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The objective was to determine whether baseline fatty acid intake and erythrocyte omega‐3 and omega‐6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) can predict risk of total hip arthroplasty (THA) and total knee arthroplasty (TKA) in older women. This was a prospective analysis of 34,990 women in the Women's Health Initiative. Dietary fatty acids were estimated from food frequency questionnaires. Imputed erythrocyte PUFAs were available in a subcohort of 3,428 women. Arthroplasty (THA and TKA), used as a surrogate of severe osteoarthritis, was identified via linked Medicare data. Cox proportional hazards models were constructed to estimate risk of arthroplasty. Risk of THA was associated with higher intake of arachidonic acid, (multivariable hazard ratio [HR] quartile 4 [Q4] vs Q1: 1.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.01–1.34; P= 0.03) and higher intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; HR Q4 vs Q1: 1.20; 95% CI 1.05–1.39; P= 0.003). There was a linear trend (P= 0.04) for patients to have a higher risk of THA with higher erythrocyte EPA and DHA in body mass index–adjusted models; however, there was no significant difference in patients who had THAs by quartiles of erythrocyte EPA and DHA (P= 0.10). Dietary fatty acids and erythrocyte PUFAs were not significantly associated with risk of TKA. Higher baseline intakes of arachidonic acid and EPA and DHA were associated with a modestly higher risk of THA. No association was found between fatty acids and patients who had TKAs. Further research in populations with direct measures of osteoarthritis severity is needed to better understand the importance of PUFAs in modulating osteoarthritis and arthroplasty risk.

Abstract: Homeostatic imbalance involving progressive stimulation of osteoclast (OC) differentiation and function will lead to an increased risk of fragility fractures. In this regard, we investigated gallium acetylacetonate (GaAcAc) as a possible treatment for osteoclastic bone resorption. Further, the extent to which suitable delivery systems can enhance the therapeutic potential of GaAcAc was evaluated. GaAcAc solution (10–50 µg/mL) suppressed OC differentiation using murine monocytic RAW 264.7 or hematopoietic stem cells. Methylcellulose-based hydrogels were fabricated and characterized based on biocompatibility with bone cells, GaAcAc loading, and thermoresponsive behavior using storage (G′) and loss (G″) moduli parameters. Compared to GaAcAc solution, hydrogels loaded with GaAcAc (GaMH) were more effective in suppressing OC differentiation and function. The number and extent of bone resorption pits from ex vivo studies were markedly reduced with GaMH treatment. Mechanistic assessment of GaMH efficacy showed superiority, compared to GaAcAc solution, in downregulating the expression of key markers involved in mediating OC differentiation (such as NFAT2, cFos, TRAF6, and TRAP) as well as in bone resorption by OCs (cathepsin K or CTSK). Additional studies (in vitro and in vivo) suggested that the performance of GaMH could be ascribed to controlled release of GaAcAc and the ability to achieve prolonged bio-retention after injection in BALB/c mice, which plausibly maximized the therapeutic impact of GaAcAc. Overall, the work demonstrated, for the first time, the therapeutic efficacy of GaAcAc and the therapeutic potential of GaMH delivery systems in osteoclastic bone resorption. Graphical Abstract:

Popular artificial intelligence systems, like ChatGPT, may be used by anyone to generate humanlike answers to questions. This study assessed whether ChatGPT version 3.5 (ChatGPTv3.5) or the first five results from a Google search provide more accurate, complete, and concise answers to the most common questions patients have about carpal tunnel syndrome. Three orthopedic hand surgeons blindly graded the answers using Likert scales to assess accuracy, completeness, and conciseness. ChatGPTv3.5 and the first five Google results provide answers to carpal tunnel syndrome questions that are similar in accuracy and completeness, but ChatGPTv3.5 answers are more concise. ChatGPTv3.5, being freely accessible to the public, is therefore a good resource for patients seeking concise, Google-equivalent answers to specific medical questions regarding carpal tunnel syndrome. ChatGPTv3.5, given its lack of updated sourcing and risk of presenting false information, should not replace frequently updated academic websites as the primary online medical resource for patients.

[ILLUSTRATION OMITTED] There are three types of product liability claims: 1) strict liability challenges the design or manufacture of the product itself; 2) negligence challenges reasonableness of a manufacturer's conduct; [...]

