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• The atmospheric corrosion mechanism of a novel Ni-advanced weathering steel with varying Mo levels is systematically studied. • The corrosion evolution within a steady-state rust layer in 3Ni-Mo advanced weathering steel are explored. • The stabilized rust layer of 3Ni-Mo advanced weathering steel exhibits a distinct three-layer structure. Ni-advanced weathering steel holds paramount importance in marine atmospheric environments, especially those with heightened Cl− concentrations. The meticulous compositional design plays a crucial role in establishing a rust layer capable of withstanding intrusion by Cl−, making it imperative for the viability of coating-free weathering steel in marine atmospheric environments. This study explores the corrosion evolution and corrosion-resistant mechanisms within a steady-state rust layer in 3Ni weathering steel, with a particular focus on the role of Mo in challenging marine atmospheric conditions. The findings unequivocally demonstrate that the augmentation of the protective properties of the rust layer is directly correlated with an increase in Mo content, transitioning from 0.5 to 1.5 wt.%. This transition is most evident in the reduction of the corrosion rate for the 3Ni-Mo steel, dropping from an initial 1.74 mm a−1 to a robust 1.31 mm a−1 after 768 h of corrosion exposure. The heightened Mo content expedites the formation of a stable and durable rust layer, significantly enriching the proportion of α-FeOOH within this protective layer. The stabilized rust layer of 3Ni-Mo weathering steel exhibits a distinct three-layer structure, comprising an outer layer primarily of γ-FeOOH, an intermediate layer mainly composed of Fe 2 O 3 /Fe 3 O 4 , and an inner layer predominantly composed of α-FeOOH and β-FeOOH. Additionally, an alkaline interface enriched with NiFe 2 O 4 and CuFe 2 O 4 develops between the inner layer and the substrate. Firstly, Mo promotes the deposition of MoO 2 , MoO 3 , and molybdate on both the inner layer and alkaline steel-rust interface to repair corrosion pits and fill cracks. Secondly, Mo facilitates the generation of compounds such as NiFe 2 O 4 and CuFe 2 O 4 , which heightens the electronegativity of the intermediate rust layer and the steel-rust interface, preventing Cl−-induced interface acidification and pitting corrosion. The higher Mo content expedites the formation of this alkaline interface and promotes inner layer densification. Most significantly, Mo creates additional nucleation sites for hydroxide oxides through oxide formation, leading to the formation of nano-sized α-FeOOH and β-FeOOH within the inner layer thereby enhancing the stability and compactness of the inner layer. These synergistic effects fortify the resilience of 3Ni-Mo advanced weathering steel in corrosive environments, ultimately strengthening its capacity to withstand environmental challenges. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the significance of understanding mud acoustics for studying and operating in the ocean. Mud, a common sediment on the seabed, plays a crucial role in sound propagation in marine environments. The article discusses the various methods used to measure and infer the geoacoustic properties of mud, such as sound speed and density, through direct and remote sensing techniques. It also delves into the frequency and depth dependencies of mud acoustics and the challenges and limitations associated with measuring and modeling these properties. The authors emphasize the importance of comprehending mud's geoacoustic properties to gain a better understanding of the Earth's oceans. [Extracted from the article]

The article highlights how architectural firms thrive by maintaining project diversity to navigate market fluctuations, with emphasis on adapting to shifts between residential, educational, and municipal work. Topics include the impact of economic conditions on project types, the ongoing challenges from supply-chain issues, and the importance of professional development and entry-level opportunities in architecture.

