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Although electro-Fenton (EF) processes can avoid the safety risks raised by concentrated hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the Fe(III) reduction has always been either unstable or inefficient at high pH, resulting in catalyst deactivation and low selectivity of H2O2activation for producing hydroxyl radicals (•OH). Herein, we provided a strategy to regulate the surface dipole moment of TiO2by Fe anchoring (TiO2–Fe), which, in turn, substantially increased the H2O2activation for •OH production. The TiO2–Fe catalyst could work at pH 4–10 and maintained considerable degradation efficiency for 10 cycles. Spectroscopic analysis and a theoretical study showed that the less polar Fe–O bond on TiO2–Fe could finely tune the polarity of H2O2to alter its empty orbital distribution, contributing to better ciprofloxacin degradation activity within a broad pH range. We further verified the critical role of the weakened polarity of H2O2on its homolysis into •OH by theoretically and experimentally investigating Cu-, Co-, Ni-, Mn-, and Mo-anchored TiO2. This concept offers an avenue for elaborate design of green, robust, and pH-universal cathodic Fenton-like catalysts and beyond.

Intrinsically stretchable electronics with skin-like mechanical properties have been identified as a promising platform for emerging applications ranging from continuous physiological monitoring to real-time analysis of health conditions, to closed-loop delivery of autonomous medical treatment1–7. However, current technologies could only reach electrical performance at amorphous-silicon level (that is, charge-carrier mobility of about 1 cm2V−1s−1), low integration scale (for example, 54 transistors per circuit) and limited functionalities8–11. Here we report high-density, intrinsically stretchable transistors and integrated circuits with high driving ability, high operation speed and large-scale integration. They were enabled by a combination of innovations in materials, fabrication process design, device engineering and circuit design. Our intrinsically stretchable transistors exhibit an average field-effect mobility of more than 20 cm2V−1s−1under 100% strain, a device density of 100,000 transistors per cm2, including interconnects and a high drive current of around 2 μA μm−1at a supply voltage of 5 V. Notably, these achieved parameters are on par with state-of-the-art flexible transistors based on metal-oxide, carbon nanotube and polycrystalline silicon materials on plastic substrates12–14. Furthermore, we realize a large-scale integrated circuit with more than 1,000 transistors and a stage-switching frequency greater than 1 MHz, for the first time, to our knowledge, in intrinsically stretchable electronics. Moreover, we demonstrate a high-throughput braille recognition system that surpasses human skin sensing ability, enabled by an active-matrix tactile sensor array with a record-high density of 2,500 units per cm2, and a light-emitting diode display with a high refreshing speed of 60 Hz and excellent mechanical robustness. The above advancements in device performance have substantially enhanced the abilities of skin-like electronics.

Traditional Chinese medicine, as a complementary and alternative medicine, has been practiced for thousands of years in China and possesses remarkable clinical efficacy. Thus, systematic analysis and examination of the mechanistic links between Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) and the complex human body can benefit contemporary understandings by carrying out qualitative and quantitative analysis. With increasing attention, the approach of network pharmacology has begun to unveil the mystery of CHM by constructing the heterogeneous network relationship of “herb-compound-target-pathway,” which corresponds to the holistic mechanisms of CHM. By integrating computational techniques into network pharmacology, the efficiency and accuracy of active compound screening and target fishing have been improved at an unprecedented pace. This review dissects the core innovations to the network pharmacology approach that were developed in the years since 2015 and highlights how this tool has been applied to understanding the coronavirus disease 2019 and refining the clinical use of CHM to combat it.

