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The CO hydrogenation reaction over the Rh(111) and (211) surfaces has been investigated operando by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy at a pressure of 150 mbar. Observations of the resting state of the catalyst give mechanistic insight into the selectivity of Rh for generating ethanol from CO hydrogenation. This study shows that the Rh(111) surface does not dissociate all CO molecules before hydrogenation of the O and C atoms, which allows methoxy and other both oxygenated and hydrogenated species to be visible in the photoelectron spectra.

Controlled electrochemical oxidation of hydrocarbons to desired products is an attractive approach in catalysis. Here we study the electrochemical propene oxidation under operandoconditions using Pd L-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) as a sensitive probe to elucidate surface processes occurring during catalysis. Together with ab initiomultiple-scattering calculations, our XAS results enable assignment of characteristic changes of the Pd L-edge intensity and energy position in terms of a mechanistic understanding of the selective oxidation of propene. The results, supported by electrochemical density functional theory DFT simulations, show that in the potential range of 0.8–1.0 V vs.the reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), selective oxidation of propene to acrolein and acrylic acid occurs on the metallic Pd surface. These reactions are proposed to proceed viathe Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism. In contrast, for the potential range of 1.1–1.3 V vs.RHE, selective oxidation of propene to propylene glycol takes place on a Pd oxide surface.

Catalytic water splitting driven by renewable electricity offers a promising strategy to produce molecular hydrogen, but its efficiency is severely restricted by the sluggish kinetics of the anodic water oxidation reaction. Amorphous catalysts are reported to show better activities of water oxidation than their crystalline counterparts, but little is known about the underlying origin, which retards the development of high-performance amorphous oxygen evolution reaction catalysts. Herein, on the basis of cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, isotope labeling, and in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy studies, we demonstrate that an amorphous catalyst can be electrochemically activated to expose active sites in the bulk thanks to the short-range order of the amorphous structure, which greatly increases the number of active sites and thus improves the electrocatalytic activity of the amorphous catalyst in water oxidation.

We report that an ultrafast kinetics of reversible metal-ion insertion can be realized in anatase titanium dioxide (TiO2). Niobium ions (Nb5+) were carefully chosen to dope and drive anatase TiO2into very thin nanosheets standing perpendicularly onto transparent conductive electrode (TCE) and simultaneously construct TiO2with an ion-conducting surface together with expanded ion diffusion channels, which enabled ultrafast metal ions to diffuse across the electrolyte/solid interface and into the bulk of TiO2. To demonstrate the superior metal-ion insertion rate, the electrochromic features induced by ion intercalation were examined, which exhibited the best color switching speed of 4.82 s for coloration and 0.91 s for bleaching among all reported nanosized TiO2devices. When performed as the anode for the secondary battery, the modified TiO2was capable to deliver a highly reversible capacity of 61.2 mAh/g at an ultrahigh specific current rate of 60 C (10.2 A/g). This fast metal-ion insertion behavior was systematically investigated by the well-controlled electrochemical approaches, which quantitatively revealed both the enhanced surface kinetics and bulk ion diffusion rate. Our study could provide a facile methodology to modulate the ion diffusion kinetics for metal oxides.

SYNOPTIC ABSTRACTWe develop a method to predict an optimal cutoff point from an ascending list of potential customer activation scores to maximize profit in a future direct marketing campaign. The scoring model is based upon attributes available from a database. Our Bayesian predictive decision theoretic solution is based on two features: (1) a three-parameter bounded, asymmetric loss function BLINEX that has a higher penalty for failure to choose good prospects rather than including too many bad prospects; and (2) a Bayesian nonstandard t-predictive distribution for a future optimal score derived from normal-gamma likelihood function with unknown mean and variance based on data consisting of past optimal activation scores together with a four-parameter conjugate prior. The parameters of the BLINEX loss are also derived from past data. A comparison of BLINEX derived profits with those from traditional squared error loss is made via a fractional factorial experimental design with a half-normal analysis. It shows that our method is far superior based on predicted profit and that, of all parameters, the BLINEX asymmetry and prior mean are the most influential main effects.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of 18F-FDG PET/CT scans in detecting adrenal metastasis in liver transplant candidates with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). A total of 166 patients diagnosed with HCC received 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging before liver transplantation. Of these patients, 5 patients (4 males, 1 female; median age: 51.2 y, range: 33-61 y) were found to have suspected adrenal metastases and were included in this study. Two cases (Cases 1 and 5) underwent an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan at the initial stage, 3 cases (Cases 2-4) underwent an 18F-FDG PET/CT scan for restaging, and one case (Case 5) underwent a second 18F-FDG PET/CT scan for evaluating treatment response. Among the 8 lesions, there was one false-negative metastatic lesion (Lesion 4, Case 3) and one false-positive adrenal gland lesion (Lesion 7, Case 5) when compared with either histopathologic reports or established clinical and imaging follow-up results. In general, 18F-FDG PET/CT scans have limitations that make it difficult to distinguish between malignant and benign lesions in adrenal glands that are based only on quantitative values measured using the 18F-FDG PET/CT scan.

