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BackgroundThe ZFHX3gene plays vital roles in embryonic development, cell proliferation, neuronal differentiation and neuronal death. This study aims to explore the relationship between ZFHX3variants and epilepsy.MethodsWhole-exome sequencing was performed in a cohort of 378 patients with partial (focal) epilepsy. A Drosophila Zfh2knockdown model was used to validate the association between ZFHX3and epilepsy.ResultsCompound heterozygous ZFHX3variants were identified in eight unrelated cases. The burden of ZFHX3variants was significantly higher in the case cohort, shown by multiple/specific statistical analyses. In Zfh2knockdown flies, the incidence and duration of seizure-like behaviour were significantly greater than those in the controls. The Zfh2knockdown flies exhibited more firing in excitatory neurons. All patients presented partial seizures. The five patients with variants in the C-terminus/N-terminus presented mild partial epilepsy. The other three patients included one who experienced frequent non-convulsive status epilepticus and two who had early spasms. These three patients had also neurodevelopmental abnormalities and were diagnosed as developmental epileptic encephalopathy (DEE), but achieved seizure-free after antiepileptic-drug treatment without adrenocorticotropic-hormone/steroids. The analyses of temporal expression (genetic dependent stages) indicated that ZFHX3orthologous were highly expressed in the embryonic stage and decreased dramatically after birth.ConclusionZFHX3is a novel causative gene of childhood partial epilepsy and DEE. The patients of infantile spasms achieved seizure-free after treatment without adrenocorticotropic-hormone/steroids implies a significance of genetic diagnosis in precise treatment. The genetic dependent stage provided an insight into the underlying mechanism of the evolutional course of illness.

Effective urban land-use re-planning and the strategic arrangement of drainage pipe networks can significantly enhance urban flood defense capacity. Aimed at reducing the potential risks of urban flooding, this paper presents a straightforward and efficient approach to an urban distributed runoff model (UDRM). The model is developed to quantify the discharge and water depth within urban drainage pipe networks under varying rainfall intensities and land-use scenarios. The Nash efficiency coefficient of UDRM exceeds 0.9, which indicates its high computational efficiency and potential benefit in predicting urban flooding. The prediction of drainage conditions under both current and re-planned land-use types is achieved by adopting different flood recurrence intervals. The findings reveal that the re-planned land-use strategies could effectively diminish flood risk upstream of the drainage pipe network across 20-year and 50-year flood recurrence intervals. However, in the case of extreme rainfall events (a 100-year flood recurrence), the re-planned land-use approach fell short of fulfilling the requirements necessary for flood disaster mitigation. In these instances, the adoption of larger-diameter drainage pipes becomes an essential requisite to satisfy drainage needs. Accordingly, the proposed UDRM effectively combines land-use information with pipeline data to give practical suggestions for pipeline modification and land-use optimization to combat urban floods. Therefore, this methodology warrants further promotion in the field of urban re-planning.

Objective: The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pulsed field ablation in individuals diagnosed with atrial fibrillation. Methods: A total of 36 patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation were enrolled in the pulsed field ablation group, while another 36 patients diagnosed with atrial fibrillation were included in the radiofrequency ablation group. Among the study participants, 15 patients in the pulsed field ablation group and 17 patients in the radiofrequency ablation group had persistent atrial fibrillation. Comprehensive comparisons were made between the two groups, including baseline data, underlying diseases, medication usage, intraoperative parameters, and atrial fibrillation recurrence rates at 1, 3, and 6 months during the postoperative follow-up period. Results: (1) There were no significant differences observed between the two groups concerning baseline data and antiarrhythmic drug usage (P> 0.05); (2) the effective ablation time for both left and right pulmonary veins in the pulsed field ablation group was markedly shorter compared to the radiofrequency ablation group (P< 0.001 for each vein); (3) within the pulsed field ablation group, the number of discharges, catheter operation time, and effective ablation time for the left pulmonary vein were significantly higher than those for the right pulmonary vein (P< 0.05). Conversely, in the radiofrequency ablation group, the number of discharges for the left pulmonary vein was significantly higher than that for the right pulmonary vein (P< 0.05); and (4) when comparing sinus rhythm maintenance at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively, no statistically significant differences were noted between the two groups for paroxysmal, persistent, and paroxysmal + persistent atrial fibrillation cases (P> 0.05). Conclusion: During the 6-month follow-up period, pulsed field ablation demonstrated comparable efficacy to radiofrequency ablation with respect to recurrence rates for both paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation. Moreover, pulsed field ablation exhibited high safety levels, excellent surgical efficiency, and a notably brief learning curve, affirming its viability as a therapeutic option for these conditions.