Next-generation light-emitting displays on skin should be soft, stretchable and bright1–7. Previously reported stretchable light-emitting devices were mostly based on inorganic nanomaterials, such as light-emitting capacitors, quantum dots or perovskites6–11. They either require high operating voltage or have limited stretchability and brightness, resolution or robustness under strain. On the other hand, intrinsically stretchable polymer materials hold the promise of good strain tolerance12,13. However, realizing high brightness remains a grand challenge for intrinsically stretchable light-emitting diodes. Here we report a material design strategy and fabrication processes to achieve stretchable all-polymer-based light-emitting diodes with high brightness (about 7,450 candela per square metre), current efficiency (about 5.3 candela per ampere) and stretchability (about 100 per cent strain). We fabricate stretchable all-polymer light-emitting diodes coloured red, green and blue, achieving both on-skin wireless powering and real-time displaying of pulse signals. This work signifies a considerable advancement towards high-performance stretchable displays.

O-GlcNAcylation is a post-translational modification of protein in response to genetic variations or environmental factors, which is controlled by two highly conserved enzymes, i.e. O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT) and protein O-GlcNAcase (OGA). Protein O-GlcNAcylation mainly occurs in the cytoplasm, nucleus, and mitochondrion, and it is ubiquitously implicated in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Alterations of O-GlcNAcylation could cause massive metabolic imbalance and affect cardiovascular function, but the role of O-GlcNAcylation in CVD remains controversial. That is, acutely increased O-GlcNAcylation is an adaptive heart response, which temporarily protects cardiac function. While it is harmful to cardiomyocytes if O-GlcNAcylation levels remain high in chronic conditions or in the long run. The underlying mechanisms include regulation of transcription, energy metabolism, and other signal transduction reactions induced by O-GlcNAcylation. In this review, we will focus on the interactions between protein O-GlcNAcylation and CVD, and discuss the potential molecular mechanisms that may be able to pave a new avenue for the treatment of cardiovascular events.

Organic materials that show substantial reactivity under visible light have received considerable attention due to their wide applications in chemical and biological systems. Hemicyanine pigments possess a strong intramolecular donor–acceptor structure and thereby display intense absorption in the visible spectral region. However, most excitons are consumed via the twisted intramolecular charge-transfer (TICT) process, making hemicyanines generally inert to light. Herein, we describe the development of an amphiphilic hemicyanine dye whose aggregation could be easily regulated using salt or counterions. More importantly, its intrinsic photoreactivity was successfully induced by steric restriction and cofacial arrangement within the H-aggregate, thus creating an effective photobactericide. This strategy could be extended to the development of photocatalysts for photosynthesis and a photosensitizer for photodynamic therapy.

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) jet printing is a widely employed technology to create high-resolution patterns and thus has enormous potential for circuit production. However, achieving both high conductivity and high resolution in printed polymer electrodes is a challenging task. Here, by modulating the aggregation state of the conducting polymer in the solution and solid phases, a stable and continuous jetting of PEDOT:PSS is realized, and high-conductivity electrode arrays are prepared. The line width reaches less than 5 μm with a record-high conductivity of 1250 S/cm. Organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) are further developed by combining printed source/drain electrodes with ultrathin organic semiconductor crystals. These OFETs show great light sensitivity, with a specific detectivity (D*) value of 2.86 × 1014Jones. In addition, a proof-of-concept fully transparent phototransistor is demonstrated, which opens up new pathways to multidimensional optical imaging.

Promotion of iron solubility using ligands is the preliminary step in the homogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) process at a mild pH, but the chelate efficiencies of most organic ligands are unsatisfactory, resulting in insufficient Fe(II) availability. In this study, atomic H* was, for the first time, introduced to the EF process to accelerate the regeneration of the Fe(II)-complex at a mild pH using a Ni-deposited carbon felt (Ni-CF) cathode. The introduction of atomic H* significantly elevated total organic carbon (TOC) abatement of ciprofloxacin (CIP) from 42% (CF) to 81% (Ni-CF) at a natural pH. In the presence of humic acids (HAs), atomic H* introduced via Ni-CF enhanced the CIP degradation rate to 10 times that of the CF at a mild pH. The electron spin resonance (ESR), density functional theory (DFT) calculations, electrochemical characterization, and in situelectrochemical Raman study clearly demonstrated that the atomic H* generated from the Ni-CF cathode was highly efficient at reducing Fe(III)-complexes at a natural pH. Additionally, the Ni-CF could generate atomic H* without significant nickel leaching. Thus, the atomic H* could continuously facilitate iron cycling and, consequently, enhance pollutant mineralization via the homogeneous EF process at a mild pH in an environmentally friendly manner.

