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This paper presents a low drop-out (LDO) regulator with feed-forward ripple cancellation (FFRC) technique, utilizing a capacitively coupled method. Power supply rejection (PSR) is identified as one of the most critical specifications, alongside performance over a wide frequency range and at maximum load current. The paper presents a technique to enhance the PSR of the LDO and demonstrates the feasibility and relevance of these methods through equation derivation. The proposed LDO is designed using a 0.18 µm process, with input voltage specifications ranging from 1.3 V to 1.8 V, an output voltage of 1.2 V, and a static current consumption of 38.6 µA, utilizing an external regulator capacitor of 1 µF. This design achieves a PSR of -60 dB at load currents ranging from 1 mA to 40 mA. It also extends the bandwidth when the LDO is supplied with larger load currents, achieving a PSR of -73 dB at a frequency of 500 kHz and maintaining a PSR of -61 dB or more at 1 MHz.

A new complex [RuCl2(dppf)(PN)] 1(dppf = 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino) ferrocene; PN = (2-diphenylphosphino)benzenamine) has been synthesized and characterized. Its structure was determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. An efficient 1/Pd salt-cocatalyzed three-component oxidation/cyclization/Suzuki reaction for the synthesis of 2-pyridinyl-6-arylquinolines from 2-acetylpyridine, (2-amino-5-bromophenyl)methanol, and arylboronic acids has been developed.

Inflammation, a hallmark of cancer, has been associated with tumor progression, transition into malignant phenotype and efficacy of the chemotherapeutic agents in cancer. Chronic inflammation provides a favorable environment for tumorigenesis by inducing immunosuppression, whereas acute inflammation prompts tumor suppression by generating anti-tumor immune responses. Inflammatory factors derived from interstitial cells or tumor cells can stimulate cell proliferation and survival by modulating oncogenes and/or tumor suppressors. Recently, a new class of RNAs, i.e., circular RNAs (circRNAs), has been implicated in inflammatory diseases. Although there are reports on circRNAs imparting functions in inflammatory insults, whether these circularized transcripts hold the potential to regulate inflammation-induced cancer or tumor-related inflammation, and modulate the interactions between tumor microenvironment (TME) and the inflammatory stromal/immune cells, awaits further elucidation. Contextually, the current review describes the molecular association between inflammation and cancer, and spotlights the regulatory mechanisms by which circRNAs can moderate TME in response to inflammatory signals/triggers. We also present comprehensive information about the immune cell(s)-specific expression and functions of the circRNAs in TME, modulation of inflammatory signaling pathways to drive tumorigenesis, and their plausible roles in inflammasomes and tumor development. Moreover, the therapeutic potential of these circRNAs in harnessing inflammatory responses in cancer is also discussed.

Byline: Da-Ke. Chen, Wei-Wen. Huang, Lin-Jin. Li, Qiang-Wei. Pan, Wen-Shuo. BaoAim of Study: To further evaluate the influence of glutathione S-transferase M1 (GSTM1) and glutathione S-transferase T1 (GSTT1) null genotypes [...]

Phototheranostics has attracted considerable attention in the fields of cancer diagnosis and treatment. However, the complete eradication of solid tumors using traditional phototheranostics is difficult because of the limited depth and range of laser irradiation. New phototheranostics enabling precise phototherapy and post-treatment imaging-guided programmed therapy for residual tumors is urgently required. Accordingly, this study developed a novel transformable phototheranostics by assembling hyaluronic acid (HA) with copper-nitrogen-coordinated carbon dots (CDs). In this transformable nanoplatform, named copper-nitrogen-CDs@HA, the HA component enables the specific targeting of cluster determinant (CD) 44-overexpressing tumor cells. In the tumor cells, redox glutathione converts Cu(II) (cupric ions) into Cu(I) (cuprous ions), which confers the novel transformable functionality to phototheranostics. Both in vitroand in vivoresults reveal that the near-infrared-light-photoactivated CuII-N-CDs@HA could target CD44-overexpressing tumor cells for precise synergistic photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy. This study is the first to observe that CuII-N-CDs@HA could escape from lysosomes and be transformed in situinto CuI-N-CDs@HA in tumor cells, with the d9electronic configuration of Cu(II) changing to the d10electronic configuration of Cu(I), which turns on their fluorescence and turns off their photothermal properties. This transformable phototheranostics could be used for post-treatment imaging-guided photodynamic therapy on residual tumor cells. Thus, the rationally designed copper-nitrogen-coordinated CDs offer a simple in situtransformation strategy for using multiple-stimulus-responsive precise phototheranostics in post-treatment monitoring of residual tumor cells and imaging-guided programmed therapy.

