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Cronobacter sakazakiiis a notorious foodborne opportunistic pathogen, particularly affecting vulnerable populations such as premature infants, and poses significant public health challenges. This study aimed to elucidate the role of the envZ/ompRgenes in environmental tolerance, pathogenicity, and protein regulation of C. sakazakii. An envZ/ompRknockout mutant was constructed and assessed for its impact on bacterial growth, virulence, environmental tolerance, and protein regulation. Results demonstrate that deletion of envZ/ompRgenes leads to reduced growth rate and attenuated virulence in animal models. Additionally, the knockout strain exhibited compromised environmental tolerance, particularly in desiccation and oxidative stress conditions, along with impaired adhesion and invasion abilities in epithelial cells. Proteomic analysis revealed significant alterations in protein expression and phosphorylation patterns, highlighting potential compensatory mechanisms triggered by gene deletion. Furthermore, investigation into protein deamidation and glucose metabolism uncovered a link between envZ/ompRdeletion and energy metabolism dysregulation. Interestingly, the downregulation of MalK and GrxC proteins was identified as contributing factors to altered desiccation tolerance and disrupted redox homeostasis, respectively, providing mechanistic insights into the phenotypic changes observed. Overall, this study enhances understanding of the multifaceted roles of envZ/ompRin C. sakazakiiphysiology and pathogenesis, shedding light on potential targets for therapeutic intervention and food safety strategies.

In this study, maleic anhydride-modified lignin (LG-M), a ROS-cleavable thioketal (TK) bond, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were used to synthesize a lignin-based copolymer (LG-M(TK)-PEG). Doxorubicin (DOX) was attached to the ROS-cleavable bond in the LG-M(TK)-PEG for the preparation of the ROS-activatable DOX prodrug (LG-M(TK-DOX)-PEG). Nanoparticles (NPs) with a size of 125.7 ± 3.1 nm were prepared by using LG-M(TK-DOX)-PEG, and they exhibited enhanced uptake by cancer cells compared to free DOX. Notably, the presence of lignin in the nanoparticles could boost ROS production in breast cancer 4T1 cells while showing little effect on L929 normal cells. This selective effect facilitated the specific activation of the DOX prodrug in the tumor microenvironment, resulting in the superior tumor inhibitory effects and enhanced biosafety relative to free DOX. This work demonstrates the potential of the LG-M(TK-DOX)-PEG NPs as an efficient drug delivery system for cancer treatment.

Chiral 3D perovskites pose challenges compared to lower-dimensional variants due to limited chiral organic cation options. Here, we present a universal and controlled method for synthesizing chiral 3D lead halide perovskites using organic amines or alcohols as chiral templates. Introducing these templates to PbCl2in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) under acidic conditions induces the crystallization of R/S [DMA]PbCl3(DMA = dimethylamine). The resulting structure aligns with the templates used, stemming from the helical Pb2Cl95–chain as verified by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Furthermore, the chiral perovskite exhibits absorption and circular dichroism (CD) signals in the high-energy band, enabling the circularly polarized light (CPL) detection in the UV spectrum. A CPL detector constructed by this chiral perovskite demonstrates excellent performance, boasting an anisotropy factor for photocurrent (gIph) of 0.296. Our work not only introduces a novel and controllable method for crafting chiral perovskites but also opens new avenues for circularly polarized light detection.

Continuous control set predictive speed control (CCS-PSC) predicts and optimizes the speed trajectory of a drive system. The prediction horizon is commonly short to avoid a high computational burden. However, stability issues may arise with the short prediction horizon. In this article, we propose an efficient strategy that enables CCS-PSC with a long prediction horizon, where Laguerre functions are adopted. Differ from existing methods, the equivalent speed tracking error is a controlled variable, which consists of the speed tracking error and its derivative. In this manner, speed overshoot can be eliminated. The dynamics of the equivalent speed tracking error and the direct-axis current are naturally decoupled, where the linearization of the surface-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor (SPMSM) model is not required. The performance of the proposed strategy is evaluated comprehensively. The simulation and experimental results show that the proposed strategy improves the system stability and the steady-state performance, while maintaining high dynamic performance.

Integration of optical fiber with functionalized nanofilms offers great potential for the realization of highly sensitive sensor. In this article, a highly sensitive ethanol liquid sensor based on no-core fiber (NCF) coated with porous metal-organic framework nanofilms is proposed, which consists of two segments of NCF and one segment of single mode fiber (SMF), named as NSN structure. The combination of the multimode interferences (MMIs) effect in NCF and the preconcentration effect in the porous zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) enables the detection of low-concentration ethanol aqueous solution. The NSN sensing structure comprises two cascaded MMIs and compact ZIF-8 nanofilms are uniformly formed on the surface of NCFs by using in situ crystallization technology. Due to the coreless structure of NCF, the fraction of power in the evanescent wave is enhanced, which makes the MMI effect in NCFs highly sensitive to the surrounding refractive index. Furthermore, the ethanol molecules can be adsorbed and concentrated in ZIF-8 nanofilms. This leads to an amplification of the refractive index variation, which is caused by the presence of ethanol molecules. The experimental results show the proposed sensor has a high sensitivity of 1.522 nm% $^{\mathbf {-{1}}}$ , and the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.90% (ethanol/aqueous solution and volume fraction).

