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The baobab trees (genus Adansonia) have attracted tremendous attention because of their striking shape and distinctive relationships with fauna1. These spectacular trees have also influenced human culture, inspiring innumerable arts, folklore and traditions. Here we sequenced genomes of all eight extant baobab species and argue that Madagascar should be considered the centre of origin for the extant lineages, a key issue in their evolutionary history2,3. Integrated genomic and ecological analyses revealed the reticulate evolution of baobabs, which eventually led to the species diversity seen today. Past population dynamics of Malagasy baobabs may have been influenced by both interspecific competition and the geological history of the island, especially changes in local sea levels. We propose that further attention should be paid to the conservation status of Malagasy baobabs, especially of Adansoniasuarezensisand Adansoniagrandidieri, and that intensive monitoring of populations of Adansoniazais required, given its propensity for negatively impacting the critically endangered Adansoniaperrieri.

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.04.021 Byline: Zhang Wu (a), Michael B.C. Khoo (b), Lianjie Shu (c), Wei Jiang (d) Keywords: Quality control; Statistical process control; Attribute and variable control charts; Attribute inspection; Average time to signal; Loss function Abstract: This article proposes a new np control chart, called the np.sub.x chart, that employs an attribute inspection (inspecting whether a unit is conforming or nonconforming) to monitor the mean value of a variable x. The distinctive feature of the np.sub.x chart is using the statistical warning limits to replace the specification limits for the classification of conforming or nonconforming units. By optimizing the warning limits, the np.sub.x chart usually outperforms the X chart on the basis of same inspection cost. In addition, the np.sub.x chart often works as a leading indicator of trouble and allows operators to take corrective action before any defective is actually produced. Author Affiliation: (a) School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore (b) School of Mathematical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800 Penang, Malaysia (c) Faculty of Business Administration, University of Macau, Macau, China (d) Department of Systems Engineering and Engineering Management, Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, NJ 07030, USA Article History: Received 31 May 2007; Accepted 17 April 2009

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2009.01.004 Byline: Zhang Wu (a), Jianxin Jiao (a), Zhen He (b) Keywords: Quality control; Statistical process control; Control chart; Time between events; Magnitude of event Abstract: While many control charts have been developed for monitoring the time interval (T) between the occurrences of an event; many other charts are employed to examine the magnitude (X) of the event. This article presents a single statistical process control (SPC) chart (called the rate chart) for simultaneously monitoring the time interval T and magnitude X based on the ratio between X and T. The new chart is more effective than an individual T chart, individual X chart, or a combined T&X chart for detecting the out-of-control status of the event, especially for detecting downward shifts (sparse occurrence and/or small magnitude). More profound is that, comparing with an individual T or X chart, the rate chart performs more uniformly for detecting both T shift and X shift, as well as the joint shift in T and X. The rate chart has demonstrated its potential not only for manufacturing systems, but also for non-manufacturing sectors such as supply chains, office administration and health care industry. Author Affiliation: (a) School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore (b) School of Management, Tianjin University, 300072, China Article History: Received 25 January 2007; Accepted 8 January 2009

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2008.10.007 Byline: M. Shamsuzzaman (a), Zhang Wu (b), M. Reaz-us Salam Elias (c) Keywords: Statistical process control; Control charts; Mean and variance shifts; Manpower deployment; Quality cost Abstract: This article proposes an algorithm for deploying manpower (equipped with adequate measuring instrument) to an X&S control chart scheme so that the resultant control chart (referred to as X&S M-chart) minimizes the expected total cost incurred in the implementation of the Statistical Process Control (SPC). The design algorithm of the X&S M-chart does not only optimize the deployed manpower, but also determine the sample size, sampling interval and control limits of the X and S charts in an optimal manner. Unlike the economic chart designs, most input specifications required by the design of an X&S M-chart can be easily determined by the practitioners. The results of a numerical study, as well as from an example, show that the X&S M-chart can reduce the total cost by more than 50 percent, on average, compared to the conventional X&S control charts. It is also found that, in most SPC schemes, the allocated amount of manpower is far less than needed and, consequently, the total cost can be significantly reduced if some managerial arrangement can be made to increase SPC manpower. Some useful guidelines are also provided to aid users in deciding the appropriate amount of manpower for a particular application. Even though the design algorithm is discussed in detail only for the X&S chart, the general idea can be extended to many other charts such as the joint CUSUM charts and joint EWMA charts for detecting mean and variance shifts. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, PO Box 27272, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates (b) School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 639798, Singapore (c) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dhaka University of Engineering and Technology, Gazipur-1700, Bangladesh Article History: Received 21 March 2006; Revised 27 June 2008; Accepted 10 October 2008 Article Note: (footnote) [star] This manuscript was processed by Area Editor E.A. Elsayed.