Arc–continent collision is a fundamental stage in the plate-tectonic cycle that allows the continental crust to grow and can influence global climate through chemical weathering. Collision between Australia and the oceanic North Coast Range–New Britain Arc began in the Middle Miocene, resulting in uplift of the modern New Guinea Highlands. The temporal evolution of this collision and its erosional and weathering impacts is reconstructed here using sedimentary archives from the Gulf of Papua. Sr and Nd isotopes show dominant erosion from igneous arc-ophiolite crust, accounting for c. 40–70% of the total flux in the Early Miocene, and rising to c. 80–90% at 8 Ma, before falling again to 72–83% by the present day. Greater erosion from Australia-derived units accelerated in the Pliocene, like the classic Taiwan collision but with greater erosion from arc rather than continental units. Chemical alteration of the sediment increased through time, especially since c. 5 Ma, consistent with increasing kaolinite indicative of more tropical weathering. Erosion was focused in the high topography where mafic arc units are preferentially exposed. Comparison of sediment with bedrock compositions implies that the source terrains have been more efficient at removing CO2 from the atmosphere compared with Himalayan drainages. Supplementary material: Details of analytical conditions, analytical results and compositions compiled from the GEOROC database are available at https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.7168147 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Taylors Contracting achieved a significant milestone by extracting over 21,200 tonnes of material from their privately owned Blacks Quarry in just 79 workdays. The quarry had a limited operating window of three months per year, and a team of seven employees commuted daily to complete the work. Due to space constraints at the quarry site, rock had to be extracted and stored off-site until the quarry's closure. The company successfully loaded and transported 3,000 tonnes of material from the South Island to the lower North Island, demonstrating their ability to contribute as a rock exporter. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the challenges and intrigue of learning about weather, particularly in the context of aviation. The author, a research meteorologist and pilot, emphasizes the importance of understanding weather in aviation and provides tips for obtaining reliable weather guidance. The article suggests using specific websites, such as the Aviation Weather Center and Leidos, as well as categorizing weather data into observations, advisories, and forecasts. The author also emphasizes the significance of paying attention to details and considering the big picture when analyzing weather conditions. Overall, the article highlights the complexity of weather and the ongoing learning process associated with it. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the transformation of the Holyoke Mall, highlighting the shift from traditional retail to entertainment-related ventures in response to changing trends in the retail landscape. It mentions that despite the challenges faced by many malls, Holyoke Mall thrives due to factors such as its strategic location, diverse tenant mix, and adaptation to market consolidation, attracting both visitors and new tenants.

This article from Model Railroader discusses the process of painting, decaling, and weathering boxcars for model railroads. The author was inspired by a YouTube video and used Bachmann On30 boxcars as a starting point for their project. They explain the steps they took to remove lettering, prime and paint the boxcars, add details such as uncoupling levers and air hoses, apply decals, add weight, and weather the cars. The author also notes that these techniques can be adapted for other scales and that this type of project is a great way to develop modeling skills. [Extracted from the article]

This article from Model Railroader provides six tips for successfully weathering model railroad equipment. The author emphasizes the importance of developing skills by starting with inexpensive models or practicing on a coffee can. They also suggest learning from real-life prototypes by studying photos, videos, and magazines. The article advises using color, adding texture, creating shadows, and bringing out highlights to achieve a realistic weathered look. The author encourages readers to give weathering a try and offers resources for further information. [Extracted from the article]

This article from Model Railroader provides a simple and effective method for weathering locomotives and rolling stock. The author uses techniques such as drybrushing, airbrushing, and powders to achieve realistic results. The process takes about 30 to 45 minutes per car and can be done using basic materials such as Vallejo Model Air and Model Color paints, Monroe Models Weathering Powder, and Rust-Oleum spray varnish. The article emphasizes that weathering does not need to be complicated and can be an enjoyable part of model railroading. [Extracted from the article]

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My family has been farming here on the prairie since 1959, when my dad bought some land. Barb, Rachael and Charles hurtled into the garage and down the steps to the dark cellar beneath. Barb had already returned, and she and our son Charles decided to get the cars and tractors into garages. Barb had lit a few candles, and she and our daughter Rachael were looking out the glass door. [Extracted from the article]

Nature perfected the carbon cycle a long time ago, and rock weathering plays a key role by helping capture atmospheric carbon dioxide through a chemical reaction that occurs when silicate rocks are exposed to air and water. Crushing up the right kind of rocks and spreading them on land could help humans ratchet up nature's process significantly, capturing some of the excess carbon dioxide we've released into the atmosphere. The promising idea has attracted not only a growing number of scientists, but also environmental entrepreneurs who are turning the research into action, albeit at a pace not everyone is comfortable with. While the scientific and business approaches operate under different rules, there's room for cooperation, data sharing, and innovation as they target the common enemy of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