Purpose: In view of current climate change policies, this study aims to provide researchers, regulators, and business practice with the current picture of practices regarding carbon-related compensation granted to chief executive officers (CEO). To this end, it examines whether and to what extent European companies translate their carbon reduction strategies into carbon targets underlying their CEOs’ short-term and long-term compensation, what characteristics the carbon targets used commonly have in terms of their quality and time frame, and whether the carbon targets used differ among carbon-intensive, and less carbon-intensive companies. Design/methodology/approach: Drawing on the stakeholder-agency theoretical perspective, this study explores the patterns of use and characteristics of carbon-related targets in CEO compensation. In this vein, a content analysis of corporate disclosure for the business years 2018 and 2019 is conducted for a European sample of 65 large listed companies from 16 countries and 11 industries. Findings: The findings of this study show that albeit the trend toward new adoption, carbon-related CEO compensation systems are still uncommon. The results also reveal that carbon targets are mainly used to determine short-term compensation. Further, the findings highlight that carbon-related CEO compensation is almost equally widespread among carbon-intensive and less carbon-intensive companies. However, in terms of target quality, the study shows that carbon-intensive companies display greater heterogeneity and opacity. Originality/value: By analyzing the characteristics of carbon targets and the prevalence of carbon-related CEO compensation for the first time, this study contributes to the stakeholder-agency theoretical perspective on corporate governance. In view of the European Green Deal and climate-related stakeholder demands, regulators and business practice are encouraged to recognize that carbon-related CEO compensation should gain momentum and the disclosure on this matter should become more transparent and comparable among companies and across industries.

Sustainability-oriented CEO compensation is being widely discussed among policy makers, corporate practice, and academia. To date, management literature has yielded a growing body of empirical results on the determinants and effects of sustainable CEO compensation. Primarily, empirical studies analyze whether and to what extent sustainability-related issues determine the design of sustainable CEO compensation and how sustainability-oriented CEO compensation impacts corporate performance. However, the scattered nature of this research field has impeded an overarching empirical substantiation of the arguments in favor or against a sustainable CEO compensation. This structured literature review addresses this gap by analyzing 37 empirical studies on the key determinants and effects of sustainable CEO compensation. Using a multi-level analysis, we contribute to the discussion on sustainable CEO compensation by systematically identifying the central empirical insights and methodological and content-related foci within this research area. In summary, this review provides regulators, boards, management, investors, and other stakeholders with academic evidence on the determinants and effects of sustainability-oriented CEO compensation design. In addition to critically reflecting on the current state of research, we recommend paths for future research on sustainable CEO compensation.

•Transcriptomic analysis of NHP and patient-derived T cells following CAR T-cell infusion identified activated CAR−bystander CD8+T cells.•Cytokine exposure–induced bystander-like CD8+T cells capable of T-cell receptor–independent cytotoxic killing of leukemia cells.

We present a global sensitivity analysis that quantifies the impact of parameter uncertainty on model outcomes. Specifically, we propose variance‐decomposition‐based Sobol' indices to establish an importance ranking of parameters and univariate effects to determine the direction of their impact. We employ the state‐of‐the‐art approach of constructing a polynomial chaos expansion of the model, from which Sobol' indices and univariate effects are then obtained analytically, using only a limited number of model evaluations. We apply this analysis to several quantities of interest of a standard real‐business‐cycle model and compare it to traditional local sensitivity analysis approaches. The results show that local sensitivity analysis can be very misleading, whereas the proposed method accurately and efficiently ranks all parameters according to importance, identifying interactions and nonlinearities.

BackgroundWe aimed for a comprehensive delineation of genetic, functional and phenotypic aspects of GRIN2Bencephalopathy and explored potential prospects of personalised medicine.MethodsData of 48 individuals with de novo GRIN2Bvariants were collected from several diagnostic and research cohorts, as well as from 43 patients from the literature. Functional consequences and response to memantine treatment were investigated in vitro and eventually translated into patient care.ResultsOverall, de novo variants in 86 patients were classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic. Patients presented with neurodevelopmental disorders and a spectrum of hypotonia, movement disorder, cortical visual impairment, cerebral volume loss and epilepsy. Six patients presented with a consistent malformation of cortical development (MCD) intermediate between tubulinopathies and polymicrogyria. Missense variants cluster in transmembrane segments and ligand-binding sites. Functional consequences of variants were diverse, revealing various potential gain-of-function and loss-of-function mechanisms and a retained sensitivity to the use-dependent blocker memantine. However, an objectifiable beneficial treatment response in the respective patients still remains to be demonstrated.ConclusionsIn addition to previously known features of intellectual disability, epilepsy and autism, we found evidence that GRIN2Bencephalopathy is also frequently associated with movement disorder, cortical visual impairment and MCD revealing novel phenotypic consequences of channelopathies.

The phase behavior of a mixture of isobutyric acid and water confined in mesoporous SBA-15 silica material is studied by a combination of solid-state NMR spectroscopy and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The combination of these two techniques shows that the iBA-rich phase is close to the pore wall and the water-rich phase is in the center of the pores. The MD simulations reveal that this surprising phase behavior is mainly the result of the minimization of the hydrogen-bonding enthalpy. Moreover, the simulations show also that upon increasing temperature the relative water concentration increases at the pore surface, which is attributed to entropic contributions which lead to a more thorough miscibility. These results solve a long-standing problem of the microphase separation inside these materials.