Pyrogenic carbonaceous matter (PCM) catalyzes the transformation of a range of organic pollutants by sulfide in water; however, the mediation mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we observed for the first time that the degradation of azo dyes by sulfide initially underwent a lag phase followed by a fast degradation phase. Interestingly, the presence of PCM only reduced the lag phase length of the azo dye decolorization but did not significantly enhance the reaction rate in the fast degradation phase. An analysis of the azo dye reduction and polysulfide formation indicated that PCM facilitated the transformation of sulfide into polysulfides, including disulfide and trisulfide, resulting in fast azo dye reduction. Moreover, the oxygen functional groups of the PCM, especially the quinones, may play an important role in the transformation of sulfide into polysulfides by accelerating the electron transfer. The results of this study provide a better understanding of the PCM-mediated abiotic transformation of organic pollutants by sulfide in anaerobic aqueous environments.

The insights into both short-term and long-term effects of Ni nanoparticles (Ni-NPs) on anaerobic digestion (AD) with anaerobic flocculent sludge (AFS) were explored in this study. Results showed that the presence of Ni-NPs induced an irreversible and dosage-dependent inhibition on the methanogenic activity of the AFS. Three steps of anaerobic digestion, including glucose acidification, acetification and methanation, were all suppressed in the presence of Ni-NPs at high dosages after short-term observation, while the acetoclastic methanation process was the most influenced. Extended exposure to a low level of Ni-NPs (1 mg per g-TSS, total suspended solids) stimulated their toxicity to acetoclastic methanogenic activity, and that to high dosages of Ni-NPs would enhance their ability to inhibit all the steps involved in the AD process. When the dosages of Ni-NPs were 50 and 200 mg per g-TSS, the estimated CH4volume was respectively reduced by 11.8% to 91.1% and 18.6% to 96.3% of the control, and the estimated kinetic rate constant for CH4generation decreased from 0.45 to 0.12 d−1and 0.40 to 0.09 d−1, respectively, over long-term experiments. As the dosage of Ni-NPs was increased to 600 mg per g-TSS, almost no methane was generated from the second cycle. Depression of cell viability caused by released Ni2+through attacking biological molecules of the cell was speculated to be an important toxic mechanism. Microbial analysis results indicated that long-term exposure to Ni-NPs decreased the abundance of microbial communities of the AFS and the relative abundance of predominant archaeal genera mediating acetoclastic methanogenesis.

In recent years, efforts have been made to explore the possible impacts of nanoparticles (NPs) on the methanogenic activity of anaerobic granular sludge (AGS). However, the conclusions regarding the toxicity of NPs on the AGS were still not comprehensive enough especially for long-term exposure. The aim of the present study was to fully evaluate the long-term effects of representative Ni-NPs at various concentrations on the activity of the AGS from macroscopic and microcosmic experiments as well as simulation with a new model based on anaerobic digestion model 1 (ADM1). Both experimental and modelling results revealed that a high Ni-NP dosage induced progressive and unrecoverable inhibition of the activity of the AGS, which was first displayed by the slowing of glucose degradation in the first two cycles, followed by retardation of the acetification of propionic and butyric acids, and further the restraint of acetoclastic methanogenesis. Ni-NPs adsorbed on the surface of the AGS acted as a sustainable source of Ni2+for release. Cytotoxicity assays, activity tests of key enzymes, and the stress response of extracellular polymeric substances suggested that the progressive toxicity of Ni-NPs to the AGS was mainly attributed to the sustained release of Ni2+. High-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing assays and the observation of dead cells in the granule by fluorescence labeling and the CLSM technique showed that long-term exposure to Ni-NPs caused stronger inhibition of bacterial cells in the outer layer than of the aceticlastic methanogens located in the center of the AGS.