Reducing carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions urgently requires the large-scale deployment of carbon-capture technologies. These technologies must separate CO2from various sources and deliver it to different sinks1,2. The quest for optimal solutions for specific source–sink pairs is a complex, multi-objective challenge involving multiple stakeholders and depends on social, economic and regional contexts. Currently, research follows a sequential approach: chemists focus on materials design3and engineers on optimizing processes4,5, which are then operated at a scale that impacts the economy and the environment. Assessing these impacts, such as the greenhouse gas emissions over the plant’s lifetime, is typically one of the final steps6. Here we introduce the PrISMa (Process-Informed design of tailor-made Sorbent Materials) platform, which integrates materials, process design, techno-economics and life-cycle assessment. We compare more than 60 case studies capturing CO2from various sources in 5 global regions using different technologies. The platform simultaneously informs various stakeholders about the cost-effectiveness of technologies, process configurations and locations, reveals the molecular characteristics of the top-performing sorbents, and provides insights on environmental impacts, co-benefits and trade-offs. By uniting stakeholders at an early research stage, PrISMa accelerates carbon-capture technology development during this critical period as we aim for a net-zero world.

Developing highly sensitive optical thermometers is of great significance due to their capability to enable remote and non-contact temperature measurements, rendering them highly applicable in diverse and harsh environments. Herein we report a temperature-dependent phosphor of 0D metal halide hybrid by incorporating Bi3+into the (MePPh3)2ZnCl4matrix. Through Bi3+doping, the initially non-luminescent (MePPh3)2ZnCl4matrix exhibits a deep-blue emission centered at 453 nm, with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 5.71% and a Stokes shift of 75 nm at room temperature. Experimental characterization demonstrates that exciton-like luminescence of Bi3+is mainly responsible for the blue emission. Single crystals of Bi3+-doped (MePPh3)2ZnCl4show an unusual correlation between photoluminescence (PL) lifetime and temperature. Particularly, the dependence of luminescence lifetime on temperature is most remarkable in the temperature range of 80 to 100 K with an exceptional sensitivity up to 0.09 K−1, representing one of the best levels for thermometry based on PL decay lifetime. Our work not only provides a viable strategy for designing a novel, environmentally friendly, and stable blue emitter, but also paves the way for precise thermometric application at low temperature.

As humans focus control only on task–space variables to achieve dexterous manipulation, robots could strongly profit from advanced task-space control, which is still blocked by kinematic and dynamic uncertainties now. This article proposes an adaptive composite observer (ACO) with finite-time sliding-mode manifold to compensate uncertain kinematics and dynamics synthetically, then develops a novel nonsingular terminal sliding mode controller based on an adaptive neural network (NN) to stabilize the task–space tracking errors directly with prescribed performance. The global finite-time stability of the entire observer–controller system is achieved by Lyapunov method, and the observer and controller errors will converge to zeros in finite time with preassigned transient and steady-state performance. Simulation and experimental studies are also presented to verify the effectiveness of the designed control methods.

Appropriate mixed carbon sources have great potential to enhance denitrification efficiency and reduce operational costs in municipal wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, traditional methods struggle to efficiently select the optimal mixture due to the variety of compositions. Herein, we developed a machine learning-assisted high-throughput method enabling WWTPs to rapidly identify and optimize mixed carbon sources. Taking a local WWTP as an example, a mixed carbon source denitrification data set was established via a high-throughput method and employed to train a machine learning model. The composition of carbon sources and the types of inoculated sludge served as input variables. The XGBoost algorithm was employed to predict the total nitrogen removal rate and microbial growth, thereby aiding in the assessment of the denitrification potential. The predicted carbon sources exhibited an enhanced denitrification potential over single carbon sources in both kinetic experiments and long-term reactor operations. Model feature analysis shows that the cumulative effect and interaction among individual carbon sources in a mixture significantly enhance the overall denitrification potential. Metagenomic analysis reveals that the mixed carbon sources increased the diversity and complexity of denitrifying bacterial ecological networks in WWTPs. This work offers an efficient method for WWTPs to optimize mixed carbon source compositions and provides new insights into the mechanism behind enhanced denitrification under a supply of multiple carbon sources.