IN JUNE 2022, Artangel's installation A Thousand Words for Weather opened at London's Senate House Library. Each word was then translated into the other languages, forming a thousand-word "dictionary" of the weather. Created by author Jessica J. Lee and sound artist Claudia Molitor, the piece invites listeners to consider the ways in which our experiences of weather - and climate change - are at once intimate, shared, yet untranslatable. And I think this sensibility is in the words too, because there were some words that were just about weather, and then others that were about big climate events. [Extracted from the article]

The article offers information on the challenges faced by drillers in the past year, exacerbated by increased inflation affecting smaller companies in the sector. Topics include the contrasting impacts of strong gold and iron ore prices on larger versus boutique drilling firms, with major producers like Northern Star Resources and Newmont Corp reducing exploration spending despite favorable commodity prices.

The article offers step-by-step instructions for weathering of Key Publishing's ‘OO' gauge diesel brake tender.

Over the past four billion years, our sun became 30% brighter, yet Earth’s water has neither completely frozen nor boiled off during that time. A theoretical solution to this paradox is a carbon dioxide greenhouse planetary thermostat regulated by evolutionary advances in biologically mediated silicate and apatite weathering. This carbon sequestration history can now be quantified using paleosols. Calculations of precipitation-normalized nutrient depletion rates (µmol mm–1 a–1) in paleosols ranging in age back to 3.7 Ga show discrete order of magnitude increases in carbon consumption by silicate and apatite weathering due to evolutionary advances in life on land at around the Great Oxidation Event (2.45 Ga) and Neoproterozoic Oxidation Event (0.8 Ga). This biological weathering countered increased solar luminosity and continued emission of volcanic greenhouse gases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ALBUMSSMALL MERCIESWhere EP is short for ‘Epic Potential’BODYSNATCHERMNRK HEAVYHaving garnered much attention supporting Lorna Shore, this six-track EP provides all the savage mosh calls and pummelling breakdowns you’d expect without deviating from the deathcore formula.PHOTO (COLOR) [Extracted from the article]

A report from the University of Antwerp in Belgium explores the potential of enhanced weathering and the use of Bacillus subtilis bacteria as a strategy for sustainable agriculture. Enhanced silicate weathering (ESW) is a carbon dioxide removal (CDR) technology that relies on the acceleration of mineral weathering rates. The study found that the interaction between B. subtilis and basalt stimulated weathering and increased soil extractable iron, resulting in higher CDR potential. However, the study also noted limited mobilization of cations to the liquid phase and a decrease in cumulative carbon dioxide efflux with basalt-only treatment. The research highlights the importance of integrating weathering rate and greenhouse gas emissions and emphasizes the potential of soil organic matter stabilization in ESW studies. [Extracted from the article]

"Weathering: How the Earth's Deep Wisdom Can Help Us Endure Life's Storms" is a book by Ruth Allen, a geologist-turned-psychotherapist based in England's Peak District. Allen explores the connections between geology and human experiences, drawing parallels between erosion and the challenges people face in life. She emphasizes the importance of persevering through difficult times and finding growth through the wearing down process. Allen's insights encourage readers to embrace the forces that weather them and seek wisdom from the natural world. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on research published in the April 2018 issue of "Science" concerning the role of bedrock in the nitrogen cycle. It states that a study published in "Nature" in 2011 found forest soils above sedimentary rock in some regions of California had 50 percent higher nitrogen levels than areas with igneous rock above the soil, while trees growing over sedimentary bedrock had 42 percent more nitrogen. It mentions research found weathering liberated nitrogen from rock and into soil.

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experiences of refurbishing the Accurascale 'OO' gauge 'Deltic' locomotive scale model.