This article proposes an algorithm for deploying manpower to a statistical process control (SPC) system that monitors a multistage manufacturing system. The algorithm minimizes the expected total cost by optimizing the amount of allocated manpower in the SPC system (referred to as an M-SPC system), as well as the sample sizes, sampling intervals and control limits of the control charts. It also takes into account the probability distribution of the random process shifts at each process stage. Numerical studies show that the M-SPC system can reduce the total cost by about 75 percent, on average, compared to the traditional SPC system. It is also found that, in most of the traditional SPC systems, the allocated amount of manpower is far less than needed. This implies that the total cost can be significantly reduced with more manpower. Furthermore, the M-SPC system can be utilized and understood as easily as the traditional SPC system by shop floor operators. Some useful guidelines are provided to aid users in allocating the appropriate amount of manpower to different systems. Keywords. Quality control: Control chart; Statistical process control: Multistage manufacturing system; Manpower deployment: Loss function

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cie.2005.02.002 Byline: Sheng Zhang, Zhang Wu Abstract: This article studies the designs of the control charts with the supplementary runs rules (zone rules). It also investigates, compares and ranks 15 resultant control charts based on steady-state Average Run Length (ARL) that is evaluated by computer simulation. The in-control ARL.sub.0 values of the charts are made equal to the users' specified value. Numerous insights and new findings have been discovered, including: (1) The optimization technique can considerably improve the performance of the control charts with runs rules; (2) Some combinations of runs rules that exclude the basic Shewhart X chart have excellent performance, especially when sample size is small; (3) The relative effectiveness (ranking) of the charts is significantly influenced by the sample size and the required in-control ARL.sub.0, and incorporating the X chart with runs rules is effective only when the sample size is small; (4) The steady-state ARL of the charts with runs rules differs from the conventional zero-state ARL to some degree. Finally, the proposed design algorithm and the results of some studies provide the quality practitioners with a systematic approach to design the control charts with runs rules and to predict their performance in a production setting. Author Affiliation: School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore 639798 Article History: Received 20 January 2004; Revised 12 November 2004; Accepted 8 February 2005 Article Note: (footnote) [star] This manuscript was processed by Area Editor Elsayed A. Elsayed.

ABSTRACTThe expression of circRNA_FOXO3 was found to be positively associated with the expression of Forkhead Box O3 (FOXO3), which is targeted and regulated by miR-23a. Polymorphisms in rs12196996 and rs2232365 have been reported in various diseases. In this study, we recruited intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired sepsis patients and grouped them according to their genotypes of rs12196996 and rs2232365. Quantitative real-time PCR was performed to analyze the expression of circRNA_FOXO3, FOXO3 mRNA, and miR-23a. ELISA was carried out to evaluate the abundance of cytokines and luciferase assay was used to explore the inhibitory role of miR-23a on circRNA_FOXO3 and FOXO3. Accordingly, we found that rs12196996 GG and rs2232365 AA were significantly correlated with prolonged survival of ICU-acquired sepsis patients. Rs12196996 GG and rs2232365 AA were also correlated with increased level of miR-23a, IL-10 and decreased level of TNF, IL-2, IFN, IL-6 and IL-1β in the peripheral blood cell samples of patients with ICU-acquired sepsis. The luciferase activity of wild-type (WT) circRNA_FOXO3 and FOXO3 were severely reduced by miR-23a. MiR-23a precursors could effectively suppress the expression of circRNA_FOXO3 and FOXO3 in the cells. Moreover, LPS-induced cell viability loss and dysregulation of cytokines were effectively restored by the knockdown of FOXO3 or circRNA_FOXO3 siRNA in the cells. This study revealed that the minor allele of rs12196996 polymorphism and rs2232365 polymorphism collaboratively contributed to the increased survival and suppressed severity of ICU-acquired sepsis.

Metadherin (MTDH) is a well-established oncogene in various cancers including Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC). However, the precise mechanism through which MTDH promotes cancer-related signaling pathways in HCC remains unknown. In this study, we identified DDX17 as a novel binding partner of MTDH. Furthermore, MTDH increased the protein level of DDX17 by inhibiting its ubiquitination. We confirmed that DDX17 was a novel oncogene, with dramatically upregulated expression in HCC tissues. The increased expression of DDX17 was closely associated with vascular invasion, TNM stage, BCLC stage, and poor prognosis. In vitro and in vivo tests demonstrated that DDX17, a downstream target of MTDH, played a crucial role in tumor initiation and progression. Mechanistically, DDX17 acted as a transcriptional regulator that interacted with Y-box binding protein 1 (YB1) in the nucleus, which in turn drove the binding of YB1 to its target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene promoter to increase its transcription. This in turn increased expression of EGFR and the activation of the downstream MEK/pERK signaling pathway. Our results identify DDX17, stabilized by MTDH, as a powerful oncogene in HCC and suggest that the DDX17/YB1/EGFR axis contributes to tumorigenesis and metastasis of HCC.