In recent years, halide perovskites have attracted considerable attention for photocatalytic CO2reduction. However, the presence of surface defects and the lack of specific catalytic sites for CO2reduction lead to low photocatalytic performance. In this study, we demonstrate a facile method that post-treats CsPbBr3with ZnBr2for photocatalytic CO2reduction. Our experimental and characterization results show that ZnBr2has a dual role: the Br–ions in ZnBr2passivate Br vacancies (VBr) on the CsPbBr3surface, while Zn2+cations act as catalytic sites for CO2reduction. The ZnBr2–CsPbBr3achieves a photocatalytic CO evolution rate of 57 μmol g–1h–1, which is nearly three times higher than that of the pristine CsPbBr3. The enhanced performance over ZnBr2–CsPbBr3is mainly due to the decreased VBrand lower reaction energy barrier for CO2reduction. This work presents an effective method to simultaneously passivate surface defects and introduce catalytic sites, providing useful guidance for the regulation of perovskite photoelectric properties and the design of efficient photocatalysts.

The infiltration casting method is widely employed for the preparation of ex-situ composite materials. However, the production of composite materials using this method must necessitates a comprehensive understanding of the wettability and interface characteristics between the reinforcing phase and the bulk metallic glasses (BMGs). This work optimized the composition of Zr-based BMGs through microalloying methods, resulting in a new set of Zr-based BMGs with excellent glass-forming ability. Wetting experiments between the Zr-based BMGs melts and W substrates were conducted using the traditional sessile drop method, and the interfaces were characterized utilizing a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The work demonstrates that the microalloying method substantially enhances the wettability of the Zr-based BMGs melt. Additionally, the incorporation of Nb element impedes the formation of W-Zr phases, but the introduction of Nb element does not alter the extent of interdiffusion between the constituent elements of the amorphous matrix and W element, indicating that the influence of Nb element on the diffusion of individual elements is minute.

Casting speed, casting temperature and secondary cooling water flow rate are the main process parameters affecting the DC casting process. These parameters significantly influence the flow and temperature fields during casting, which are crucial for the quality of the ingot and can determine the success or failure of the casting operation. Numerical simulation, with the advantages of low cost, rapid execution, and visualized results, is an important method to study and optimize the DC casting process. In the present work, a simulation model of DC casting 2024 aluminum alloy was established, and the reliability of the model was verified. Then, the influence of casting parameters on flow field and temperature field was studied in detail by numerical simulation method. Results show that with the increase of casting speed, the melt flow becomes faster, the depths of slurry zone and mushy zone increase, and the variation of slurry zone depth is greater than that of mushy zone. With an increase in casting temperature, the melt flow rate increases, the depth of the slurry zone becomes shallower, and the depth of the mushy zone experiences only minor changes. The simulation results further indicate that the increase of the flow rate of the secondary cooling water slightly reduces the depths of both slurry and mushy zone.

Bi-based metal-organic frameworks (Bi-MOFs) as efficient catalysts for the CO2electroreduction reaction (CRR) have been extensively investigated. It has been established that Bi-MOFs usually undergo in-situtransformation during the CRR, ultimately converting into Bi nanostructures. However, the effect of the MOF precursors on the structure of the derived Bi catalysts and consequently on their electrocatalytic properties has not been clearly elucidated. In this work, we prepared four variants of a novel Bi-MOF with different morphologies and dimensions, and explored the effects of the precursors on the resulting Bi catalysts and their CRR performance. A precursor-dependent in-situtransformation and its profound impact on tuning the CO2-formate FE towards ∼100% have been revealed. Among the four examined variants, Bi-MOF with nanocube-like morphology (BiMOF-NC) is transformed into thin and flat Bi nanosheets capable of successfully enveloping the fibers of carbon paper (working electrode), while the other three variants with increased size and dodecahedral/octahedral geometry have been transformed into Bi nanoflowers, exposing a fair portion of the carbon fibers in the working electrode. Furthermore, the transformation rate was found to be dependent on the precursors and BiMOF-NC exhibited the highest rate of reconstruction compared with other samples. Consequently, the Bi catalyst derived from BiMOF-NC delivered a selectivity for the formate product of nearly 100% at −1.2 V (vs.reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE)) and of over 95% in a wide potential range due to efficient suppression of the competing hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) over carbon fibers. The in-situtransformed BiMOF-NC also demonstrated equivalently high formate selectivity at large current densities (≽100 mA cm−2) in flow cell reactors as that in H-type reactors, underscoring its potential for industrial applications. This work highlights the necessity of finely tuning the structural features of MOF precursors to achieve optimized electrocatalytic performance.