•Sarcopenia has shown robust impact in variable clinical diseases.•Appendicular skeletal muscle mass measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry has been gold standard in diagnostic criteria of sarcopenia.•Investigating the correlation between appendicular skeletal muscle mass and psoas muscle area at different lumbar spine levels on cross section imaging modality.

We previously showed that oral administration of exogenous glutathione (GSH) exerted a direct and/or indirect therapeutic effect on ischemic stroke rats, but the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. In the current study, we conducted a quantitative proteomic analysis to explore the pathways mediating the therapeutic effect of GSH in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) model rats. Rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 h followed by reperfusion. The rats were treated with GSH (250 mg/kg, ig) or levodopa (L-dopa, 100 mg/kg, ig) plus carbidopa (10 mg/kg, ig). Neurologic deficits were assessed, and the rats were sacrificed at 24 h after cerebral I/R surgery to measure brain infarct sizes. We conducted a proteomic analysis of the lesion side striatum samples and found that tyrosine metabolism and dopaminergic synapse were involved in the occurrence of cerebral stroke and the therapeutic effect of GSH. Western blot assay revealed that tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) mediated the occurrence of I/R-induced ischemic stroke and the therapeutic effect of GSH. We analyzed the regulation of GSH on endogenous small molecule metabolites and showed that exogenous GSH had the most significant effect on intrastriatal dopamine (DA) in I/R model rats by promoting its synthesis and inhibiting its degradation. To further explore whether DA-related alterations were potential targets of GSH, we investigated the therapeutic effect of DA accumulation on ischemic brain injury. The combined administration of the precursor drugs of DA (L-dopa and carbidopa) significantly ameliorated neurological deficits, reduced infarct size, and oxidative stress, and decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines levels in the striatum of I/R injury rats. More interestingly, exogenous L-dopa/carbidopa could also greatly enhance the exposure of intracerebral GSH by upregulating GSH synthetases and enhancing homocysteine (HCY) levels in the striatum. Thus, administration of exogenous GSH exerts a therapeutic effect on ischemic stroke by increasing intrastriatal DA, and the accumulated DA can, in turn, enhance the exposure of GSH and its related substances, thus promoting the therapeutic effect of GSH.

A phosphine-mediated, well-designed Morita–Baylis–Hillman-type/Wittig cascade for the rapid assembly of a quinolinone framework from benzaldehyde derivatives is developed for the first time. By rationally combining I2/NIS-mediated cyclization, biologically relevant 3-(benzopyrrole/furan-2-yl) quinolinones were facilely synthesized in a one-pot process by starting from 3-styryl-quinolinones bearing an o-hydroxy/amino group, significantly expanding the chemical space of this privileged skeleton. Further utility of this protocol is illustrated by successfully performing this transformation in a catalytic manner through in situ reduction of phosphine oxide by phenylsilane.

Background: It is imperative that high-quality data should be accumulated to guarantee the correctness and accuracy of physics results in particle physics experiments. The top-up injection of BEPCII has achieved a definite improvement in integrated luminosity, but simultaneously has an obvious impact on the background level of the data acquired by the BESIII detector due to frequent beam injections. Methods: An online trigger veto and an offline event filter have been developed and applied to eliminate the contaminated events from the data samples for physics research. Results and Conclusion: The design and implementation of offline event filter are described in this article. The upgraded offline data processing procedure with offline event filter was executed smoothly in recent years and ensured data acquisition and processing with optimal efficiency and sufficient quality in BESIII experiment.