The proton beam energy determines the range of particles and thus where the dose is deposited. According to the depth of tumors, an energy degrader is needed to modulate the proton beam energy in proton therapy facilities based on cyclotrons, because the energy of beam extracted from the cyclotron is fixed. The energy loss was simulated for the graphite degrader used in the beamline at the superconducting cyclotron of 200 MeV in Hefei (SC200). After adjusting the mean excitation energy of the graphite used in the degrader to 76 eV, we observed an accurate match between the simulations and measurements. We also simulated the energy spread of the degraded beam and the transmission of the degrader using theoretical formulae. The results agree well with the Monte Carlo simulation.

Despite hypersialylation of cancer cells together with a significant upregulation of sialyltransferase (ST) activity contributes to the metastatic cascade at multiple levels, there are few dedicated tools to interfere with their expression. Although transition state-based ST inhibitors are well-established, they are not membrane permeable. To tackle this problem, herein, we design and construct long-circulating, self-assembled core–shell nanoscale coordination polymer (NCP) nanoparticles carrying a transition state-based ST inhibitor, which make the inhibitor transmembrane and potently strip diverse sialoglycans from various cancer cells. In the experimental lung metastasis and metastasis prevention models, the nanoparticle device (NCP/STI) significantly inhibits metastases formation without systemic toxicity. This strategy enables ST inhibitors to be applied to cells and animals by providing them with a well-designed nanodelivery system. Our work opens a new avenue to the development of transition state-based ST inhibitors and demonstrates that NCP/STI holds great promise in achieving metastases inhibition for multiple cancers.

Hybrid electric vehicles present a promising approach to reduce fuel consumption and carbon dioxide emissions. The core technology of hybrid electric vehicles is an energy management strategy to distribute torque between the engine and the electric motor. This study presents an optimized energy management strategy based on real-time control. The operation platform of the control system is based on the dSPACE/simulator, which is a commercial hardware closed-loop system. First, an energy management strategy is built by using an empirical analysis method. To reduce fuel consumption further and to maintain the balance of the battery state of charge, dynamic programming is introduced to achieve the best fuel economy. Optimal gear shifting and engine torque control rules are then extracted into a rule-based control algorithm. Meanwhile, genetic algorithm is introduced to optimize the mode transition rules and the engine torque under parallel mode through an iterative method by defining a cost function over specific driving cycles. Second, a driving cycle recognition algorithm is built to obtain the optimization result over different driving cycles. The real vehicle model is verified by using a hardware-in-the-loop simulator in a virtual forward-facing simulation environment. The energy management strategy uses a code generation technology in the TTC200 controller to achieve vehicle real-time communication. Simulation results demonstrate that the real-time energy management strategy can coordinate the overall hybrid electric powertrain system to optimize fuel economy over different driving cycles and to maintain the battery state of charge.

The power management strategy for a hybrid electric vehicle uses expert knowledge and experience to determine the control rules and thresholds, but it is difficult to obtain good performance. This paper presents a dynamic programming algorithm based on a powertrain system to find the optimal solution in the specific speed cycle, but this method cannot be applied to a real-time control system. Therefore, the optimal control rules and thresholds are extracted for the rule-based strategy; the simulation results show that the refined strategy can reduce the fuel consumption by about 14.41% compared with that obtained by the original logic rule control algorithm in the Chinese urban driving cycle. An online neural network energy controller based on the dynamic programming results is provided by choosing a reasonable network structure and control parameters to improve the control precision; the numerical simulation results show that the neural network controller improves the vehicle fuel economy by 15.05%, which is closer to the dynamic programming algorithm simulation result. This control algorithm not only can be used in real-time control and reduces the computational complexity but also allows new design ideas to be proposed for the control algorithm and the vehicle fuel consumption to be reduced.

In this paper, the advantage of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) equipped with dual clutch transmission (DCT) was presented. Five HEV simulation models equipped with DCT were built on the basis of AVL CRUISE software. According to different power-train configurations, different control strategies were built by MATLAB/SIMULINK. The advantage and disadvantage of each power-train configurations was analyzed through simulation. The results supplied the foundation for the next step vehicle development.