Introduction Shewhart's[1] x-bar control chart has been used very widely in industries to detect the process mean shift. The ultimate aim is to reduce the number of scrap products falling [...]

Introduction Shewhart's and s (or R) control charts have been used very widely in industries to detect the process shifts. The two statistics to be inspected are sample mean [Mathematical [...]

Introduction Shewhart's [X Bar] and s (or R) control charts[1] have been used very widely in industries to detect two types of process shifts: the shift of mean value Μ [...]

The mean, or standard deviation, shifts of a process are classified into a set of modes, each of which is characterized by the shift magnitude and the occurrence probability. The effectiveness of control charts can be improved and the cost of statistical process control can be reduced if one is knowledgeable about shift modes. An approach for estimating shift magnitudes and occurrence probabilities of the shift modes is presented.

One x chart is capable of obtaining the same or more detecting effectiveness than the x and s charts combined. This is possible when there is a greater frequency of the mean shift than the standard deviation shift. The single scheme has wider applications since mean shifts are more dominant than standard deviation shifts in terms of frequency and magnitude. The single scheme attains higher detecting effectiveness of process shifts without increasing type I error. Thus, the design and maintenance of the s chart can be eliminated.

The paper studies the effects of new product rumors about the iPhone on the stock price of the Apple company. We scrape iPhone rumors from Macrumors.com, and obtain a dataset covering 1,264 articles containing 180 words on average between January 2002 and December 2015. Moreover, we construct a market-decided lexicon to transform qualitative information into quantitative data, and analyze what type of words and what information embedded in the rumors are apt to impact on Apple’s stock price. Unlike previous studies, we do not rely on the widely-adopted Harvard-IV-4 dictionary, as the coefficients of the words from the dictionary are neither significant nor consistent with their polarities, compared with our results. The paper obtains three main findings. First, the spread of rumors has a significant impact on the stock price. Second, positive words, rather than negative words, play an important role in affecting the stock price. Third, the stock price is highly sensitive to the words related to the appearance of the iPhone.

Porous carbon materials with chemical and thermal stability and high porosity have been widely used for volatile organic compound (VOC) purification. Designing granular carbon with remarkable adsorption capacity and rapid regeneration is of great significance for the capture of VOCs from high humidity air. Herein, a series of N-doped granular carbons were synthesized by direct carbonization of metal–organic gel (MOG). The N-doped granular carbons (C700 and C700K) feature high surface area, hierarchical pore, and abundant N,O multifunctional groups. The toluene adsorption capacity of C700K is highly improved (9.0 mmol/g toluene at P/P0= 0.1) in comparison with MOG (4.81 mmol/g toluene at P/P0= 0.1). The toluene breakthrough time of C700K is over 4 times longer than that of MOG at wet conditions (60% RH, 298 K), also much longer than that of widely used carbon materials, zeolites, and representative MOFs, including BPL activated carbon, coconut shell activated carbon, carbosieve, ZSM-5, and MIL-101(Cr). Furthermore, the N-doped granular carbons also exhibit excellent hydrophobicity and can be regenerated rapidly. The internal pore channel and desorption kinetics reveal that the effective diffusion length plays a critical role in the regeneration rate.

A 4Kg grade AlCoCrFeNi2.2 high entropy alloy was prepared by low vacuum medium frequency induction melting. The microstructure results showed that the microstructure and composition of the ingot were uniform. The microstructures were composed of primary Ni-rich FCC phase and eutectic structure. The eutectic structure was composed of Ni-rich FCC phase and Al-rich B2 phase. The hardness results showed no significant difference in Vickers hardness between different parts of the ingot, and fluctuated within the range of HV260 ± 20. The compression test results showed that there was no significant difference in compression performance between different parts of the ingot. The AlCoCrFeNi2.2 high entropy alloy had excellent compression performance, the yield strength reached 600 MPa, the fracture strength reached 2200 MPa, and the compression ratio was greater than 40%. Above all, the near-eutectic AlCoCrFeNi2.2 high-entropy alloy had the characteristics of good casting ability, high strength, good plasticity, and was easy to realize the preparation of large-volume non-segregation ingot.

Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) based mass spectrometry, MEMS mass spectrometry, emerges a new technique branch of miniature mass spectrometry. One of the main challenges hindering the development of MEMS mass spectrometry is the poor compatibility between the complex electrode structure of traditional ion optics and MEMS processes. This paper proposed a planar quadrupole mass filter utilizing a highly simplified stacked-layer structure and film electrodes, which is easy to fabricate with high precision by MEMS surface micromachining. The ion trajectory simulation model of the MEMS mass spectrometry chip involving all necessary ion optics was elaborated for investigating the preliminary performance of the planar quadrupole mass filter. By optimizing the crucial parameters such as the frequency of radio frequency voltage, the ratio of direct current voltage and radio frequency voltage, pre-pole length, main-pole length, and injection kinetic energy, the preliminary simulation result of planar quadrupole mass filter achieved a 1–2 Da peak width (at 50% of peak height) and 20–80% ion transmission efficiency. Importantly, the planar quadrupole mass filter demonstrated a maximum working pressure of 0.1 Pa (using air as the buffer gas), 100 times higher than that of conventional quadrupole mass filters, while maintaining a 0.7–1.8 Da peak width and ∼5% ion transmission efficiency. Additionally, to modify the theoretical formulas for the non-ideal quadrupolar field of planar quadrupole mass filter, a novel approach based on stability diagrams obtained by simulation was also introduced. The pretty good linearity (R2=1) between ion masses in the range of 10 to 100 Da and the corresponding radio frequency voltages was verified through the simulated mass spectra. Notably, the proportional coefficient of ion mass and radio frequency voltage exhibited a minimal 4% deviation between the simulated value (4.7132 V0P/Da) and the calculated value (4.9036 V0P/Da) through the modified formula. In conclusion, the preliminary simulation results demonstrated that the planar quadrupole mass filter possessed moderate performance, high-pressure tolerance, and excellent theoretical consistency, which proved it a promising technology of MEMS mass spectrometry. It can find applications in the fields of gas detection, including the rapid response to hazardous gas emissions and in situ detection of dissolved gases in the deep sea.

ABSTRACTMany studies have found that abnormalities in the proportion and differentiation of CD4+T cells (Th cells) are closely related to the pathogenesis of viral myocarditis (VMC). Our previous research indicates that the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway (CAP) attenuates the inflammatory response of VMC and downregulates the expression of cytokines in Th1 and Th17 cells. This suggests that the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway likely attenuates the inflammatory response in VMC by altering Th cell differentiation. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of CAP on CD4+T cell differentiation in VMC mice. CD4+T cells in the spleen of VMC mice were obtained and cultured in the presence of nicotine or methyllycaconitine (MLA). Cells were harvested and analyzed for the percentage of each Th cell subset by flow cytometry and transcription factor release by Western blot. Then, we detected the effect of CAP on the differentiation of Th cells in vivo. Nicotine or MLA was used to activate and block CAP, respectively, in acute virus-induced myocarditis. Nicotine treatment increased the proportion of Th2 and Treg cells, decreased the proportion of Th1 and Th17 cells in the spleen, reduced the level of proinflammatory cytokines, and attenuated the severity of myocardium lesions and cellular infiltration in viral myocarditis. MLA administration had the opposite effect. Our result demonstrated that CAP effectively protects the myocardium from virus infection, which may be attributable to the regulation of Th cell differentiation.

Through the flexural behavior test of coral aggregate reinforced concrete beams (CARCB) and ordinary Portland reinforced concrete beams (OPRCB), and based on the parameters of concrete types, concrete strength grades and reinforcement ratios, the crack development, failure mode, midspan deflection and flexural capacity were studied, the relationships of bending moment-midspan deflection, load-longitudinal tensile reinforcement strain, load-maximum crack width were established, and a calculation model for the flexural capacity of CARCB was suggested. The results showed that with the increase in the reinforcement ratio and concrete strength grade, the crack bending moment (Mcr) and ultimate bending moment (Mu) of CARCB gradually increased. The characteristics of CARCB and OPRCB are basically the same. Furthermore, through increasing the concrete strength grade and reinforcement ratio, Mcr/Mucould be increased to delay the cracking of CARCB. As the load increased, crack width (w) would also increase. At the beginning of the loading, w increased slowly. And then it increased rapidly when the load reached to the ultimate load, which then led to beam failure. Meanwhile, with a comprehensive consideration of the effects of steel corrosion on the loss of steel section and the decrease of steel yield strength, a more reasonable calculation model for the flexural capacity of CARCB was proposed.