Background: The end-cap time-of-flight (TOF) at Beijing Spectrometer was upgraded with multi-gap resistive plate chamber technology in order to improve the particle identification capability in 2015. The offline data quality monitoring (ODQM) is a critical aspect of the data processing chain aiming at providing data with good quality for physics analyses. Method: An ODQM tool for upgraded end-cap TOF has been developed to provide feedback about the functioning and performance of detector hardware and data processing chain. Detector information and reconstructed time-of-flight characteristics of charged tracks are filled into plots using full Bhabha events’ reconstruction results, and then, these plots are used to assess the operational conditions of the detector and the quality of the data by the experts. Result: This paper describes the design and the content of performance of the ODQM of end-cap TOF and the data quality performance achieved during the last 2-year physical data taking.

LAVOLTA (L)I, LII, and ACOUSTICS were randomized, placebo-controlled, Phase 3 trials of lebrikizumab, a monoclonal antibody targeting IL-13 in patients with uncontrolled asthma. Failure to demonstrate efficacy may have been related to patient selection in those trials.

Recent years have witnessed rapid progress in the field of epitranscriptomics. Functional interpretation of the epitranscriptome relies on sequencing technologies that determine the location and stoichiometry of various RNA modifications. However, contradictory results have been reported among studies, bringing the biological impacts of certain RNA modifications into doubt. Here, we develop a synthetic RNA library resembling the endogenous transcriptome but without any RNA modification. By incorporating this modification-free RNA library into established mapping techniques as a negative control, we reveal abundant false positives resulting from sequence bias or RNA structure. After calibration, precise and quantitative mapping expands the understanding of two representative modification types, N6-methyladenosine (m6A) and 5-methylcytosine (m5C). We propose that this approach provides a systematic solution for the calibration of various RNA-modification mappings and holds great promise in epitranscriptomic studies.

ABSTRACTCircular RNAs (circ RNAs) have been found to play an important role in cancer development. However, the role of circRAB3IP in osteosarcoma (OS) is unclear.In the present study, We found that circRAB3IP was highly expressed in OS tissues and OS cells. High levels of circRAB3IP was correlated with advanced TNM stage, distant metastasis. CircRAB3IP knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion. Moreover, circRAB3IP directly binds to miR-580-3p. TWIST1 is directly targeted by miR-580-3p. We also demonstrated that circRAB3IP act as the sponge of miR-580-3p to promote TWIST1 expression. CircRAB3IP promotes OS cells proliferation, migration, and invasion through modulating miR-580-3p/TWIST1 axis. Moreover, circRAB3IP facilitated tumor formation in vivo. Our findings suggested that circRAB3IP acts as an oncogene in OS by regulating miR-580-3p/TWIST1 axis.

In this study, sorted nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots were prepared and subsequently conjugated with polymers. The synthesized materials exhibited excitation-wavelength-independent photoluminescence emissions ranging from ultraviolet to near-infrared and were 0.9–8.4 nm in size. The materials also exhibited high-photoluminescence quantum yields and excellent two-photon properties. Therefore, in two-photon bioimaging the materials with different emission spectra can be effective two-photon contrast agents. Specific antibodies were used to label organelles in cancer cells and identify nuclear antigens, thereby enabling the simultaneous detection of four targets in cells at a single two-photon excitation wavelength. The sorted nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dot materials were determined to be considerably more advantageous than organic dyes in identifying multiplexed targets, and they can be effective probes in cellular imaging.

Study Design Retrospective Study.Objectives Minimally invasive endoscopic spinal surgery is gaining popularity, but our understanding of the lumbar spine's microvascular geometry relies heavily on cadaver studies and textbook illustrations. Additionally, inconsistent nomenclature of vessels in the literature hampers effective communication among surgeons. This study aims to improve the clarity and comprehensibility of the lumbar spinal microvascular geometry under endoscopic view.Methods The study included 400 patients who underwent endoscopic spinal surgery for lumbar spinal canal stenosis and foraminal stenosis. The surgeries were performed by an experienced surgeon using either the interlaminar or transforaminal approach. Endoscopic video recordings were further analyzed to map the microvascular geometry and common bleeding foci. The observed results were cross-referenced with existing literature to reconstruct a comprehensive view of the vascular anatomy.Results The transforaminal approach commonly encounters bleeding foci originating from the major branches of the segmental lumbar artery and the emissary veins within the foramen. The interlaminar approach primarily encounters bleeding foci from the muscle vessels in the dorsal lamina, which are believed to be located near the ends of the three main branches. In the intracanal region, epidural vessels form a rotary loop above the disc, which can contribute to most of the bleeding during discectomy.Conclusions This study provides a comprehensive understanding of the microvascular anatomy in the lumbar spine during endoscopic spinal surgery. Recognizing the geometry will help surgeons anticipate and control bleeding, reducing the risk of complications. The findings contribute to the improvement of surgical techniques and patient safety in endoscopic spinal surgery.

