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Delayed gastric emptying is known to have a major impact on drug absorption. While the test meal recommended by the FDA and EMA to study food effects represents a worst-case scenario, it does not reflect the reality of the patients. Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models could bridge the gap between clinical settings of food effect studies and the diverse nonclinical situations by simulating the effect of meals with different compositions and volumes. A mathematical equation based on a stretched exponential function was reparameterized to describe the gastric emptying process of mixed solid meals. The model was fitted to literature data including the gastric emptying data of 23 meals from 15 studies. Using a multiple linear regression model, we were able to predict the two function parameters from the meal characteristics caloric content and the percentage of calories derived from fat. After implementation into the PBPK software PK-Sim, the model, together with a separate compartment for liquid gastric contents, was compared to commercially available software. The model is able to simulate the gastric emptying of mixed solid meals containing drugs based on specific meal characteristics. A second compartment allows for distribution between liquid and solid components and rapid gastric emptying along the Magenstrasse.

Augmented reality (AR) is increasingly being used to improve surgical planning and assist in real time surgical procedures. A retrospective investigation was conducted to study its feasibility in pediatric epilepsy surgery at a single institution.

This manual describes z-Tree (fischbacher 2007) and oTree (chen et al. 2016) implementations of the paper-based Social Value Orientation Slider Measure (SVOSM) by murphy et al. (2011). The z-Tree implementation includes both discrete and continuous (slider-based) versions of the SVOSM; the oTree implementation uses a slider-based version of the SVOSM.

Open resective surgery remains the main treatment modality for refractory epilepsy, but is often considered a last resort option due to its invasiveness.

•We study a situation in which different social norms prescribe different behavior, which may lead to normative conflict.•We study the dynamics of normative conflict in a repeated bargaining experiment.•We show how normative conflict may eventually be resolved by converging to a common norm and characterize the resulting social norms.•Convergence to a shared norm is likely in simple and complex situations, but unlikely in moderately complex situations.

Dieser Beitrag beschreibt die Entwicklung der Resonanz und Netzwerkeinbettung der KZfSSunter Berücksichtigung anderer deutschsprachiger soziologischer Zeitschriften in den letzten vierzig Jahren. Es werden Netzwerk- und Zitationsanalysen anhand des Web of Science präsentiert. Gemessen am Impact Factornehmen die KZfSSund die Zeitschrift für Soziologieheute eine führende Stellung im deutschen soziologischen Zeitschriftenmarkt ein. Geografische Netzwerkanalysen zeigen, dass die „Kölner“ sowohl international wahrgenommen wird als auch internationale Impulse gibt. Bei deutschsprachigen Standorten nimmt die KZfSSeine zentrale und „exklusive“ Stellung ein. Sie erhält flächendeckend Zitate, die jedoch selektiver an weniger Standorte gerichtet sind. Im europäischen und weltweiten Diskurs ist die KZfSSbreit eingebettet. Anhand der zitierten Quellen lässt sich feststellen, dass die Diskussionen in der „Kölner“ durch internationale Themen dominiert werden. Es scheint sich stärker um eingehende als ausgehende Impulse zu handeln. In der Fachkultur ist die KZfSSstark im soziologischen Fach verwurzelt. Zusammenfassend lässt sich die KZfSS als zentrales Forum für die Soziologie beschreiben. This article describes the reception and bibliographic embeddedness of the Kölner Zeitschrift für Soziologie und Sozialpsychologie(KZfSS) in comparison to the leading German sociological journals over the past 40 years. We provide citation and network analyses based on the Web of Science. The KZfSSand the Zeitschrift für Soziologieare the two leading sociological journals in the German sociological community. Geospatial network analyses show that contributions in the KZfSSare frequently perceived by researchers outside of German speaking countries, and discussions in international journals are picked up in the KZfSS. Among the German journals, the KZfSShas an exclusive role. The journal receives citations from many German universities, but the distribution of citations from the KZfSSto universities is much more selective and therefore skewed. The KZfSSis well embedded in the international sociological discussion. It can be shown that the discussions in the KZfSSare dominated by “international topics” and that these topics are more often picked up by the KZfSSthan set by it. Overall, the KZfSSis strongly rooted in the sociological discipline, which makes it a central outlet for sociological research in Germany.

Quantum computing promises to overcome computational limitations with better and faster solutions for optimization, simulation, and machine learning problems. Europe and Germany are in the process of successfully establishing research and funding programs with the objective to advance the technology’s ecosystem and industrialization, thereby ensuring digital sovereignty, security, and competitiveness. Such an ecosystem comprises hardware/software solution providers, system integrators, and users from research institutions, start-ups, and industry. The vision of the Quantum Technology and Application Consortium (QUTAC) is to establish and advance the quantum computing ecosystem, supporting the ambitious goals of the German government and various research programs. QUTAC is comprised of ten members representing different industries, in particular automotive manufacturing, chemical and pharmaceutical production, insurance, and technology. In this paper, we survey the current state of quantum computing in these sectors as well as the aerospace industry and identify the contributions of QUTAC to the ecosystem. We propose an application-centric approach for the industrialization of the technology based on proven business impact. This paper identifies 24 different use cases. By formalizing high-value use cases into well-described reference problems and benchmarks, we will guide technological progress and eventually commercialization. Our results will be beneficial to all ecosystem participants, including suppliers, system integrators, software developers, users, policymakers, funding program managers, and investors.