The article discusses the updated Weather app on the Apple Watch with watchOS 10. The app provides more information in a clearer way, including UV levels and air quality. The article provides step-by-step instructions on how to access and navigate the app, as well as how to customize it with complications and add different locations. The Weather app is useful for planning trips and staying informed about the weather. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the maintenance and repair of roofs, emphasizing the importance of preserving the shape and patina of old tiles and slates. It provides insights into the practical and aesthetic aspects of roofing, including the significance of addressing warning signs such as water stains and debris. It also highlights common issues like broken tiles, nail fatigue, and the impact of weathering on roofing materials.

In the article, the author discusses topics like weathering, tethering, and transformation, as well as how authors and journalists are using their works to campaign for solutions for the climate problems. Also cited are how Richard Powers discussed how writers could weather the novel form differently and responsibly in his book "The Overstory," and the book "Why We Read Fiction: Theory of Mind and the Novel" by literary theorist Lisa Zunshine.

The article reviews the "Liquid Mask Pens" from "Galaxy Tools" with features including precision and larger-tip options for effective masking during complex painting tasks.

The article discusses the reliability of weather forecasts and the author's preference for relying on local knowledge rather than technology. The author argues that weather forecasts are accurate and backed by science, but people may be in the wrong place or on a different day when the weather occurs. The author also mentions the reduction of anxiety due to the BBC's decision to remove The Shipping Forecast. The article concludes with the author's personal experience of relying on a local oracle for weather advice while sailing. [Extracted from the article]

• Corrosion big data technology was introduced in design of novel weathering steel. • Cr-addition increases the risk of localized corrosion of weathering steel. • Mechanisms for beneficial and detrimental effect of Cr element was proposed. In this work, we studied the effect of Cr element on the corrosion resistance evolution of weathering steel based on corrosion big data technology. It suggested that corrosion big data technology is suitable for evaluation of the effect of microalloying Cr element on the corrosion evolution behavior of weathering steel. New understandings prove that the effect of Cr on the corrosion process is dynamic rather than static, the processes is affected by both of the environmental factors and the electrochemical or chemical reactions in the rust layer. Besides, Cr element has both beneficial effect and detrimental effect on the corrosion resistance of weathering steel. The beneficial effect is that the general corrosion resistance of Cr-additional steel is better than that of Cr-free steel, while the detrimental effect is that localized corrosion is intensified as the increase of Cr content in the Cr-additional steel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A personal narrative is presented which explores the author's experience of Restoration STATION.

Features I OWN SEVERAL 60-foot Gunderson boxcars, and cars this new do not require a heavy amount weathering. Finally, I sealed the weathering with a protective layer of Vallejo Polyurethane Matt Varnish (No. 27.651) followed by a layer of ordinary Vallejo Matt Varnish . Photo shows the boxcar before I did anything to it and after the weathering. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents Weathering Standards, which includes the 9F, the Standard 5MT, the 2-6-4T they were handsome locomotives and they continue to look modern, futuristic even, because nothing came after them that would push them backwards in the way that inevitably befalls contemporary design.

Vibrant, friendly design Superb Home screen widgets Impressive Apple Watch app Sluggish radar view GREAT Rated 4 out of 5 stars 4 > (Not Boring) Weather $1.99/month; $14.99/year From Andy Works, andy.works 4 Think you've seen apps that are design playgrounds? REVIEWS ON TEST… > Carrot Weather > Dark Sky > Hello Weather > (Not Boring) Weather > Weather by Tomorrow.io > Weather Underground THERE'S A LINE of thinking that weather forecasts are redundant. Our primary test device was an iPhone, but we also used each app on an iPad to see if any weather app developers are optimizing their output for Apple's tablet. [Extracted from the article]

The article reports that Associated Electric Cooperative, a system that supplies electricity y to six transmission and 51 distribution cooperatives with millions member-consumers in rural Missouri, Iowa and Oklahoma. It mentions that record-setting prolonged subzero temperatures, heavy snow and ice brought all-time high customer electricity usage, limits on natural gas supply that drove prices to historic highs and many operational challenges to keep the lights on.