The application prospect of conductive rubber composite is introduced. The mechanism of resistance relaxation of conductive rubber composite was expounded. Several representative mathematical models of the resistance relaxation effect of conductive rubber composite were introduced. The influence of external temperature, heat treatment temperature, the amount of conductive filler, the type and the size of stress, nanomodified materials and dispersing additives on the resistance relaxation effect of the conductive rubber composite were discussed respectively. Finally, a brief description of the application status of conductive rubber composite and its summary and outlook were made.

The conductive silicon rubber samples have been prepared in different filler ingredients, the platform is builded for testing the piezoresistive characteristics of conductive silicon rubber when the material is under water pressure and the test methods are designed, the body piezoresistive properties and surface piezoresistive properties under the water pressure within a certain range are studied respectively. The results show that, the sample of 6% acetylene black/2% nanoSiO2 blends exhibit the best piezoresistive performance when the samples are under water pressure, the piezoresistive properties of the material can be improved with the increase of the thickness of the materials (2mm-4mm), and the conductive silicon rubber used for the pressure-sensitive materials of piezoresistive gauge is feasible.

This paper first describes a variety of heat transfer which exists in cable’s discharge pipe laying process, and analyzes the entire heat transfer process of 10kV three core cable in a two-dimensional interface qualitatively according to the heat transfer ways. Meanwhile, a finite element model of 10kV three-core cable’s discharged pipe-laying is established, and its temperature field equations and boundary condition equations has been discussed. Finally, we get the heat transfer process of the three core cable’s pipe-laying discharged and a finite element model which can be applied to simulated calculation.

A statistics method of the high frequency working area of engine (HFWA) was proposed based on the power required of engine. The power required of engine in different typical driving cycles were statistical analyzed. The weighting function of engine efficiency interval was defined according to the power required, then the degree of engine working efficiency Dm in typical driving cycles was calculated on the assumption of weighting function and efficiency. The more suitable engine of HEV was found by taking Dm as index. Through the simulation analysis and testing, the most economic engine was chosen from the optional engines.

Compressive sensing (CS) theory asserts that one can recover original signals from far fewer random samples under the condition of being sparse. CS theory is applied to high resolution imaging of vehicle-mounted stepped-frequency forward-looking ground-penetrating radar. This paper explores an approach of obtaining discrete scattering structure of the metal mine based on CS imaging and extracting geometry parameters to discriminate targets. Real data of vehicle-mounted stepped-frequency forward-looking ground-penetrating radar is processed. High resolution images of the metal mine with double-scattering structure are obtained. The feasibility of the method is tested through these images.

As we know that ceria (CeO2), alumina (Al2O3), aluminum (Al) and iron oxide (Fe2O3) can improve the anti-aging properties of the rubber, mixed these materials with carbon black and filling conductive silicone rubber, some samples have been prepared. Have described the anti-aging method of the silicone rubber and discussed the test method of the changes in properties after aging. Have tested the changes of mechanical properties and electrical conductivity before and after the air aging test of the conductive silicone rubber which with or without addition of modified material. Have discussed the reasons why modified materials can improve the anti-aging performance of the conductive silicon rubber. The results show that with the addition of these types of nanomaterials the stability of mechanical and electrical properties of the conductive silicone rubber can be improved before or after aging treatment.

Magnetic suspension type belt conveyor used magnetic machinery technology design can solve the belt conveyor of roller support parts number, large energy consumption and high maintenance cost, limited tape speed, large noise and other issues. Magnetic belt conveyor design is the key to stability analysis of the operation of conveyor belt. Papers from a mechanical point of view to study the structural stability calculation. The results show that small interfering in the external magnetic conveyor belt, the permanent support system can be adjusted to spontaneously stable equilibrium state.

THS II[1-3] is one of the most popular HEV configurations which has three power sources: an engine, an electric motor and a generator. When the engine is started, the dynamic response of engine will cause the vehicle to be power failure or great fluctuation. Therefore, in order to ensure good effect of vehicle dynamic coordination, it is necessary to use the electric motor's torque compensation principle to achieve dynamic coordination control of power sources, during the period of mode switch.