Porous β-Ti composites hold large promise for lightweight components due to their exceptional strength-ductility synergy. However, their microstructural behavior under both impact and compressive conditions have received limited attention. This study investigates the compressive and impact behavior of porous β-type Ti–25Nb (at.%) composites fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). The composites feature a rhombic dodecahedron (RD) lattice structure and incorporate a central solid cylinder with varying diameters. Microstructural characterizations and finite element simulations were employed to analyze mechanical properties and stress distribution. Incorporation of 3 mm radius cylinders (TIII∼45% porosity) significantly enhances compressive yield stress (88 ± 10 MPa), impact yield stress (153 ± 10 MPa), and impact energy absorption (41.2 J/cm³) while maintaining material plasticity. Compressive and impact loading initiate a martensitic transformation from β to α″ phase, strengthening the alloy through refined α″ formation with a finer grain size than β phase. Notably, a β→ α″ transformation and grain refinement occur in the node region that connects the solid cylinder and lattices, which undergoes significant deformation during impact. This observation suggests the impact resistance of porous β-Ti composites can be enhanced through tailored microstructures and strategic structural design.

Food allergy is a significant public health concern globally. Certain probiotics have been found to enhance food allergy by regulating immune-microbe interactions in animal models and patients. However, the effects of Bifidobacterium lactisProbio-M8 (Probio-M8) on food allergy have not been thoroughly investigated. The present study examined the anti-allergic properties of Probio-M8, particularly in relation to immune response and gut microbiota composition. Results demonstrate that oral administration of Probio-M8 effectively mitigated the allergy symptoms triggered by ovalbumin (OVA) by ameliorating the morphological damage in the jejunum, reducing OVA-specific IgE and histamine levels in the serum, and suppressing Th2 cytokines (interleukin (IL) 4 and IL-13) while increasing Th1 cytokines (interferon (IFN) γ) and regulatory T (Treg) cytokines (IL-10 and transforming growth factor (TGF) β1) in the culture supernatants of splenic cells. Furthermore, Probio-M8 effectively altered the diversity and composition of gut microbiota, particularly the relative abundances of Akkermansia_muciniphilain OVA-induced mice. Compared to the OVA group, the Probio-M8 group showed a decrease in the relative abundance of Akkermansia_muciniphila. In conclusion, Probio-M8 demonstrates the potential to alleviate food allergy by regulating the Th1/Th2 response and modulating gut microbiota, thereby offering a novel therapeutic strategy for patients with food allergy.

This study developed a class of novel structural antifungal hydrazylnaphthalimidols (HNs) with multitargeting broad-spectrum potential viamulticomponent hybridization to confront increasingly severe fungal invasion. Some prepared HNs exhibited considerable antifungal potency; especially nitrofuryl HN 4a(MIC = 0.001 mM) exhibited a potent antifungal activity against Candida albicans, which is 13-fold higher than that of fluconazole. Furthermore, nitrofuryl HN 4adisplayed low cytotoxicity, hemolysis and resistance, as well as a rapid fungicidal efficacy. Preliminary mechanistic investigations revealed that nitrofuryl HN 4acould inhibit lactate dehydrogenase to decrease metabolic activity and promote the accumulation of reactive oxygen species, leading to oxidative stress. Moreover, nitrofuryl HN 4adid not exhibit membrane-targeting ability; it could embed into DNA to block DNA replication but could not cleave DNA. These findings implied that HNs are promising as novel structural scaffolds of potential multitargeting broad-spectrum antifungal candidates for treating fungal infection.

The effect of oxalic acid (OA) etching on the formation mechanism and corrosion performance of in-situ steam Mg−Al layered double hydroxide (LDH) coatings on AM50 Mg alloy was investigated by exposing the intermetallic compounds (β-Mg17Al12and AlMn) on the surface of the alloy. The results demonstrated that the presence of OA led to an increased fraction of intermetallic compounds on the Mg substrate. Mg−Al LDH nucleated and grew around the Al−Mn phase. The best corrosion resistance of LDH coating was obtained with the maximum thickness at a pickling time of 45 s, and the corrosion current density was reduced by three orders of magnitude compared to the substrate. Finally, the formation mechanism of Mg−Al LDH coating on AM50 Mg alloy was proposed.

It is important to strengthen the research on urban rail transit (URT) existing line renovation strategies. In this paper, we investigate the optimization of bottlenecks that are less attractive but have strong travel demand in existing URT networks. A URT local line optimization model is constructed. The maximum passenger flow and minimum project cost are chosen as the optimization objective for the benefit of both passengers and operators, and several actual constraints are considered in the proposed model, such as the station interval. In order to obtain higher computational efficiency and accuracy, a passenger flow allocation method is embedded in a genetic algorithm with elitist preservation. Taking the local network of the Beijing URT as a case study, the calculation results show that the designed algorithm can quickly and effectively obtain the optimal solution, and the generated local line scheme is able not only to meet the regional travel demand, but also to optimize the connection relationship of the existing URT network. This study can provide a reference method for increasing the attraction of URT and optimization of existing URT networks.

Graphical abstract:

The asymmetric Zn-N4atomic sites embedded hollow fiber as a highly efficient host for stable ZMA towards practical applications in diverse working conditions.