Wear debris-induced osteolysis is one of the major reasons for subsequent aseptic loosening after cementless hip arthroplasty. Increasing evidence suggests that receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) ligand-mediated osteoclastogenesis and osteolysis are responsible for wear debris-induced aseptic loosening. In the present study, we explored the effect of amentoflavone (AMF) on inhibiting osteoclast generation and wear debris-induced osteolysis in vitro and in vivo. Twenty-four male C57BL/J6 mice were randomly divided into four groups: a sham group and groups with titanium wear debris treatment followed by intraperitoneal injection of various concentrations of AMF (0, 20, and 40mg/kg/day). Themicro computed tomography scanning and histological analysis were performed. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were cultured to investigate the effect of AMF on osteoclast generation and function. The results showed that AMF suppressed osteoclastogenesis, F-actin ring formation, and bone absorption without cytotoxicity. AMF prevented titanium wear debris- induced osteolysis in mice. AMF suppressed the relative proteins of NF-κB and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPKs) signaling pathways. Thus, the present study suggests that AMF derived from plants could inhibit osteoclastogenesis and titanium wear debris-induced osteolysis via suppressing NF-κB and MAPKs signaling pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThe binomial Exponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) control chart has been widely used as an effective tool for detecting small and moderate shifts in fraction nonconforming (p). This article presents a binomial EWMA chart employing a curtailment technique (abridged as Curt_EWMA chart) for monitoring p. The pshift is assumed to follow a Rayleigh distribution. It is found that the curtailment technique can improve the overall detection speed of the EWMA chart while maintaining the false alarm rate at a specified level. An algorithm is presented to find the optimal design of the Curt_EWMA chart. The results of the comparative study reveal that the Curt_EWMA chart outperforms the EWMA chart without curtailment by 41%, in terms of the average number of defectives, under different settings.

Single particle analysis can effectively determine the heterogeneity between particles based on the local information on a single particle, which is utilized extensively for monitoring chemical reactions and biological activities. However, the study of obtaining ensemble reaction information at the single particle level, which can obtain both the structural and functional heterogeneity of particles as well as the ensemble reaction information, is challenging because the selection of a single particle mainly depends on experience, which will lead to a certain randomness when analyzing the ensemble reaction with single particles. Using machine learning, it is demonstrated that the proposed intelligent single particle analysis strategy can provide single particle and ensemble analyses with high confidence. Convolutional neural network and Gaussian mixture model were utilized to develop a machine learning model for resonance scattering imaging analysis of plasmonic nanoparticles. It can identify the scattered light of single particles and select representative or diverse particles. When single particle scattering imaging is used to obtain ensemble information on the reaction, the error caused by the selection of individual particles can be significantly reduced by selecting representative particles. In addition, the real situation of the reaction can be better revealed by selecting diverse particles. These results indicate that the intelligent single particle analysis strategy has great potential for imaging analysis and biological sensing.

AbstractThe Shewhart X& R and X& S control charts have traditionally been used for detecting mean shift δμand standard deviation shift δσ. This article studies and compares the overall performance of the Xchart with that of the X& R and X& S charts, as well as the X&MR chart. The comparative study led to surprising results that contradict the conventional wisdom in Statistical Process Control (SPC) niche. It is found that the simplest single X chart (i.e., the Xchart with a sample size n = 1) is always the optimal version of the Xchart for detecting δμand δσ. Moreover, the single X chart even outperforms the joint X& R and X& S charts in overall detection effectiveness. On average, the X chart is more effective than the X& R and X& S charts by around 5% under different circumstances. Most importantly, the X chart is very simple to understand, implement and design. As a result, it may be highly preferred for many SPC applications, in which both the mean and variance of a variable need to be monitored.

Variable angle tow (VAT) describes fibres in a composite lamina that have been steered curvilinearly. In so doing, substantially enlarged freedom for stiffness tailoring of composite laminates is enabled. VAT composite structures have been shown to have improved buckling and postbuckling load carrying capability when compared to straight fibre composites. However, their structural analysis and optimal design is more computationally expensive due to the exponential increase in number of variables associated with spatially varying planar fibre orientations in addition to stacking sequence considerations. In this work, an efficient two-level optim isation framework using lamination parameters as design variables has been enhanced and general ised to the design of VAT plates. Explicit stiffness matrices are found in terms of component material invariants and lamination parameters. The convex hull property of B-splines is exploited to ensure point-wise feasibility of lamination parameters. In addition, a small set of explicit closed-form expressions is used to define the feasible region of two in-plane and two out-of-plane lamination parameters, which are used for the design of orthotropic laminates. Finally, numerical examples of plates under compression loading with different boundary conditions and aspect ratios are investigated. Reliable optimal solutions demonstrate the robustness and computational efficiency of the proposed optimisation methodology.

Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) has been identified as an independent risk factor for predicting all-cause mortality in patients with multiple diseases. However, the prognostic value of LDH levels in post-cardiac arrest patients remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the association between LDH and mortality in intensive care unit (ICU) patients after cardiac arrest. This retrospective observational study is based on data from the Dryad Digital Repository, which included 374 consecutive adult patients after cardiac arrest. Patients were divided into 2 groups based on median LDH values. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model was established to assess the independent relationship between LDH and ICU mortality. Cumulative mortality was compared using Kaplan–Meier curves. The cohort included 374 patients, of which 51.9% (194/374) died in the ICU. The overall death rate from cardiac arrest was significantly higher for patients with LDH ≥ 335 IU/L (59.6%) than for those with LDH < 335 IU/L (44.1%). In multiple Cox regression models, hazard ratios (HR) and corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for logLDH and the 2 LDH groups were 1.72 (1.07, 2.78) and 1.42 (1.04, 1.93), respectively. Participants with LDH ≥ 335IU/L had a higher incidence of ICU mortality than LDH < 335 IU/L, as shown by the Kaplan–Meier curves (P = .0085). Subgroup analysis revealed that the association between LDH and ICU mortality was vitally stable, with all Pinteractions from different subgroups >.05. Serum LDH levels are positively associated with ICU mortality in patients after cardiac arrest, especially for patients with LDH ≥ 335 IU/L.

This paper presents the parameters and assumptions of the hydrostatic guide rail in both ideal and actual working conditions, the simulate calculation of fluid-solid heat coupling field between gas film and the bearing surface is finished by Fluent based on finite volume method. By analyze and compare the results after post-treatment, we gain the effects caused by guide way’s structure and deformation on the formation of film pressure field, temperature field inside gas film, besides this paper also provides relate conclusions.

The water-based nanoTiN fluids were prepared by nanoTiN particles, dispersion medium and dispersant using a two-step method. The dispersion and rheology of nanoparticles in water-based fluid were studied under different preparation conditions. The dispersion and rheology of prepared nanoTiN fluids were evaluated and analyzed from the mass fraction of nanoparticles, mass fraction of dispersant and type of dispersion medium respectively by using the analysis of sedimentation stability and rheological properties. The results show that the above-mentioned factors all have different degree of influence on nanofluids’ dispersion and rheology. The viscosity of nanofluids increases with mass fraction of nanoparticles. A balance amount of mass fraction of dispersant will improve nanofluids’ dispersity and fluidity. The dispersion effect of deionized water is the best when the nanoparticles dispersed in different dispersion medium.

The nanoboron carbide particle size is 60nm, dispersed in RO reverse osmosis membrane treatment water form water-based nanofluid by adding the dispersant. In experiment, Water-based nanoboron carbide fluid has good resistance sedimentation stability when adding sodium carboxymethyl cellulose as a dispersing agent. Prepared three kinds of water-based nanoboron carbide fluid, the mass fraction of nanoparticles is 0.6%, 0.8%, 1.0%. By establishing a model of U-shaped tube, simulated the water-based nanofluids flow field in U-shaped tube using FLUENT, get velocity flow lines picture and pressure variation graph by CFD post-processing. From simulation results obtained: Water-based nanoboron carbide has good transmission fluid performance when nanoparticles mass fraction of 0.8%.

This paper mainly analyzes the single stand reversible rolling mill strip wandering mathematical model of electro-hydraulic servo system using MATLAB/Simulink and constructs electro hydraulic servo control system model. It carries on the simulation analysis of the quality of the electro-hydraulic servo system. Through the study of strip running deviation design of servo system , we understand of the principle of design of electro-hydraulic servo hydraulic system and the MATLAB simulation.

The dissolution mechanism of air and formation mechanism of bubble in the scopic-scale,and the change rule of the velocity and pressure of bubble in the rising process,made the theoretical analysis and explanation. Be based on VOF model,with the help of Fluent software,For the single bubble rising in the water by numerical simulation;The results show that liquid phase flow state is a key factor affecting the speed of the bubbles rise;Pressure difference is the main reason cause the jets and bubbles deformation.Through the above process in the rising process of the bubble velocity and pressure changes, and a detailed analysis of inquiry, the pressure and velocity of the bubble rising process show up more realistic.

Acoustics vibration detection is detected the displacement of post insulator by inspection the change of vibration state. Hoe to indentify the situation of insulator accurately from vibration signal is fate for acoustics vibration detection. According to analyzing the vibration date with statistics method, it is proved that the vibration frequency distribution of the same type of insulator follow normal distribution. Based on this conclusion, the identification frequency section has been set for identifying breached insulators.

