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The bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosais an exceptionally resilient opportunistic pathogen, presenting formidable challenges for treatment due to its proclivity for developing drug resistance. To address this predicament, we have devised a self-assembled supramolecular antibiotic known as dHTSN1@pHPplus, which can circumvent the drug resistance mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosaand effectively combat Pseudomonas aeruginosainfection by impeding the secretion of key virulence factors through the inhibition of the type III secretion system while simultaneously mobilizing immune cells to eradicate Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Furthermore, dHTSN1@pHPpluswas ingeniously engineered with infection-targeting capabilities, enabling it to selectively concentrate precisely at the site of infection. As anticipated, the administration of dHTSN1@pHPplusexhibited a remarkable therapeutic efficacy in combating dual resistance to Meropenem and imipenem in a mouse model of P. aeruginosalung infection. The results obtained from metagenomic detection further confirmed these findings, demonstrating a significant reduction in the proportion of Pseudomonas aeruginosacompared to untreated mice with Pseudomonas aeruginosa-infected lungs. Additionally, no notable acute toxicity was observed in the acute toxicity experiments. The present study concludes that the remarkable efficacy of dHTSN1@pHPplusin treating drug-resistant P. aeruginosainfection confirms its immense potential as a groundbreaking antibiotic agent for combating drug-resistant P. aeruginosa.

While manipulation of rigid objects in the context of automated manufacturing has been well studied, there are few examples in the literature on how to handle the manipulation of nonrigid objects. One of the fundamental control challenges in manipulating nonrigid objects (e.g., films and fabrics) centers on the fact that the object inherently deforms during grasping and the object's center of mass also changes during manipulation. While pneumatic grippers are typically used in manufacturing applications for nonrigid objects today, their use remains fundamentally limited to planar manipulation due to the aforementioned challenges. In this article, we introduce a new approach for manipulating nonrigid objects by leveraging the effects of friction, reorientation, and a novel pneumatic gripper. We show that holding force increases with an increase in the orientation angle due to both reduction of depressurization within the suction cup, as well as the ability to leverage friction forces between the object and the gripper. The additional frictional forces present at the 90$^{\circ }$ case are also determined theoretically and experimentally for various films and fabrics. The paper further demonstrates the effectiveness of using reorientation up to an angle of 90$^{\circ }$ degrees during manipulation of nonrigid materials in the vertical direction. This article is the first step towards future work in real-time robotic controlled reorientation of nonrigid objects during dexterous manipulation.

IMPORTANCE: Moderate to severe atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that often requires continuous long-term systemic management. Long-term safety and efficacy data for treatment options are critically important. OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety and efficacy of dupilumab treatment for up to 5 years in adults with moderate to severe AD. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The 5-year LIBERTY AD open-label extension study was conducted from September 2013 to June 2022 at 550 sites in 28 countries. The study enrolled adult patients with moderate to severe AD who had participated in previous dupilumab clinical trials. Data were analyzed from August 2022 to February 2023. EXPOSURES: At enrollment, patients initiated a regimen of subcutaneous dupilumab, 200 mg, weekly (400-mg loading dose). The regimen was amended in June 2014 to dupilumab, 300 mg, weekly (600-mg loading dose) based on a dose-ranging study and again in November 2019 to dupilumab, 300 mg, every 2 weeks to align with the regulatory regimen approvals. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: The primary end points were the incidence and rate of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs). Key secondary end points included incidence and rate of serious TEAEs and adverse events of special interest, proportion of patients achieving an Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) score of 0 or 1 (clear or almost clear), and proportion of patients with 75% or more improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) from the parent study baseline. RESULTS: A total of 2677 patients were enrolled and treated in the open-label extension study; 1611 (60.2%) were male, and the mean (SD) age was 39.2 (13.4) years. A total of 334 patients (12.5%) completed treatment up to week 260. The most common reasons for withdrawal were due to regulatory approval of dupilumab in compliance with the study protocol (810 of 1380 [58.7%]), patient withdrawal (248 of 1380 [18.0%]), and adverse events (116 of 1380 [8.4%]). Exposure-adjusted rates of TEAEs were generally stable or declined throughout the study. Common TEAEs (incidence of 5% or greater) included nasopharyngitis, worsening AD, upper respiratory tract infection, conjunctivitis, conjunctivitis allergic, headache, oral herpes, and injection-site reaction. At week 260, 220 of 326 patients (67.5%) achieved an IGA score of 0 or 1 and 288 of 324 (88.9%) achieved 75% or greater improvement in the EASI. The mean (SD) EASI score was 16.39 (14.60) at baseline and 2.75 (5.62) at end of study. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this study, there was sustained safety and efficacy of continuous long-term dupilumab treatment for adults with moderate to severe AD.