Nitrofurans are important synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs with the basic structure of 5-nitrofuran. Due to their toxicity, it is essential to develop a sensitive sensor with strong anti-interference capabilities for their detection. In this work, two {P4Mo6O31}12–-based compounds, [H4(HPTTP)]2{CuI[Mo12O24(OH)6(PO4)3(HPO4)(H2PO4)4]}·xH2O (x= 13 for (1), 7 for (2); HPTTP = 4,4′,4″,4‴-(1H-pyrrole-2,3,4,5-tetrayl)tetrapyridine), exhibiting similar coordination but distinct stacking modes. Both compounds were synthesized and used for the electrochemical detection of nitrofuran antibiotics. The tetrapyridine-based ligand was generated in situ during assembly, and its potential mechanism was discussed. Composite electrode materials, formed by mixing graphite powder with compounds 1–2and physically grinding them, proved to be highly effective in the electrochemical trace detection of furazolidone (FZD) and furaltadone hydrochloride (FTD·HCl) under optimal conditions. Besides, the possible electrochemical detection mechanisms of two nitro-antibiotics were studied.

A mononuclear four-coordinate Co(II) complex with a [CoIIO4] core, namely, PPN[Li(MeOH)4][Co(L)2] (1) (PPN = bis(phosphoranediyl)iminium; H2L = perfluoropinacol), has been studied by X-ray crystallography, magnetic characterization, and theoretical calculations. This complex presents a severely distorted coordination geometry. The O–Co–O bite angle is 83.42°/83.65°, and the dihedral twist angle between the O–Co–O chelate planes is 55.6°. The structural distortion results in a large easy-axis magnetic anisotropy with D= −104(1) cm–1and a transverse component with |E| = +4(2) cm–1. Alternating current (ac) susceptibility measurements demonstrate that 1exhibits slow relaxation of magnetization at zero static field. However, the frequency-dependent out-of-phase (χ”M) susceptibilities of 1at 0 Oe do not show a characteristic maximum. Upon the application of a dc field or the dilution with a diamagnetic Zn matrix, the quantum tunneling of magnetization (QTM) process can be successfully suppressed. Notably, after dilution with the Zn matrix, the obtained sample exhibits a structure different from that of the pristine complex. In this altered sample, the asymmetric unit does not contain the Li(MeOH)4+cation, resulting in an O–Co–O bite angle of 86.05° and a dihedral twist angle of 75.84°, thereby leading to an approximate D2dsymmetry. Although such differences are not desirable for magnetic studies, this study still gives some insights. Theoretical calculations reveal that the Dparameter is governed by the O–Co–O bite angle, in line with our previous report for other tetrahedral Co(II) complex with a [CoIIN4] core. On the other hand, the rhombic component is found to increase as the dihedral angle deviates from 90°. These findings provide valuable guidelines for fine-tuning the magnetic properties of Co(II) complexes.

An efficient approach was developed for the synthesis of the well-known BlueCage by pre-bridging two 2,4,6-tris(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine (TPT) panels with one linker followed by cage formation in a much improved yield and shortened reaction time. Such a stepwise methodology was further applied to synthesize three new pyridinium organic cages, C2, C3, and C4, where the low-symmetry cages C3and C4with angled panels demonstrated better recognition properties toward 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol (BINOL) than the high-symmetry analogue C2featuring parallel platforms.

To clarify the evolution of lamellar phases in the initial microstructure of the Mg-9Gd-0.8Al alloy during the extrusion process and the effect of lamellar phases on the dynamic recrystallization of the extruded Mg alloy, the solid solution treated Mg-9Gd-0.8Al (SS10) alloy, was extruded at different temperatures (380, 400, and 450 °C). With the extrusion temperature increasing, the average size of dynamically recrystallized (DRXed) grains and the second phases decreases firstly and then increases. However, the volume fraction of DRXed grains shows an opposite trend, while the amount of the second phases consistently decreases. The as-extruded SS10 alloy demonstrates superior mechanical properties when extruded at 400 °C, with a yield strength (YS) of 240 MPa, ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of 298 MPa, and elongation (EL) of 19.3%. The alloy achieves enhanced strength through grain boundary strengthening, dislocation strengthening, and Orowan strengthening. Moreover, the presence of DRXed grains with a weak texture plays a significant role in the improvement of the ductility of the alloy.