In order to investigate the impact of an external electric field on the sensitivity of β-HMX explosives, we employ first-principles calculations to determine the molecular structure, dipole moment, and electronic properties of both β-HMX crystals and individual β-HMX molecules under varying electric fields. When the external electric field is increasing along the [100], [010], and [001] crystallographic directions of β-HMX, the calculation results indicate that an increase in the bond length (N1–N3/N1′–N3′) of the triggering bond, an increase in the main Qnitro(N3, N3′) value, an increase in the minimum surface electrostatic potential, and a decrease in band gap all contribute to a reduction in its stability. Among these directions, the [010] direction exhibits the highest sensitivity, which can be attributed to the significantly smaller effective mass along the [010] direction compared with the [001] and [100] directions. Moreover, the application of an external electric field along the Ydirection of the coordinate system on individual β-HMX molecules reveals that the strong polarization effect induced by the electric field enhances the decomposition of the N1–N3 bonds. In addition, due to the periodic potential energy of β-HXM crystal, the polarization effect of β-HMX crystal caused by an external electric field is much smaller than that of a single β-HXM molecule.

ObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of intraosseous versus intravenous vascular access in the treatment of adult patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.DesignCluster randomised controlled trial.SettingThe VICTOR (Venous Injection Compared To intraOsseous injection during resuscitation of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest) trial involved emergency medical service agencies with all four advanced life support ambulance teams in Taipei City, Taiwan. The enrolment period spanned 6 July 2020 to 30 June 2023 and was temporarily suspended between 20 May 2021 and 31 July 2021 owing to the covid-19 pandemic.ParticipantsAdult (age 20-80 years) patients with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.InterventionsBiweekly randomised clusters of four participating advanced life support ambulance teams were assigned to insert either intravenous or intraosseous access.Main outcome measuresThe primary outcome was survival to hospital discharge. Secondary outcomes included return of spontaneous circulation, sustained return of spontaneous circulation (≥2 hours), and survival with favourable neurological outcomes (cerebral performance category score ≤2) at hospital discharge.ResultsAmong 1771 enrolled patients, 1732 (741 in the intraosseous group and 991 in the intravenous group) were included in the primary analysis (median age 65.0 years; 1234 (71.2%) men). In the intraosseous group, 79 (10.7%) patients were discharged alive, compared with 102 (10.3%) patients in the intravenous group (odds ratio 1.04, 95% confidence interval 0.76 to 1.42; P=0.81). The odds ratio of intraosseous versus intravenous access was 1.23 (0.89 to 1.69; P=0.21) for pre-hospital return of spontaneous circulation, 0.92 (0.75 to 1.13; P=0.44) for sustained return of spontaneous circulation, and 1.17 (0.82 to 1.66; P=0.39) for survival with favourable neurological outcomes.ConclusionsAmong adults with non-traumatic out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, initial attempts to establish vascular access through the intraosseous route did not result in different outcomes compared with intravenous access in terms of the proportion of patients surviving to hospital discharge, pre-hospital return of spontaneous circulation, sustained return of spontaneous circulation, and favourable neurological outcomes.Trial registrationNCT04135547ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04135547.

Background: Cerebral ischemia is a common cause of disability and death. Ischemic brain injury results from complex pathological processes, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. Thioredoxin( Trx) is an important multifunctional protein, which regulates cellular redox status. Increasing studies have demonstrated that Trx provides a neuroprotective role against cerebral ischemia-induced injury. Methods: A systematic search of PMC and the PubMed Database was conducted to summarize the protective effects of Trx against cerebral ischemia. Results: This article reviews the understanding of potential effects and mechanisms of Trx against cerebral ischemia, including the anti-oxidant, anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory effects, as well as the activation of prosurvival pathway. We also summarize that some natural compounds induce the expression of Trx, which is involved in their anti-ischemic effects. Conclusion: In conclusion, Trx has a potential neuroprotection in cerebral ischemia and may be very promising for clinical therapy of ischemic stroke in the future.

