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In order to achieve the purposes of better energy saving and lower fuel consumption under the condition in which load changes frequently and fluctuates dramatically, the energy-saving control strategy of power system is put forward in a hydraulic surface drilling rig. The structure of power system and working conditions of hydraulic surface drilling rigs are described. The mathematical models of the external characteristic for engine, variable pump, and air screw compressor in hydraulic surface drilling rig are presented in detail. Then the control strategy of power system and the fuzzy PID control algorithm to implement this strategy are proposed to control the engine speed in various working states. The simulation analysis and experimental investigation are carried out to study the fuel consumption in the typical operating conditions by using energy-saving control strategy. Results show that the energy-saving control strategy can reduce fuel consumption for the hydraulic surface drilling rig while ensuring that the system performance is not sacrificed.