3D printed structures suffered weak bead-to-bead interfacial bonding due to the layer-by-layer manufacturing process. The hot isostatic pressing (HIP) method was effective in improving the micro-structures and enhancing the mechanical properties of 3D printed structures, but it was limited due to the high-cost device and process. Inspired by the HIP method, and aimed at improving the compressive properties of 3D printed thin-walled structures, this work proposed a low-cost granular-medium hot quasi-isostatic pressing (GMHQIP) method realized by the homemade equipment. The hot quasi-isostatic ambient pressure could be produced by pressing the granular medium in the high-temperature environment. The thin-walled structures treated by the GMHQIP method showed a more regular progressive deformation mode than non-treated structures. Compared to the non-treated structure, the specific energy absorption of thin-walled structures treated at 200 °C with 2 MPa for 8 h significantly increased by 170.4 % to the value of 4.95 J/g. The results indicated that the strength and toughness of 3D printed materials improved significantly after the GMHQIP treatment. The interfacial bonding of 3D printed structures was enhanced by using the GMHQIP method. This work offered a low-cost and efficient post-processing method for 3D printed structures to improve compressive properties.

ABSTRACTIntroductionInsulin resistance (IR) is a feature of metabolic syndrome and plays an important role in cognitive impairment (CI). The triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is a convenient and cost-effective surrogate for assessing IR. This study aimed to assess the association between the TyG index and CI.MethodsThis community population-based cross-sectional study used a cluster-sampling methodology. All participants underwent the education-based Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), and those with CI were identified using standard thresholds. The fasting blood triglyceride and glucose levels were measured in the morning, and the TyG index was calculated as ln (½ fasting triglyceride level [mg/dL] × fasting blood glucose level [mg/dL]). Multivariable logistic regression and subgroup analysis were used to assess the relationship between the TyG index and CI.ResultsThis study included 1484 subjects, of which 93 (6.27%) met the CI criteria. Multivariable logistic regression showed that CI incidence increased by 64% per unit increase in the TyG index (odds ratio [OR] = 1.64, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–2.63, p = 0.042). CI risk was 2.64-fold higher in the highest TyG index quartile compared to the lowest TyG index quartile (OR = 2.64, 95% CI: 1.19–5.85, p = 0.016). Finally, interaction analysis showed that sex, age, hypertension, and diabetes did not significantly affect the association between the TyG index and CI.ConclusionThe present study suggested that an elevated TyG index was associated with a higher CI risk. Subjects with a higher TyG index should manage and treat at an early stage to alleviate the cognitive decline.

Intermediate and ideal levels of cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics are associated with a markedly reduced risk of developing incident arrhythmias, including atrial fibrillation/flutter, ventricular arrhythmias, and bradyarrhythmia, independent of coronary heart disease.A majority of incident arrhythmias could be prevented if the risk profile of the entire population was optimized.These findings emphasize the significance of public health policies that improve CVH to reduce the social and economic burden of arrhythmias.

A 3D transformable model can be transformed into different shapes through folding operations to suit different needs, such as a table or a chair in daily life. Furthermore, the features of foldable structure and flat components allow it to be folded into a smaller stack for compact storage when not in use. To this end, this study applies a new foldable modular chain structure and proposes a novel method of constructing 3D models into 3D shapes based on this structure and guiding the transformation between shapes. For the construction of the model, that is, to find a module chain path that constructs the model shape, the divide-and-conquer method is adopted. The model is first divided into multiple units, and then the search for the linearly connected module sub-path is executed for each unit. This involves three major steps: unit-based segmentation of the model, search for the unit tree structure that can form the target 3D shape, and search for the modular chain path based on the unit tree. The experimental cases demonstrate the application of the square modular chain in the fields of furniture and toys and prove the effectiveness of the method in constructing and transforming the foldable chain-type modular configurations of the input 3D models.

This study proposes a method of constructing and transforming three-dimensional (3D) models that can convert a 3D model into a chain-type modular configuration and realize the mutual transformation between different configurations with a straight chain as the intermediate state through standard folding steps. A method for detailed representation of voxels is proposed. Based on detailed voxels, an accelerated generation algorithm for the connection forest, which can describe the possible chain configurations, is developed. The foldability verification of the configurations and the generation of the folding operations are realized according to the folding rules. A collision detection algorithm based on encoding and projection is also introduced to detect collisions in the process of folding sequence generation. In this work, an interactive platform is established for users to calculate the input model transformation through simple operations and obtain a simulation animation of the folding operations. The experimental cases prove the effectiveness of the method in constructing and transforming the chain-type modular configurations of the input 3D models.

