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This Letter, for the first time, proposes the look-back-upon tree recurrence (LTR) method based on the Poisson statistics for discrete time to predict the performance of Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes with a short dead time. The results of the proposed method correspond to the results of previous methods for diverse input fluxes. The LTR method possesses very low time and space complexity to allow for the real-time analysis of the Geiger-mode avalanche photodiodes’ performance over the entire ranges of dead time and input diversity.

A convenient and efficient method for the site-directed incorporation of aldehydes generated on the oligosaccharide moieties at the C-terminal of immunoglobulin (IgG) using NaIO4oxidation reaction is explored as a means of ensuring controlled assembly of IgG antibodies onto aminopropyltriethoxylsilane (APTES) derivatized silicon wafer surfaces. The orientation and antigen binding capacity (AgBC) of site-directly assembled IgG antibodies on derivatized surfaces were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM) and enzyme immunoassay (EIA), respectively. A major difference in preferential orientation is observed when the incubation of derivatized surfaces with oxidized IgG molecules is compared in two different kinds of buffer solutions. We obtained the stable and homogeneous IgG layer without loss of the AgBC on the APTES derivatized surface using the controlled incubation condition.