This paper studies the on-line monitoring system of transmission tower stress.Firstly, it introduces the necessary of this system, gives its system architecture. Then it presents an algorithm to determine the stress sensors' installation points on the tower, which based on finite element analysis. Through calculating the stress distribution condition of different components of the transmission tower under typical working condition, these points with relatively higher failure probability in the transmission tower can be monitored by installing stress sensors on them. Finally, it uses a 500kV oxytropis tower as an example to show the algorithm flow.

In classic radial sampling scheme, angle intervals between adjacent straight sampling lines are the same. And so the coherence between the sampling matrix and the sparse matrix is high. Many pseudo-shadows will occur on the reconstructed image. For this problem, we put forward a novel sampling scheme in which the scan lines are placed in the manner of golden section angle interval. In the resulting sampling matrix, the scan lines scatter randomly on the whole. Experimental results demonstrate that the algorithm proposed in this paper has lower correlation coefficient between sampling matrix and sparse matrix than classic radial sampling scheme and random radial sampling scheme. Image can be accurately reconstructed by collecting less data than the other two schemes.

To establish the mathematical model of the system of high speed switch valve control the cartridge valve based on analyzing the working principle of the system,and then to analyze the impact of selecting different input signal of high speed solenoid valve and different duty cycle of PWM pulse width modulated signal through simulation software AMSEsim. The results obtained in the high-frequency performance is not very satisfactory, but in the low signal and moderate duty cycle, high-speed switch valve can be good linear control of the cartridge valve.

Composite insulators suspension clamp fractured of a high-voltage transmission lines in Yunnan. Through the broken suspension clamp conducted visual inspection, fracture examination, material analysis, finite element simulation to determine the cause of the accident and proposed improvements. For the electrical fittings defect detection and accident analysis provide reference.

This article are discussed Sliding Bearing for Turbine instability failure research status in detail; Gives the theoretical analysis On sliding bearing oil film instability failure mechanism, to further explore the oil whirl and oil whip manifestations and signal spectral characteristics. And analysis of the oil whirl speed changes the vibration characteristics of typical regions, given the time-domain waveform oil whirl and oil whip axis trajectory. Details of the turbine generator film and the main reason for the instability factors and made a film instability fault governance approach. It helped for Fault Diagnosis of Turbine film and achieving security and stability of Turbine provides technical reference.

Turbine blades crack problem is widespread. Combined with the characteristics of hydropower, analyzes the causes of cracks in the turbine, materials, design and manufacturing, operation and so on. Plant No. 6 in Little Bay machine as an example, were detected by macroscopic, chemical composition analysis, crack cross-section analysis, microstructure examination, crack source electron microscopy and spectroscopy to analyze the crack, the final cause of the crack is leaves the local area resonance, the resonance of the blade in the crater formed at the source of fatigue and fatigue development along at the source, the formation of fatigue cracks.

T Abstract here. This paper designs the transmission structures of an aerostatic guide way and makes a series of analysis respectively. With the use of friction drive theories, a transmission system which is composed by rods and oblique wheels is designed. After strength check and feasibility analysis of this transmission agent, ADAMS is adopted to do kinematics analysis successfully for this transmission agent. Finally related conclusions are made.

Now some special circuits need higher precision in relatively fixed range. While the precision of a common digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is equidistant, which means the higher the precision is, the greater the number of bits. The increase of number of bits will slow down the speed of converter. This architecture we present here aims at finding a way of solving the problem. It uses M bits of the N-bit DAC to adjust precision by changing the current of the voltage division circuit, which alters the range of the DAC to a certain extent.

This article designed a kind of magnetorheological high-speed on-off valves and made optimized design based on the nature of the magnetorheological fluid(MRF). ANSYS software was used to analyze magnetic field of the two different structures and get the magnetic flux lines distribution and flux density map. The simulation analysis results show that: optimized high speed switching valve, can reduce the loss of the coil and the rise of temperature, improves the life of the valve body, it also can shorten the switching response time and improves the reliability of the valve.

That the key components of Water-based hydraulic components are easy to wear down in the course causes sealing performance degradation and then arises leakage, which affects water-based component life and hydraulic system operational reliability. Considering the characteristics of ceramic materials, the ceramic method is applied to improve the key parts of water-based component, and then wear and failure mechanism analysis was done on ceramic water-based component.

this paper use the stepper motor as driver, designed the structure of a digital pressure relief valve of water-based hydraulic, and establishment mathematical model of the valve element cavitation flow field, simulated and analyzed the different the valve element cavity volume and rounded of water pressure relief valves cavitation flow field by use Fluent software. The results showed that: It can suppressed cavitation that appropriate increases cavity volume and reduced the spool fillet.