There are no effective pharmacological treatments for sarcopenia. We aim to identify potential therapeutic targets for sarcopenia by integrating various publicly available datasets. We integrated druggable genome data, cis‐eQTL/cis‐pQTL from human blood and skeletal muscle tissue, and GWAS summary data of sarcopenia‐related traits to analyse the potential causal relationships between drug target genes and sarcopenia using the Mendelian Randomization (MR) method. Sensitivity analyses and Bayesian colocalization were employed to validate the causal relationships. We also assessed the side effects or additional indications of the identified drug targets using a phenome‐wide MR (Phe‐MR) approach and investigated actionable drugs for target genes using available databases. MR analysis identified 17 druggable genes with potential causation to sarcopenia in human blood or skeletal muscle tissue. Six of them (HP, HLA‐DRA, MAP 3K3, MFGE8, COL15A1, and AURKA) were further confirmed by Bayesian colocalization (PPH4 > 90%). The up‐regulation of HP[higher ALM (beta: 0.012, 95% CI: 0.007–0.018, P= 1.2*10−5) and higher grip strength (OR: 0.96, 95% CI: 0.94–0.98, P= 4.2*10−5)], MAP 3K3[higher ALM (beta: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.21–0.26, P= 1.8*10−94), higher grip strength (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.75–0.90, P= 2.1*10−5), and faster walking pace (beta: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02–0.05, P= 8.5*10−6)], and MFGE8[higher ALM (muscle eQTL, beta: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.06–0.11, P= 6.1*10−13; blood pQTL, beta: 0.05, 95% CI: 0.03–0.07, P= 3.8*10−09)], as well as the down‐regulation of HLA‐DRA[lower ALM (beta: ‐0.09, 95% CI: −0.11 to −0.08, P= 5.4*10−36) and lower grip strength (OR: 1.13, 95% CI: 1.07–1.20, P= 1.8*10−5)] and COL15A1[higher ALM (muscle eQTL, beta: ‐0.07, 95% CI: −0.10 to −0.04, P= 3.4*10−07; blood pQTL, beta: ‐0.05, 95% CI: −0.06 to −0.03, P= 1.6*10−07)], decreased the risk of sarcopenia. AURKAin blood (beta: ‐0.16, 95% CI: −0.22 to −0.09, P= 2.1*10−06) and skeletal muscle (beta: 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.05, P= 5.3*10−05) tissues showed an inverse relationship with sarcopenia risk. The Phe‐MR indicated that the six potential therapeutic targets for sarcopenia had no significant adverse effects. Drug repurposing analysis supported zinc supplementation and collagenase clostridium histolyticummight be potential therapeutics for sarcopenia by activating HPand inhibiting COL15A1, respectively. Our research indicated MAP 3K3, MFGE8, COL15A1, HP, and HLA‐DRAmay serve as promising targets for sarcopenia, while the effectiveness of zinc supplementation and collagenase clostridium histolyticumfor sarcopenia requires further validation.