The article discusses the cooperation between the U.S. Army and the U.S. Navy in the 1863 siege of Vicksburg, Mississippi during the U.S. Civil War. According to the author, the Navy's operations attacking Confederate river batteries, escorting U.S. Army personnel transports, and maintaining supply and communication lines played a significant role in the Army's ability to carry out siege operations. Details on the Union capture of Port Hudson, Louisiana, are also presented.

Historians may continue to debate the turning points of the U.S. Civil War, but to most Americans Gettysburg, Pennsylvania will always be the war's pivotal event. Gettysburg has a special power of place. 7,000 Confederate casualties occurred during the inland phase of the campaign leading up to the siege, and Ulysses S. Grant's army captured 65 more cannons as his army pushed deep into the interior of Mississippi and compelled the evacuation of Southern strongholds at Snyder's Bluff, north of Vicksburg, and Warrenton and Grand Gulf, south of the city. People come to Gettysburg because the Civil War seems to represent a simpler time, when things were clear cut and easier to understand than they are today, as of July 2003.

Copyright of Wissens Management is the property of Nicole Lehnert - wissensmanagement and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Recounts the Battle of Iuka in 1862. Sterling Price's role in the battle; Price's opponent Major General William Rosecrans; Opinions on the ferocity of the battle.

The 1972 Amendments to the Economic Opportunity Act mandated that not less than 10% of the Head Start enrollment nationwide be made available to handicapped children. This article reports research evaluating the effect of the mandate during the first year of its implementation. The findings indicate reasonable progress in meeting the needs of the handicapped; however, labeling appears to have increased and serious problems remain in accommodating youngsters with severe disabilities. Recommendations for the enhancement of Head Start efforts on behalf of the handicapped are including a suggestion for reducing society's inclination to segregate or exclude children with major differences in development.

Although there has been much research on locus of control in both education and psychology, it has had little impact on current trends in special education. This article examines the concept of locus of control, particularly in relation to its possible effect on the mainstreaming of mildly retarded children. The relationship of locus of control to achievement and the promotion of internality in children are discussed. Implications for classroom implementation and further research are suggested.

Carbon dioxide emissions, on an equivalent energy basis, were calculated for 504 North American coals to explore the effects of coal rank and sulfur content on CO2emissions. The data set included coals ranging in rank from lignite through low-volatile bituminous from 15 U.S. states and Alberta, Canada. Carbon dioxide emissions were calculated from the carbon content and gross calorific value of each coal. The lowest CO2emissions are calculated for the high-volatile bituminous coals (198 to 211 lbs CO2/MMBtu) and the highest for lignites and subbituminous coals (209 to 224 lbs CO2/MMBtu). The lower CO2emissions from the high-volatile bituminous coals result in part from their generally higher sulfur content. However, even at equivalent sulfur contents the high-volatile bituminous coals give lower CO2emissions than the lower-rank coals. On average, the lowerrank coals produce 5 percent more CO2upon combustion than the highvolatile bituminous coals, on the basis of gross calorific value. This difference increases to 9 percent on the basis of estimated net calorific value. The net calorific value is better indicator of power plant energy production than the gross calorific value. The difference in CO2emissions resulting from the use of high-volatile bituminous coals and lower-rank coals is of the same order of magnitude as reductions expected from near-term combustion efficiency improvements. These results are useful to those interested in current and future CO2emissions resulting from coal combustion.

Education and psychology have not adequately scrutinized the belief that retarded individuals are inevitably the victims of negative self concepts. This article reviews the research in this area, focusing specifically on the use of self report nstruments with retarded children. Of significance to the current debate in education is the inability of such research to generate support for the segregated placement of children. In a general sense, however, the validity and standardization of most self concept scales are open to question and the findings which emanate from their use is, at best, inconclusive.

Features the Vicksburg National Military Park in Vicksburg, Mississippi. Background on the park; Details on tours at the park; Highlights of the park.

Presents the book `Van Dorn: The life and Times of a Confederate General,' by Robert G. Hartje. Description of Earl Van Dorn; Hartje's rendition of Van Dorn.

Focuses on Government Funding Corp., a division of CenFed Bank which lends to small businesses. Loans and services offered by the Small Business Administration which the company participates in; Interest rates.

Presents information on the small business loans that are offered by Government Funding, a division of CenFed Bank in Southern California which offers products, services and expertise to meet the financial needs of a small business. Description of the loans that are offered by Government Funding, which include Low Documentation Loans, Minority Pre-Qualifivation Piloit Loans and 504 debentures loans; Which loan will best suit your small business.

Ottmann: Novartis Corporation: Consultancy; Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Research Funding. Hofmann:Celgene: Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.