Planetary power-split hybrid vehicle is a very common structure of hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), which achieves speed and torque double decoupled between engine and wheels. Engine always working on optimal curve is an important reason for low fuel-efficient. Engine speed is controlled by PID, and the optimal loading rate of engine is solved from engine characteristic curves; finally realization of engine working on optimal curve. Offline simulation is used for this algorithm, and comparing with many experimental results demonstrates engine works on operating point; fuel consumption is close to the official fuel consumption of Prius.

EVT transmission in Planetary Gear Hybrid Electric Vehicles makes it available that the engine works on the optimal curves; yet because of the speed limitation of motor MG1, the maximum output power of the engine is a function of vehicle speed. The maximum traction and regenerative braking power is also a function of vehicle speed. Based on this, the vehicle drive modes consist of EV mode, economy mode and power mode, and braking modes include the regenerative braking mode and electromechanical braking mode.

As human overexploitation of non-renewable fossil fuels such as mining resources, the global environment has been severely polluted and damaged, which also poses a threat to human's health. So it is full of demands for renewable and clean energy sources. At present R & D of new energy is also increasing emphasised around the world. HDR as a renewable clean geothermal resources, with large reserves, widely distributed, heat, environmentally friendly development, through the heat exchange technology for power generation, which has a strong potential value.To actively develop new energy and promote the application of HDR power generation technology,we start from the basic characteristics of the HDR, and explore the basic principles of HDR power generation, the key technologies and the development of economic conditions. Meanwhile combined with the geographical characteristics of the environment in China, from the perspective of integration of subject resources,finally we constructively put forward a three-stage strategy for HDR power generation development plan.

Temperature is an important parameter for the characterization of the transformer and the motor running. Winding temperature test according to the actual operation of the traction transformer and motor temperature protection device requirements, in-depth study, temperature test of the traction transformer based on virtual instrument and traction motor winding resistance method, the method using LabVIEW to develop test software, respectively, for data acquisition, data playback, data analysis and processing, data file management functions, and temperature test equipment, not only real-time test system, but also post-processing the data after the test, in order to analysis of the factors that affect the temperature of the windings. Validity of the method is proved by experiments.

Parallel-series is a kind of hybrid configuration which is used in excavator. This configuration can give full contribution to the energy saving potential of hybrid excavator. In the paper, based on the cycle power of excavator, the hybrid power-train’s parameters are matched. Then we analysis the matching results on the software simulation model we have built. The simulation results show that using this method the system can meet the power demand of excavator, and the efficiency of the excavator was improved.

The study on standard driving cycles is of great significance on design and control algorithms for HEV. This article applies the theory of uniform design on the driving cycle parameters research. According to the uniform design scheme for driving cycle parameters, not only greatly reduce the number of simulation experiments, by analyzing the experiment results, but also efficiently and intuitively identify the primary and secondary factors of driving cycle experiment parameters. Through the relevant energy management algorithm, simulation proves that the driving cycle parameters research on HEV is significance to improve the fuel economy.

A control strategy which based on minimum instantaneous equivalent fuel consumption was proposed in this paper. The important parameters that affected the calculation of instantaneous fuel consumption were analyzed. The important parameters include battery equivalent fuel consumption, penalty function to maintain the battery SOC and the revise of the regenerative braking energy. More precise expression of minimum instantaneous fuel consumption was deduced. Under the simulation platform of ADVISOR software, orthogonal optimization of parameters was performed and the range of important parameters in the optimization of expression was determined.

The theory of the excavator’s hydraulic system was elaborated in the paper taking a 20t hybrid hydraulic excavator produced by a domestic company for example. The rotary movement of the hybrid hydraulic excavator was achieved by a newly developed electric motor, fuel consumption could be reduced as the result of the speed inhibition when the excavator standby. The modeling of excavator’s hydraulic system, front-end attachments and revolving frame were built on the AMESim platform according to the installation and actual sizes of the hydraulic components. By setting the parameters of every component in the model, mechanical- electronic- hydraulic integrated simulation was achieved. The paper focused on the solutions of hydraulic system’s pressure fluctuation and poor simulation results of front-end attachments. As a conclusion, appropriate solutions and simulation results were proposed to improve the precision.

In this paper based on the model of hybrid excavator that established in the software environment of AMESim, a configuration design and modeling of the power system of the excavator were made，then the several hybrid power system modes and energy-saving mechanisms of hybrid excavator were simulated and analyzed, the energy-saving potentialities of various energy-saving ways were calculated, and a hybrid power configuration mode that suit for present hybrid excavator was put forward.