OD and the ED would rise, if the MD increased the investments in safety. As a result, the probability of violation behaviors of these 3 departments would be attenuated consciously, which would reduce the unsafe behaviors in the nuclear power plants significantly.

Directly use of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as electrocatalysts by taking the intrinsic advantages of MOFs architecture for water splitting have attracted tremendous interest. Herein, we reported a vapor-phase transformation method to construct well-aligned nickel based MOFs (Ni-MOF) nanoarrays grown on electrochemical exfoliated graphite (EG) foil and further phosphorization treatment to derive a Ni-MOF/Ni2P@EG. In such a hybrid structure, Ni2P with a particle size of ~9 nm was encapsulated into Ni-MOF nanorod arrays on EG foil. Profiting from super hydrophilic nature and nanoarray feature, the Ni-MOF/Ni2P@EG hybrid displayed an excellent activity of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with low overpotentials of 132 and 233 mV at 10 and 150 mA cm−2, respectively, as well as a small Tafel slope of 59 mV dec−1in alkaline media, which are among the best values in all previously reported MOFs-based hybrid HER electrocatalysts and even outperform commercial Pt/C at high current density (250 mV at 150 mA cm−2). The strong coupling effect of the constructed interfaces in this hybrid resulted in an efficient electron transfer from Ni2P to Ni-MOF, which promotes the adsorption of water molecules for accelerating water dissociation step, thus boosting hydrogen generation. Further, this Ni-MOF/Ni2P@EG could be used as cathode in alkaline Zn–H2O cell, reaching a power density of 4.1 mW cm−2with high stability to integrate hydrogen production with electricity generation.

A superaerophobic heterostructured nanowrinkles of bimetallic selenides is developed.The 3D heterostructure exhibits excellent activity and stability towards oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in base.

Asymmetric induction up to 92.2% has been obtained in the hydroesterification of norbornene with carbon monoxide and alcohols in the presence of Pd(OAc)2, 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-2,5-dideoxy-2,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)-l-iditol and p-toluenesulfonic acid.

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.

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