Background: Formosan Subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki are sustaining in microbe-rich environment of the nest. The successful foraging and survival of termites within the nest revealed the adaptation of exceptional host-defence mechanism. There is an inherent need to unravel termites immune defence mechanism for knowledgeable host-pathogen understanding. Objective: Comparative protein expression pattern among uninfected and immunized Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki workers was explored for the first time to gain better understanding of host immune response to entomopathogenic fungi including Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. Method: In this study, we analyzed the immune-related proteomic profile of C. formosanus Shiraki workers infected with entomopathogenic fungi including M. anisopliae and B. bassiana. After immunization confirmation by antifungal activity bioassays, homogenates were fractionated by cation exchange chromatography. Antifungal fractions were further analyzed by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Results: We obtained approximately 846 protein spots from uninfected, 709 from workers infected with M. anisopliae and 776 from B. bassiana. A total of 170 peptide fragments from 44 spots were identified to be immune-related by MALDI/TOF/MS. Among them, 20 proteins matched with sequences of C. formosanus. Identified immune related proteins trigger Toll and JAK-STAT pathways and were categorized into six types: five of them were pattern recognition receptors, five proteins were signal modulators, five of them involved in signal transduction, two effectors, four antioxidants and eleven other immune related proteins. Conclusion: Identified immune-related proteins indicate the existence of sophisticated immune mechanism against each pathogen and provide more information for further comprehension on the molecular mechanism of disease resistance among termites.

Developing a nanomaterial, for use in highly efficient dual-modality two-photon photodynamic therapy (PDT) involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and for use as a two-photon imaging contrast probe, is currently desirable. Here, graphene quantum dots (GQDs) doped with nitrogen and functionalized with an amino group (amino-N-GQDs) serving as a photosensitizer in PDT had the superior ability to generate ROS as compared to unmodified GQDs. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) species were completely eliminated at an ultralow energy (239.36 nJ pixel–1) through only 12 s two-photon excitation (TPE) in the near-infrared region (800 nm). Furthermore, the amino-N-GQDs had an absorption wavelength of approximately 800 nm, quantum yield of 0.33, strong luminescence, an absolute cross section of approximately 54 356 Göeppert–Mayer units, a lifetime of 1.09 ns, a ratio of the radiative to nonradiative decay rates of approximately 0.49, and high two-photon stability under TPE. These favorable properties enabled the amino-N-GQDs to act as a two-photon contrast probe for tracking and localizing analytes through in-depth two-photon imaging in a three-dimensional biological environment and concurrently easily eliminating MDR species through PDT.

The aim of this paper is to utilize special skills and potential well method to deal with questions of local and global well-posedness to a nonlinear diffusion equation driven by the p-Laplace operator, which reveals a subtle relationship between singular potential and nonlinear operator, and further generalizes some previous early results about local existence of the weak solution from a class of evolution equations involved the linear dissipative term and singular potential. Specifically, the results of stability and blow-up of solutions are established for the first time to this initial boundary value problem with singular potential.

The site-selective reaction of substrates with multiple reactive sites has been a focus of the current synthetic chemistry. The use of attractive noncovalent interactions between the catalyst and substrate is emerging as a versatile approach to address site-selectivity challenges. Herein, we designed and synthesized a series of palladacycles, to control meta-selective Suzuki coupling of 3,4-dichlorophenol and 3,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol. Noncovalent interactions directed zwitterionic aqua palladacycles catalyzed meta-selective Suzuki couplings of 3,4-dichloroarenes bearing hydroxyl in water have been developed. Experiments and density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated that the electrostatic interactions play a critical role in meta-selective coupling of 3,4-dichlorophenol, while meta-selective coupling of 3,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol arises due to the hydrogen-bonding interactions.

A graphene quantum dot (GQD) used as the photosensitizer with high two-photon absorption in the near-infrared region, a large absolute cross section of two-photon excitation (TPE), strong two-photon luminescence, and impressive two-photon stability could be used for dual modality two-photon photodynamic therapy (PDT) and two-photon bioimaging with an ultrashot pulse laser (or defined as TPE). In this study, a GQD efficiently generated reactive oxygen species coupled with TPE, which highly increased the effective PDT ability of both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, with ultralow energy and an extremely short photoexcitation time generated by TPE. Because of its two-photon properties, a GQD could serve as a promising two-photon contrast agent for observing specimens in depth in three-dimensional biological environments while simultaneously proceeding with PDT action to eliminate bacteria, particularly in multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. This procedure would provide an efficient alternative approach to easily cope with MDR bacteria.