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) for patients with Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip is technically challenging. This group of patients has a higher incidence of nerve injury during THA. Although neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring has been developed to provide nerve monitoring, it is not always available. The wake-up test has been used for intraoperative spinal cord monitoring during major spinal surgery, but no study has reported the use of the wake-up test for neurologic monitoring during THA in patients with severe developmental dysplasia of the hip. The authors retrospectively reviewed 22 THA procedures in 20 patients with Crowe type IV developmental dysplasia of the hip who underwent the wakeup test during THA. In the current study, 1 patient could not dorsiflex her foot during the wake-up test. Therefore, the authors immediately reduced the length of limb lengthening by 1 cm. Postoperative drop foot and numbness occurred but resolved completely 2 months later. None of the patients who showed no deficits in motion of the feet during the intraoperative wake-up test had signs of postoperative nerve injury. In the current study, there was no false-positive or false-negative finding. The authors concluded that the wake-up test, which is simple, safe, and reliable, is a useful technique and a possible alternative to neurophysiologic intraoperative monitoring in checking nerve function during THA in patients with severe developmental dysplasia of the hip.

In the present work, hydrophobic multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were modified, by the substitution of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and inorganic acids (H2SO4and HNO3), as hydrophilic MWCNTsPAAand MWCNTsAcid. The modified nanotubes were dispersed in an ethanol solution containing 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT). PtCl62−ions were reduced electrochemically to platinum (Pt) by electrons supplied by the polymerization of EDOT. The reduced platinum was deposited as Pt nanoparticles (nps) on the MWCNTs, to form MWCNTsPAA-PEDOT-Pt(nps) and MWCNTsAcid-PEDOT-Pt(nps). Electrostatic interactions between carboxyl groups on the MWCNTs and EDOT monomers allowed the Pt(nps) to be adsorbed onto the MWCNTs. The quantity of Pt(nps) associated with the MWCNTsPAA-PEDOT-Pt(nps) composite was greater than that with the MWCNTsAcid-PEDOT-Pt(nps) composite, due to the substitution of the carboxyl group in MWCNTsPAA. UV−visible spectroscopy was used to measure the reducing ability of EDOT. FTIR-ATR, TGA, ZETA potential analysis, SEM, and TEM were used to analyze the morphologies and properties of the MWCNTsPAA-PEDOT-Pt(nps) and MWCNTsAcid-PEDOT-Pt(nps) electrodes: the cell efficiencies of these new materials, when used to fabricate composite counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), were found to be 4.78% and 2.71%, respectively.

Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) is a cation-exchange resin used to treat patients with hyperkalemia. Concomitant administration of kayexalate and sorbitol may induce gastrointestinal injury, which is potentially lethal. However, this well-documented complication is often underrecognized both clinically and pathologically. We propose a typical case along with colonoscopic photos and microscopic pictures. Additionally, we also present a review of the literature on this rare drug-induced side effect.

Kayexalate (sodium polystyrene sulfonate) is a cation‐exchange resin used to treat patients with hyperkalemia. Concomitant administration of kayexalate and sorbitol may induce gastrointestinal injury, which is potentially lethal. However, this well‐documented complication is often underrecognized both clinically and pathologically. We propose a typical case along with colonoscopic photos and microscopic pictures. Additionally, we also present a review of the literature on this rare drug‐induced side effect. 凱鉀力寧散 (Kayexalate; sodium polystyrene sulfonate) 是一種臨床上常用的陽離子交換樹脂，功用為降低病人的血鉀濃度。當使用山梨醣醇(sorbitol) 作為凱鉀力寧散的溶劑時，這種藥物組合可能會造成致命的腸道壞死。但是，不管是在臨床上或病理上，醫師常常忽略這個已被證實的藥物副作用。在我們提出的這個典型病例中，該病人在口服凱鉀力寧散與山梨醣醇之後，併發了典型的壞死性大腸炎；我們也附上內視鏡與病理照片，來闡述其可觀察到的變化。最後，我們也針對這個罕見但致命的藥物副作用，做詳細的文獻整理。

A 32‐year‐old male had suffered from persistent dull epigastric pain, constipation, postprandial vomiting, and body‐weight loss for 2 months. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan showed thickening of the proximal jejunal wall. He was also referred to our center for an fluoro‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose‐positron emission tomography (FDG‐PET) scan because his tumor marker CA19‐9 was above 800 ng/mL and malignancy was suspected. The PET scan showed an FDG‐avid lesion over the upper left abdomen. Endoscopy of the small intestine revealed focal thickening of the mucosal fold and skip ulcer lesions in the jejunum. Culture from the biopsy tissue proved the diagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosisinfection. No evidence of pulmonary tuberculosis was detected during further evaluation.

Metastatic tumors of the clitoris from cervical carcinoma are extremely rare. Here, we described a 54-year-old woman with clitoral metastasis from cervical carcinoma demonstrated on 18F-FDG PET/CT images.