To evaluate corpus callosum (CC) size in fetuses with malformations of cortical development (MCD) and to explore the diagnostic value of three CC length (CCL) ratios in identifying cortical abnormalities. This is a single‐center retrospective study in singleton fetuses at 20–37 weeks of gestation between April 2017 and August 2022. The midsagittal plane of the fetal brain was obtained and evaluated for the following variables: length, height, area of the corpus callosum, and relevant markers, including the ratios of corpus callosum length to internal cranial occipitofrontal dimension (CCL/ICOFD), corpus callosum length to femur length (CCL/FL), and corpus callosum length to cerebellar vermian diameter (CCL/VD). Intra‐class correlation coefficient (ICC) was used to evaluate measurement consistency. The accuracy of biometric measurements in prediction of MCD was assessed using the area under the receiver‐operating‐characteristics curves (AUC). Fetuses with MCD had a significantly decreased CCL, height (genu and splenium), and area as compared with those of normal fetuses (P< .05), but there was no significant difference in body height (P= .326). The CCL/ICOFD, CCL/FL, and CCL/VD ratios were significantly decreased in fetuses with MCD when compared with controls (P< .05). The CCL/ICOFD ratio offered the highest predictive accuracy for MCD, yielding an AUC of 0.856 (95% CI: 0.774–0.938, P< .001), followed by CCL/FL ratio (AUC, 0.780 (95% CI: 0.657–0.904), P< .001), CCL/VD ratio (AUC, 0.677 (95% CI: 0.559–0.795), P< .01). The corpus callosum biometric parameters in fetuses with MCD are reduced. The CCL/ICOFD ratio derived from sonographic measurements is considered a promising tool for the prenatal detection of cortical malformations. External validation of these findings and prospective studies are warranted.

The environment created during embryogenesis contributes to reducing aberrations that drive structural malformations and tumorigenesis. In this study, we investigate the anti-cancer effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) derived from 2 different gestational tissues, the amniotic fluid (AF) and the chorionic villi (CV), with emphasis on their secretome. Transcriptomic analysis was performed on patient-derived AF- and CV-MSCs collected during prenatal diagnosis and identified both mRNAs and lncRNAs, involved in tissue homeostasis and inhibiting biological processes associated with the etiology of aggressive cancers while regulating immune pathways shown to be important in chronic disorders. Secretome enrichment analysis also identified soluble moieties involved in target cell regulation, tissue homeostasis, and cancer cell inhibition through the highlighted Wnt, TNF, and TGF-β signaling pathways. Transcriptomic data were experimentally confirmed through in vitro assays, by evaluating the anti-cancer effect of the media conditioned by AF- and CV-MSCs and the exosomes derived from them on ovarian cancer cells, revealing inhibitory effects in 2D (by reducing cell viability and inducing apoptosis) and in 3D conditions (by negatively interfering with spheroid formation). These data provide molecular insights into the potential role of gestational tissues-derived MSCs as source of anti-cancer factors, paving the way for the development of therapeutics to create a pro-regenerative environment for tissue restoration following injury, disease, or against degenerative disorders.Graphical Abstract

This paper presented the thermal analysis of the 4 K cryostat of a self-developed 1.5 T conduction-cooled superconducting magnet in order to assess the cooling without liquid helium. Through a two-stage GM cryocooler and some solid thermal links, the NbTi coils achieved 4 K for superconducting state. Whole-body MRI requirements can be satisfied by the superconducting magnet's electromagnetic design, which has a large bore and a homogenous magnetic field. It will take about 278 hours to reach the lowest temperature of 3.73 K through precooling the 4 K cryostat with liquid nitrogen (77 K). Additionally, the FED method was used to evaluate the 4 K cryostat's temperature distribution, and it was determined that the temperature range of 3.99–4.12 K was enough for the magnet to operate safely. The analysis showed that the 1.5 T liquid-helium-free superconducting magnet was feasible and economical, which will be crucial in preserving helium supplies and lowering healthcare expenses.