In this study, an anatomical brushite-coated Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy cage was fabricated for cervical fusion in goats. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cervical fusion effect and degradation characteristics of this cage in goats. The Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy cage was fabricated based on anatomical studies, and brushite coating was prepared. Forty-five goats were divided into three groups, 15 in each group, and subjected to C2/3 anterior cervical decompression and fusion with tricortical bone graft, Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy cage, or brushite-coated Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy cage, respectively. Cervical radiographs and computed tomography (CT) were performed 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively. Blood was collected for biocompatibility analysis and Mg2+concentration tests. The cervical spine specimens were obtained at 3, 6, and 12 months postoperatively for biomechanical, micro-CT, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy, laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma-time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and histological analysis. The liver and kidney tissues were obtained for hematoxylin and eosin staining 12 months after surgery for biosafety analysis. Imaging and histological analysis showed a gradual improvement in interbody fusion over time; the fusion effect of the brushite-coated Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy cage was comparable to that of the tricortical bone graft, and both were superior to that of the Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy cage. Biomechanical testing showed that the brushite-coated Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy cage achieved better stability than the tricortical bone graft at 12 months postoperatively. Micro-CT showed that the brushite coating significantly decreases the corrosion rate of the Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy cage. In vivo degradation analysis showed higher Ca and P deposition in the degradation products of the brushite-coated Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy cage, and no hyperconcentration of Mg was detected. Biocompatibility analysis showed that both cages were safe for cervical fusion surgery in goats. To conclude, the anatomical brushite-coated Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy cage can promote cervical fusion in goats, and the brushite-coated Mg–Nd–Zn–Zr alloy is a potential material for developing absorbable fusion cages.

The accurate quantification of cancer-derived exosomes, which are emerging as promising noninvasive biomarkers for liquid biopsies in the early diagnosis of cancer, is becoming increasingly imperative. In our work, we developed a magnetically controlled photothermal, colorimetric, and fluorescence trimode aptasensor for human gastric cancer cell (SGC-7901)-derived exosomes. This sensor relied on CP/Mn-PBA DSNBs nanocomposites, created by decorating copper peroxide (CP) nanodots on polyethyleneimine-modified manganese-containing Prussian blue analogues double-shelled nanoboxes (PEI-Mn-PBA DSNBs). Through self-assembly, we attached CD63 aptamer-labeled CP/Mn-PBA DSNBs (Apt-CP/Mn-PBA DSNBs) to complementary DNA-labeled magnetic beads (cDNA-MB). During exosome incubation, these aptamers preferentially formed complexes with exosomes, and we efficiently removed the released CP/Mn-PBA DSNBs by using magnetic separation. The CP/Mn-PBA DSNBs exhibited high photoreactivity and photothermal conversion efficiency under near-infrared (NIR) light, leading to temperature variations under 808 nm irradiation, correlating with different exosome concentrations. Additionally, colorimetric detection was achieved by monitoring the color change in a 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) system, facilitated by PEI modification, NIR-enhanced peroxidase-like activity of CP/Mn-PBA DSNBs and their capacity to generate Cu2+and H2O2under acidic conditions. Moreover, in the presence of Cu2+and ascorbic acid (AA), DNA sequences could form dsDNA-templated copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), which emitted strong fluorescence at around 575 nm. Increasing exosome concentrations correlated with decreases in temperature, absorbance, and fluorescence intensity. This trimode biosensor demonstrated satisfactory ability in differentiating gastric cancer patients from healthy individuals using human serum samples.

Akkermansia muciniphilais a potential candidate for ulcerative colitis prevention. Considering that it utilizes 2′-fucosyllactose (2′FL) for growth, 2′FL can be used to enrich the abundance of A. muciniphilain feces. However, whether the crosswalk between 2′FL and A. muciniphilacan promote the intestinal colonization of A. muciniphilaremains unclear. In this study, we explored the effect and the underlying mechanism of 2′FL on the colonization of A. muciniphilain vitro and in vivo as well as its alleviating effect on colitis. Our results revealed that 2′FL can serve as a carbon source of A. muciniphilato support the growth and increase cell-surface hydrophobicity and the expression of the genes coding fibronectin-binding autotransporter adhesin to promote the adhesion to Caco2/HT29 methotrexate (MTX) cells but not of galactooligosaccharides (GOS) and glucose. Moreover, 2′FL could increase the host mucin formation to promote the adhesion of A. muciniphilato Caco2/HT29 MTX cells but not of GOS and glucose. Furthermore, 2′FL could significantly increase the colonization of A. muciniphilain the gut to alleviate colitis in mice. Overall, the interplay between A. muciniphilaand 2′FL is expected to provide an advantageous ecological niche for A. muciniphilaso as to confer further health benefits against colitis.

Clinical probing is commonly recommended to evaluate peri‐implant conditions. In a situation of peri‐implant mucositis or peri‐implantitis, the peri‐implant seal healing from the disruption of soft tissue caused by probing has not yet been studied. This study aimed to investigate soft tissue healing after standardized clinical probing around osseointegrated implants with peri‐implant mucositis in a dog model. Three transmucosal implants in each hemi‐mandible of six dogs randomly assigned to the peri‐implant healthy group or peri‐implant mucositis group were probed randomly in the mesial or distal site as probing groups (PH or PM), the cross‐sectional opposite sites as unprobed control groups. Histomorphometric measurements of implant shoulder (IS)–most coronal level of alveolar bone contact to the implant surface (BCI), apical termination of the junctional epithelium (aJE)–BCI, mucosal margin (MM)–BCI, and MM–aJE were performed at 1 day, 1 week, and 2 weeks after probing. Apoptosis, proliferation, proinflammatory cytokines, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) of peri‐implant soft tissue were estimated by immunofluorescent analysis. In the PM group, apical migration of junctional epithelium was revealed by significantly decreased aJE–BCI from 1 day to 2 weeks in comparison to unprobed sites (p< 0.05), while no significant differences were found in the PH group. Immunofluorescent analysis showed higher levels of interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β), IL‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α), MMP‐1, and MMP‐8, together with exaggerated apoptosis and proliferation of peri‐implant soft tissue in the PM group. Within the limitations, standardized clinical probing might lead to apical migration of the junctional epithelium in a situation of peri‐implant mucositis.