The photostability, photodestructive efficacy, two-photon excitation cross section, and two-photon fluorescence of gold nanoparticles conjugated with a hydrophilic photosensitizer, indocyanine green, via multiphoton laser exhibited an increased size effect in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureusand A549 cancer cells that was dependent on the size of multifunctional gold nanomaterials, but the effect only occurred when nanomaterials within 100 nm in diameter were used. Besides, the enhanced effectiveness of photodestruction, photostability, and contrast probe indicated an additive effect in the therapeutic and imaging efficiency of multifunctional gold nanomaterials. Consequently, the preparation of the multifunctional gold nanomaterials and their use in biomedical applications via multiphoton laser is an alternative and potential therapeutic approach for killing bacteria and for ablating cancer cells.

As the deepening contradictions between the urban water and water shortages, Urban requires urban sewage treatment systems to improve the efficiency of treatment; it requires the level of the assessment of urban sewage treatment system higher. We commonly used in urban sewage treatment system evaluation model for the Analytical Hierarchy Process model and input-output model, respectively, from two different perspectives to assess the urban sewage treatment system. However, both of two models are flawed. This paper attempts to examine the lack of two assessment models, and make two the models to be amended by the perspective of energy conversion.

Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the target enzyme of organophosphorus and carbamate insecticides. We applied trichlorfon to select resistant strains of Bactrocera dorsalisHendel in the laboratory. Two trichlorfon-resistant strains, the Tri-R1strain with 18.23-fold resistance and the Tri-R2strain with 69.5-fold resistance, were obtained. Three known mutations, I159V, G433S and Q588R were identified in AChE of two resistant strains, and a novel mutation, G365A, was identified in the more resistant Tri-R2strain. The modeled 3-D-structure of AChE showed that G365A and G433S are closely adjacent in the gorge above the catalytic site S235. Mutations of G365A and G433S resulted in a steric hindrance by stronger Van der Waals force between two sites. Such a minor structural change might block insecticides from squeezing through the gorge to reach the active site, but not the natural substrate. Compared with the susceptible strain, the AChE activity of the Tri-R1strain and the Tri-R2strain was 0.87- and 0.67-fold, the Kmvalue of the Tri-R1strain and the Tri-R2strain was 0.11- and 0.10-fold, the Vmaxvalue of two resistant strains was 0.26- and 0.15-fold, whereas, the I50to trichlorfon significantly increased by 9.07- and 13.19-fold. These results suggested that the novel point mutation G365A of AChE might be involved in increasing resistance to trichlorfon in the resistant strain of oriental fruit fly.

The purpose of this study was to develop a novel method to precisely measure the arc length of curving skeleton. We developed a formula by using differential equation and the arc length of bending bones can be calculated according to the chord length and height. With this method, we measured the coronal arc length of parietal bones in fetus. Our results showed that the arc length calculated using the formula was not significantly different from those obtained by manual measurements (P>0.05). We concluded that this method was simple, precise and can be used to measure the ossification length of any fetus parietal bones with less than 180o curvature or the arc length of bones in other parts of humans.

People in such huge information how to find useful information becomes a problem. In order to deal with hierarchical relations in text data, a novel method, called automatic non-negative matrix factorization of the hierarchy clustering, is proposed for the text mining. We use the vector space model as the research foundation, mainly discusses the feature selection and weight calculation two problems. The experimental results on the real data sets demonstrate that our method outperforms, on average, all the other 6 methods.