Pneumatic-hydraulic transmission has been developed for years. However, its dynamic properties are not good enough for application. In this paper, in order to increase the output characteristics, a late-model air-powered vehicle using expansion energy is proposed which can boost energy through a pneumatic-hydraulic transmission. The dynamic characteristics of the air-powered vehicle is modeled and verified by conducting experiment. In addition, the influence of the key parameters of the air-powered vehicle is researched for the optimization of the system performance. Through the results, the author got the conclusion that, firstly, comparison of the results of model and experiment proves the built model to be effective; secondly, input air pressure should be set according to the request of the practical loads, and range of 0.65 to 0.75 MPa can be chosen; thirdly, as a key structure parameter of the air-powered vehicle, ratio of the areas is considered to be set to approximate 8; what’s more, a bigger orifice with a limit will promote the system dynamic characteristic property, and the limit is about 3.5 mm; last but not the least, not too farther position of the rings will increase the quality of output dynamic characteristics. This paper can be a reference for system design of air-powered vehicle and dynamic improvement.

This study aims to evaluate the clinical outcomes of endoscopic vein harvesting (EVH) for coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in obese patients. Totally, 153 obese patients who underwent EVH (n=81) or standard bridging technique (SBT, n=12) in CABG surgery from May 2012 to October 2014 in our hospital were enrolled in this retrospective non-randomized controlled study. The general situation of operation, postoperative complications and short medium-term outcomes were analyzed. The baseline characteristics were similar between these two groups (P>0.05). There were no statistical differences in total operation time (226±28 min vs. 224±30 min, P>0.05), number of damaged vessels (0.12±0.05 vs. 0.16±0.06,P>0.05) and short medium-term outcomes including revascularization rate (1.25% vs. 2.78%, i 0.05), vessel dysfunction rate (11.25% vs. 11.11%,P>0.05) and mortality (0.00% v . 0.00%, P>0.05). Use of EVH was associated with significant reduction of total harvesting time (41 ±6 min vs. 63± 11 min, P<0.05), incision length (4.4±1.1 cm 18.2±4.5 cm, P<0.05) and postoperative lower extremity complications (P<0.05). EVH can reduce the risk of wound complications, whereas does not influence short- and medium-term outcomes in obese patients. It can be considered a reliable procedure of harvesting vessel conduits for obese patients undergoing CABG.

Progressive collapse is defined as the collapse of the whole building due to local weak stories or weak zones. In this paper, collapse should theoretically be avoided for any building under any earthquake, it is necessary to study the collapse behavior of buildings to acquire a better understanding of the collapse mechanism and to find efficient methods to prevent it. The collapse process highly depends on the feature of the whole structural system, so numerical simulation becomes a major method to study it. Based on the finite element method, by selecting the appropriate cell death and cell contact algorithm criterion can better simulate the structure collapsed in an earthquake under the continuity of the whole process of destruction, to help understand the causes and mechanism of structural damage. The real buildings are analyzed to study the failure mechanism of the structure. The models proposed are reasonable to study the seismic collapse mechanism of high-rise buildings.

The effects of large-span truss geometry of the double-plane stable orthogonal design. The use of finite element analysis software Midas double space truss were linear buckling analysis and nonlinear buckling analysis, research process and through its buckling load - examine issues outside of the structure of the plane stable displacement curve. For double truss draw some outside reference plane stability study conclusions.

In a frequency selective fading environment amplify and forward relay system, the channel estimation algorithm and least squares (LS) estimation of mean square error is relatively high. And when using the compressed sensing (CS) which was proposed recently in orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm (OMP) for the single relay channel and multi relay system estimation, in order to reduce the mean square error of the system. In multi-relay cooperative communication system, allocated the power to the relay node, then respectively using the LS and OMP for channel estimation. The results show that, the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm can greatly reduce the system mean square error, and the same channel estimation algorithm was used for the relay power allocation is also effectively reduce the estimation error, to further improve the accuracy of channel estimation.