When monitoring a variable x in statistical process control, it is necessary to monitor both the mean and variability. Recently, it is found that, if both the mean shift δ µ and standard deviation shift δ σ follow the uniform distribution, many control charts with different complicacy are equally or similarly effective. This is referred as a performance equality property . However, the real distributions of δ µ and δ σ may not be uniform and the determination of these real distributions is very difficult. This article has shown that the control charts designed optimally based on the assumed uniform distributions of δ µ and δ σ are almost as effective as the charts designed based on the real distributions. Moreover, even if δ µ and δ σ follow non-uniform distributions, the performance equality property still holds. These results confirm that the optimisation design is an effective way to improve chart performance for any distributions of δ µ and δ σ .

The np chart and the binomial cumulative sum (CUSUM) chart are attribute charts that monitor the fraction non-conforming p . While the np chart is effective for detecting large process shifts in p , the CUSUM chart is more powerful for detecting small and moderate p shifts. This article presents an optimisation algorithm for the design of the combined np chart and CUSUM chart (the np-CUSUM scheme). This design algorithm not only optimises the charting parameters of the np chart element and CUSUM chart element, but also optimises the allocation of detection power between the two chart elements, so that the best overall performance can be achieved. The np-CUSUM scheme has the salient features of the np chart and the CUSUM chart. The performance of the np-CUSUM scheme is compared with that of other charts in a systematic and quantitative manner. The results show that the optimal np-CUSUM scheme always outperforms, or at least performs equally as, the individual np chart, CUSUM chart and binomial exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart by 222%, 5% and 11%, respectively, in terms of the average number of defectives ( AND ), under different conditions.

According to the requirements of hydraulic transmission to two-way cartridge valve, and from the practical point of view a water hydraulic two-way cartridge valve was designed. Then its structure characteristics was introduced and the mathematical model was established. The simulation analysis of the water hydraulic two-way cartridge valve has been carried out through Matlab/Simulink proving that its structure was reasonable and it had good performances.

Based on the rheological mechanism of magnetorheological fluid，we can design a kind of magnetorheological high-speed on-off valves,which used the Plug-in structure.It is shows that， through the static and dynamic performance analysis of the valves，the magnetorheological high-speed on-off valves not only has the good static, dynamic characteristics, compare to magnetorheological plug-mounted speed switch valve with traditional hydraulic, and with high speed of response, high stability, etc . It is an easy to achieve automatic control and intelligent control of the hydraulic components.

Aiming at solving the problems existing in a lifting device of electrolytic lead residual anode washing production line, this article proposes an solution on basis of the electro-hydraulic digital valve control system, then simulates the improved system using the software of MATLAB, the results show that the improved system has better repeat precision, simpler operation and maintenance and stronger anti-jamming capability by using the electro-hydraulic digital valve control technology; adopting the hydraulic cylinder as powerplant avoids the impact load during operation and gets a better control accuracy of the anode plate’ velocity and position; the high precision double cylinder synchro-control system is achieved by using the master-slave control strategy.

Base on the fluid dynamics，electromagnetism，Newton’s law and some other basic theories，the paper analyses the equations of motion and Bernoulli for nonmagnetic mineral particles in magnetic fluid. And apply these theories to establish the mechanical model for the nonmagnetic mineral particles in magneto hydrostatic static separation (MHSS). In MHSS, the particles would be stressed by gravity force, magnetic buoyancy, ordinary buoyancy, etc. The wedge-shaped magnetic poles can set up the magnetic buoyancy of which direction is straight up, and the levitation force could be stronger in ferromagnetic fluid. And it can be calculated equating normal buoyant weight to the magnetic buoyant force that any nonmagnetic substance can be floated in magnetic fluid. The paper also analyses some parameters that affect the separation result, such as the magnetic field intensity and the magnetic field gradient. These tasks may give some supports for MHSS applied in industrial.

It is a new trend to control landslide by using anti-sliding composite structure of micro-piles combined with other engineering measures. It has been applied in many engineer practices for its convenient, less cost, and high landslide stability increased obviously by the pressure grouting. The paper discussed formation lithology, geologic structure and hydrogeology features of Xining-Jiuzhi highway as an example, according to the specific circumstance of sliding zones in superficial layer and deep layer, we proposed a comprehensive landslide treatment, combined with anti-sliding composite structure of micro-piles, anchor cable frame reinforcing and inclined drain holes. On the basis of analyzing the effect and theory of consolidating the slide by anti-sliding composite structure of micro-piles, we adopted the numerical model of lagrange finite-difference analyzing the stability of landslides and the load-carrying properties of the reinforced structure before and afterwards comparatively. The calculated results and monitoring showed that: the landslides were stable, and the comprehensive treatment of using anti-sliding composite structure of micro-piles has met the expectant control effects.