To optimize the anti-interference performance and dynamic response ability of permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) and enhance the overall control performance of the system, the novel nonsingular fast terminal sliding mode controller (NFTSMC) based on disturbance compensation is proposed in this design. To enhance the response speed and stability of the controller, this design introduces the system state variable into the exponential reaching law to make the controller adaptively adjust with the change of the system state, which can reduce the chattering of the system and have a faster response speed. The extended sliding mode disturbance observer is designed to estimate the interference factors in the system, and the controller is feedforward compensated to further improve the anti-interference ability of the PMLSM system. Meanwhile, the control strategy is proved by the Lyapunov stability theory. Simulation and experiments show that the proposed control strategy has better dynamic response ability and anti-interference ability than the traditional NFTSMC.

The oxidative weathering of petrogenic organic carbon (OCpetro) is an important source of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere on geological timescales and significantly influences the carbon cycle and global climate change. However, at present, a robust proxy to assess OCpetrooxidation is lacking. Riverine rhenium (Re) has emerged as a potential proxy to trace OCpetrooxidation, but little is known about Re sources and its relationship with OCpetrooxidation. To better understand the robustness of this proxy, we analyzed a shale weathering profile from the early Cambrian Shuijingtuo Formation in Chengkou County, Chongqing City, to address the mobility of Re and selenium (Se) and their relationship with the oxidation of OCpetroby analyses of the elemental variation and sequential extraction. The results showed that the chemical index of alteration (CIA) increases from the fresh bedrock to the weathered sections, indicating enhanced weathering intensity. Based on the sequential extraction and mass transfer coefficients (τ), Re and Se mainly exist in the organic phase of shale and are paired lost with OCpetroduring weathering, with no obvious correlation with sulfide minerals. Furthermore, the different proportions of Re and Se loss with OCpetroloss can be attributed to their different geochemical behaviors during weathering. Our study supports Re as a robust proxy to trace OCpetrooxidation, whereas Se is the potential one. In the future, combined studies on various sedimentary rock profiles with catchment basins are needed to determine the sources of riverine Re and Se and their relationships with OCpetrooxidation.

The current strategy of co-delivering copper ions and disulfiram (DSF) to generate cytotoxic CuET faces limitations in achieving rapid and substantial CuET production, specifically in tumor lesions. To overcome this challenge, we introduce a novel burst-release cascade reactor composed of phase change materials (PCMs) encapsulating ultrasmall Cu2-xSe nanoparticles (NPs) and DSF (DSF/Cu2-xSe@PCM). Once triggered by second near-infrared (NIR-II) light irradiation, the reactor swiftly releases Cu2-xSe NPs and DSF, enabling catalytic reactions that lead to the rapid and massive production of Cu2-xSe-ET complexes, thereby achieving in situchemotherapy. The mechanism of the burst reaction is due to the unique properties of ultrasmall Cu2-xSe NPs, including their small size, multiple defects, and high surface activity. These characteristics allow DSF to be directly reduced and chelated on the surface defect sites of Cu2-xSe, forming Cu2-xSe-ET complexes without the need for copper ion release. Additionally, Cu2-xSe-ET has demonstrated a similar (to CuET) anti-tumor activity through increased autophagy, but with even greater potency due to its unique two-dimensional-like structure. The light-triggered cascade of interlocking reactions, coupled with in situexplosive generation of tumor-suppressive substances mediated by the size and valence of Cu2-xSe, presents a promising approach for the development of innovative nanoplatforms in the field of precise tumor chemotherapy.

Composite material has been widely used in various industries because of its superior properties. But when used in harsh environment the composite material is susceptible to aging under the influence of UV radiation, water, temperature, humidity and other natural environmental medium. To evaluate the environmental adaptability of composite material, exposed 3238A/CCF300 in marine atmospheric environment for 3 year. The results show that the morphology exhibit brightness enhancement and surface resin decomposition. And the mechanical properties including 90° tensile strength, 0° compressive strength, bending strength, shear strength have all decline, amongst which the 90° tensile strength declines 55.4%, is most sensitive to marine atmospheric environment. Finally analyses the failure mechanism of 3238A/CCF300 due to the combination of heat-humidity aging and photo-degradation process.