For reducing heald frames vibration and noise in the process of weaving, composite of Carbon-Fibre was applied to it, and three methods of lay up for laminate was designed in the paper. Finite element model of the heald frame was set up, and element shell 181 was used to simulate different layers of the composite material, then some important natural frequencies and vibration modes were calculated, and the results of that was compared with another heald frame made of aluminium alloy. The analysis result indicated that, the second method for laying had an optimum dynamic characteristics, based on that, fundamental frequency of the heald frame was increased by 19.48Hz, and self-weight of it was lightened about 26.82%. In results, lightweight design of the heald frame was come true, at the same time, vibration resistance of it was also strengthened effectively.

In order to optimize the CNC milling machine structure, the system modeling, simulation, and virtual prototyping technology are used in this paper. It has built 3D virtual prototype model and finite element model of the upright post on Pro/E, ADAMS and ANSYS platforms respectively. The modal analysis of different rib column has been done. The top twenty frequencies and mode of those upright posts are calculated by ANSYS software. Through the modal analysis and compared with different column structure, the optimization column geometry is determined, and the main spindle speed should not be greater than 9000 r/min. These will provide important references for the general design and manufacture of the CNC milling machine.

The stator core is an important part of large turbo-generator .The its natural frequency must be to avoid the operating frequency and the double frequency. In this paper, stator core structure of 1000MW generator is considered as the research object. In the Pro / E software, its virtual manufacturing model is built for design and manufacture of stator core; In ANSYS software, a parametric finite element model is established for virtual experimental modal analysis; The virtual prototype model in the different constraints (free, and different constraints) and different core parameters (such as the core inner and outer diameter, length) is used to analyze and solve its natural frequencies and mode shape changes. For design, manufacturing and on-line monitoring and fault diagnosis of a variety of large-capacity turbine generator, the research approach and results provide an important basis.

Techniques for vibration reduction and design of stator core require knowledge of its modal frequencies, which depend on the geometry shapes, dimensions and material properties. The material properties of stator core are mainly related to its laminated process and assembly as well as the operating temperature of turbo-generator. It is found that the generally accepted value of material properties is not valid for the stator core with laminated silicon steel slice and operating at about 110-120 Celsius. This paper simply summarizes the method of determining elastic properties of stator core material, considers these as uncertainty variables obeying Gaussain distribution and changing in the possible range, and then applies to Six Sigma Analysis method for the calculation of the modal frequencies of stator core.

As a very important material, the use of hydrogen is increasingrapidly. Because the main advantage of hydrogen is that it is a clean and renewable energy source/carrier with high specific heat of combustion and no contribution to the Greenhouse effect, and can be used in many industrial applications. Many countries are developing to reduce operational cost of bio-producing hydrogen technology. So the key to realize industrialization is to improve biohydrogen-producing capacity and reduce the cost. This article discusses fermentative hydrogen production from various points of view. First, the theoretical principles of the biological processes taking place in hydrogen production, and the organisms responsible for this process are described at the same time. Second, Laboratory Experiments of fermentative hydrogen production are introduced. Types of fermentative and applicable reactor designs are discussed. Finally, the challenges faced by fermentative hydrogen production are discussed.

Anaerobic process of biohydrogen production was developed recently. The representative strain of hydrogen production bacteria, namely fermentative hydrogen producing bacterial strain B49，was isolated from the activated sludge which was cultured artificially by our lab. In this study, there were some different C/N ratios employed. Experiment results indicated that the concentration of carbon and nitrogen had a great effect upon hydrogen production of B49, when C/N=2.5, glucose got the highest degraded efficiency, and at a C/N ratio of 3.3, the bio-gas and hydrogen production peaked with 159mL and 37.5mL, respectively, which considered that the optimum C/N ratio on the growth and hydrogen production was 3:1. Furthermore, the mainly terminal liquid products of B49 were ethanol and acetic acid. With the increase of the total organic nitrogen, final pH value decreased gradually.