Myogenic constrictor responses in small renal arteries and afferent arterioles are suppressed in mice with reduced levels of β-epithelial Na+channel (βENaCm/m). The underlying mechanism is unclear. Decreased activity of voltage-gated calcium channels (VGCC) or mechanically gated ion channels and increased activity of large conductance calcium-activated potassium (BK) channels are a few possible mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to determine if VGCC, BK, or mechanically gated ion channel activity was altered in renal vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) from βENaCm/mmice. To address this, we used whole cell patch-clamp electrophysiological approaches in freshly isolated renal VSMCs. Compared with βENaC+/+controls, the current-voltage relationships for VGCC and BK activity are similar in βENaCm/mmice. These findings suggest neither VGCC nor BK channel dysfunction accounts for reduced myogenic constriction in βENaCm/mmice. We then examined mechanically gated currents using a novel in vitro assay where VSMCs are mechanically activated by stretching an underlying elastomer. We found the mechanically gated currents, predominantly carried by Na+, are observed with less frequency (87 vs. 43%) and have smaller magnitude (−54.1 ± 12.5 vs. −20.9 ± 4.9 pA) in renal VSMCs from βENaCm/mmice. Residual currents are expected in this model since VSMC βENaC expression is reduced by 50%. These findings suggest βENaC is required for normal mechanically gated currents in renal VSMCs and their disruption may account for the reduced myogenic constriction in the βENaCm/mmodel. Our findings are consistent with the role of βENaC as a VSMC mechanosensor and function of evolutionarily related nematode degenerin proteins.

In this article, the use of a high-order Boussinesq-type model and sets of laboratory experiments in a large scale flume of breaking solitary waves climbing up slopes with two inclinations are presented to study the shoreline behavior of breaking and non-breaking solitary waves on plane slopes. The scale effect on run-up height is briefly discussed. The model simulation capability is well validated against the available laboratory data and present experiments. Then, serial numerical tests are conducted to study the shoreline motion correlated with the effects of beach slope and wave nonlinearity for breaking and non-breaking waves. The empirical formula proposed by Hsiao et al. for predicting the maximum run-up height of a breaking solitary wave on plane slopes with a wide range of slope inclinations is confirmed to be cautious. Furthermore, solitary waves impacting and overtopping an impermeable sloping seawall at various water depths are investigated. Laboratory data of run-up height, shoreline motion, free surface elevation and overtopping discharge are presented. Comparisons of run-up, run-down, shoreline trajectory and wave overtopping discharge are made. A fairly good agreement is seen between numerical results and experimental data. It elucidates that the present depth-integrated model can be used as an efficient tool for predicting a wide spectrum of coastal problems.

In order to investigate the additional expansion force of continuous welded rails (CWR) on extra-long continuous bridges of high-speed railways, the integrative spatial finite element model of track-bridge-pier system is established with the nonlinear spring element simulating the longitudinal resistance between track and bridge. In this paper, the influences of several parameters to the additional expansion force of CWR are studied, including the different resistance models, the number of main spans, the arrangement of adjacent bridges as well as the pier’s longitudinal stiffness. Some conclusions are drawn through comparisons and analysis, which could provide valuable references for design and application of long-span continuous bridges on high-speed railways.

Baculoviruses are one of the most studied insect viruses both in basic virology research and in biotechnology applications. Incorporating an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) into the baculovirus genome generates bi-cistronic baculoviruses expression vectors that produce two genes of interest. The bi-cistronic baculoviruses also facilitate recombinant virus isolation and titer determination when the green fluorescent protein was co-expressed. Furthermore, when the secretion proteins were co-expressed with the cytosolic green fluorescent protein, the cell lysis and cytosolic protein released into the culture medium could be monitored by the green fluorescence, thus facilitating purification of the secreted proteins.

This paper first proves the practicability of evacuation using elevators in high-rise buildings fire. Analyzing characteristics of the evacuation by elevators, the paper put forward an improved evacuation strategy and the corresponded improved evacuation model. In order to further prove the improved evacuation strategy can shorten the evacuation time, taking a certain building for example, this paper design many projects of evacuation, which based on different evacuation strategies. Finally, the paper modeling and simulating these projects with simulation software, results showed by simulation models can prove the large superiority of improved evacuation strategy.

This paper presents a new application scheme of Broadband Power Line Communication (BPLC) in smart home. In this scheme the power line was chosen as “the last one meter connection”medium in order to reduce the length of the PLC link and improve the network property. In the newscheme, the power lines and PLC modem were used to construct the indoor Ethernet, and the home appliances were connected to this indoor LAN through the serial port/Ethernet network adapter as an Ethernet unit, then to access or control the home appliancesfrom the Internet through the home gateway, which is different from the common ones, is available. The new application scheme not only increases the management efficiency and reduce the cost of smart home, but also conquer the shortcomings of the traditional methods.