To develop the identification of species for fermentative biohydrogen-producing bacterium, scholars have found a method which is based on PCR amplification of the 16S rRNA gene (rDNA)-23S rDNA intergenic regions. In the study, a large fragment of the rDNA operon, including the 16S rDNA, the intergenic spacer region (ISR) and approximately 2000 bases of the 23S rDNA, were polymerasechain reaction (PCR) amplified. The PCR amplification of the genomic DNA of Leptonema ilk strain 3055 using primers directed against conserved regions of the rRNA operon provided evidence that the 16S and 23S rRNA genes were linked via an intergenic spacer region. The sequencing of the intergenic spacer region indicated that it was 435 nucleotides in length and sequence similarity searches revealed that it bore no homology to any known sequences including tRNA available in databases.

Effects of different subsets on convergence patterns of hyperspherical harmonic (HH) expansions for the low-lying ¹S and ³S states of the helium atom have been investigated with the correlation-function-hyperspherical-harmonic-generalized-Laguerre-function (CFHHGLF) method by successively introducing HH subsets with the fixed three-dimensional angular momentums (l) into the atomic wave functions. The eigenenergies given by the HH subsets of l=0, 1, 2, and 3 are in good agreement with the best s-, sp-, spd-, and spdf limits of variational configuration interaction (CI) calculations, respectively. The final eigenenergies of the ground state as well as the examined low-lying excited ¹S and ³S states are quite close to the exact Hylleraas CI (HCI) values at the sixth decimal place. Moreover, l=0 and l≠0 expansion results also tell us that it is not necessary to take into account too many HHs at the given l, especially for higher l, and that the more the absolute electron correlation energies the bigger l it takes to obtain precise eigenenergies. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Quant Chem 64: 661–668, 1997

•We review the impact of personality on pro-environmental behaviour.•We combine Big Five personality traits with TPB to predict energy-saving intentions.•Agreeableness and Openness positively correlate with all three factors in TPB.•Conscientious people have stronger perceived control towards energy saving behaviour.•Neuroticism negatively correlates with attitudes towards energy conservation.

Premature ovarian failure (POF) is a devastating condition for women of childbearing age with serious health consequences, including distress, infertility, osteoporosis, autoimmune disorders, ischemic heart disease, and increased mortality. In addition to the mainstay estrogen therapy, stem cell therapy has been tested as the result of rapid progress in cell biology and reprogramming research. We hereby provide a review for the latest research and issues related with stem cell-based therapy for POF, and provide a commentary on various methods for enhancing its effect. Large amount of animal studies have demonstrated an extensive benefit of stem cells for failed ovarian recovering. As shown by such studies, stem cell therapy can result in recovery of hormonal levels, follicular activation, ovarian angiogenesis, and functional restoration. Meanwhile, a study of molecular pathways revealed that the function of stem cells mainly depends on their paracrine actions, which can produce multiple factors for the promotion of ovarian angiogenesis and regulation of cellular functions. Nevertheless, studies using disease models also revealed certain drawbacks. Clinical trials have shown that menstrual cycle and even pregnancy may occur in POF patients following transplantation of stem cells, although the limitations, including inadequate number of cases and space for the improvement of transplantation methodology. Only with its safety and effect get substantial improvement through laboratory experiments and clinical trials, can stem cell therapy really bring benefits to more patients. Additionally, effective pretreatment and appropriate transplantation methods for stem cells are also required. Taken together, stem cell therapy has shown a great potential for the reversal of POF and is stepping from bench to bedside.Impact statementPremature ovarian failure (POF) is a devastating condition with serious clinical consequences. The purpose of this review was to summarize the current status of stem cell therapy for POF. Considering the diversity of cell types and functions, a rigorous review is required for the guidance for further research into this field. Meanwhile, the challenges and prospect for clinical application of stem cell treatment, methodological improvements, and innovations are addressed.