Das Beste aus drei Welten: Ein System bestehend aus Goldnanostäbchen mit Poly(styrol‐alt‐maleinsäure)‐Hülle (siehe Bild; pink), dem Photosensibilisator Indocyaningrün (schwarz) und Antikörpern (grüne „Y“) lässt sich nicht nur für die photodynamische Therapie und als hyperthermisches Reagens zur Zerstörung maligner Zellen einsetzen, sondern wirkt simultan auch als Kontrastfarbstoff zur Bildgebung von Zellen im Nah‐Infrarot.

We are interested in the existence and multiplicity of ground state solutions for a class of p(x)-Laplacian Dirichlet problem in bounded domains. Firstly, combining constraint variational method and quantitative deformation lemma, we prove that the equation possesses at least one least energy sign-changing solution with exactly two nodal domains. Finally, using a strong maximum principle, we obtain three ground state solutions (one positive, one negative, and one sign-changing) for this problem.

Compounds bearing fluorinated moieties are pervasive in a wide range of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals. The installation of fluorinated units is a persistently vital task in synthetic chemistry, where facile and manipulable assays are highly demanding. Herein, we establish a general and programmable fluorination strategy for the modular assembly of mono- and difluoromethylarenes through the controllable deprotonation and fluorination of phosphonium ylides. Moreover, the rational combination of the reaction sequence allows the rapid construction of diversified fluorine-containing arenes.

Purpose: The end cap time of flight (TOF) at Beijing spectrometer was upgraded with multi-gap resistive plate chamber technology in order to improve the particle identification capability in 2015. The offline data quality monitoring is a critical aspect of the data processing chain aiming at providing data with good quality for physics analyses. Methods: An offline data quality monitoring tool for upgraded end cap TOF has been developed to provide feedback about the functioning and performance of detector hardware and data processing chain. Results: Detector information and reconstructed time-of- flight characteristics of charged tracks are filled into plots using full Bhabha events reconstruction results, and then, these plots are used to assess the operational conditions of the detector and the quality of the data by the experts. Conclusion: This paper is describing the design and the content of performance of the offline data quality monitoring of end cap TOF and the data quality performance achieved during last 2 years’ physical data taking.

Drosophila lini and its two sibling species, D. ohnishii and D. ogumai, are hardly distinguishable from one another in morphology. These species are more or less reproductively isolated. The mitochondrial ND2 and COI-COII and the nuclear ITS1-ITS2 regions were sequenced to seek for the possibility of DNA barcoding and to reconstruct the phylogeny of them. The character-based approach for DNA barcoding detected some diagnostic nucleotides only for monophyletic D. ogumai, but no informative sites for the other two very closely species, D. lini and D. ohnishii, of which strains intermingled in the molecular phylogenetic trees. Thus, this study provides another case of limited applicability of DNA barcoding in species delineation, as in other cases of related Drosophila species. The molecular phylogenetic tree inferred from the concatenated sequences strongly supported the monophyly of the cluster of the three species, that is, the lini clade. We propose some hypotheses of evolutionary events in this clade.

The development of multifunctional nanomaterials is currently a topic of interest in the field of nanotechnology. Integrated systems that incorporate therapeutics, molecular targeting, and diagnostic imaging capabilities are considered to be the next generation of multifunctional nanomedicine. In this work, we present the first example of using Au nanorods simultaneously serving not only as photodynamic and photothermal agents to destroy A549 malignant cells but also as optical contrast agents simultaneously to monitor cellular image. Au nanorods were successfully conjugated with hydrophilic photosensitizer, indocyanine green (ICG), to achieve photodynamic therapy (PDT) and hyperthermia. With the combination of PDT and hyperthermia proved to be efficiently killing cancer cells as compared to PDT or hyperthermia treatment alone and enhanced the effectiveness of photodestruction. Moreover, Au nanorods conjugated with ICG displayed high chemical stability and simultaneously acted as a promising cellular image probe. As a result, the preparation of Au nanorods conjugated with photosensitizers as well as their use in biomedical applications is valuable developments in multifunctional nanomaterials.