Titanium-oxo clusters, with their robust structure and suitable optical and electronic properties, have been widely investigated as photocatalysts. Heterometallic Ti/M-oxo clusters provide additional tunability and functionality, which enable systematic structure–activity investigations to elucidate the reaction mechanisms and improve the catalyst design. Incorporating cerium into Ti-oxo clusters can provide additional redox (CeIV/CeIII) and oxygen harvesting ability, but to date, only a limited number of structurally defined titanium–cerium (Ti/Ce) clusters have been reported due to their synthetic challenges. Herein, we report the synthesis and photocatalytic properties of two structurally defined Ti/Ce-oxo clusters, Ti8Ce2(BA)16and Ti9Ce4(BA)20, as well as a TiCe-BA cluster with a calculated formula of Ti20Ce9O36(BA)42. Photocatalytic study of these clusters demonstrates that the amount of Ce3+species greatly impacts its photocatalytic oxidation performance, and their superior photocatalytic reactivity toward aerobic alcohol oxidation can be contributed to the synergistic effects of the multiple radical species generated upon light absorption. This work represents a significant milestone in the construction of stable Ti/Ce-oxo clusters, enriching the current library of known heterometallic Ti/M-oxo clusters, and providing a series of crystalline materials with great promise of photoluminescence and photovoltaic chemistry.

Psoriasis is a chronic, recurrent, inflammatory systemic disease that is not only characterized by skin manifestations but may also be accompanied by various comorbidities, imposing a heavy burden on patients’ physical and mental health and affecting their quality of life. Although the continuous approval of various biological agents for clinical use has provided more effective treatment options to patients with psoriasis, no consensus on the evaluation of comprehensive treatment goals has yet been established. The treat-to-target (T2T) strategy requires consideration of multiple dimensions of treatment outcomes, the development of long-term management goals, and regular assessments of treatment conditions, which are often used in the management of chronic diseases. Therefore, based on the latest consensuses and guidelines, research data, and clinical experience as well as the combination of survey results and expert group discussions, the present consensus focuses on 4 dimensions of short- and long-term integrated management goals for biological agents: alleviating skin lesions, improving quality of life, screening and managing psoriasis comorbidities, and ensuring drug safety. The implementation methods, evaluation time, treatment monitoring, and program adjustments are also herein described to achieve comprehensive management of psoriasis to the maximum extent. This consensus provides a reference for clinical practice.

Crustacean shellfish are major allergens in East Asia. In the present study, a major allergic protein in crustaceans, tropomyosin, was detected accurately using multiple reaction monitoring mode-based mass spectrometry, with shared signature peptides identified through proteomic analysis. The peptides were deliberately screened through thermal stability and enzymatic digestion efficiency to improve the suitability and accuracy of the developed method. Finally, the proposed method demonstrated a linear range of 0.15 to 30 mgTM/kgfood(R2> 0.99), with a limit of detection of 0.15 mgTM/kg foodand a limit of quantification of 0.5mgTM/kgfoodand successfully applied to commercially processed foods, such as potato chips, biscuits, surimi, and hot pot seasonings, which evidenced the applicability of proteomics-based methodology for food allergen analysis.

There are several challenging problems such as the usage of combustible and hazardous hydrogen sources and severe environmental pollution in the conventional reduction of aldehydes/ketones to alcohols. We report here a practical, safe, and green electrochemical reduction, which solves these problems to a large extent. Through an undivided cell, Zn(+) and Sn(−) as the electrode, tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBAC) as the electrolyte, water as the solvent and hydrogen source, a wide range of aldehydes and ketones are converted into the corresponding alcohols in mild conditions. Furthermore, the electrolytes and water can be recycled, and reductive deuteration can be achieved by simply using D2O as the solvent. Finally, the reduction can be smoothly scaled up to a kilogram level.

We have witnessed three coronavirus (CoV) outbreaks in the past two decades, including the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2. Main protease (MPro), a highly conserved protease among various CoVs, is essential for viral replication and pathogenesis, making it a prime target for antiviral drug development. Here, we leverage proteolysis targeting chimera (PROTAC) technology to develop a new class of small-molecule antivirals that induce the degradation of SARS-CoV-2 MPro. Among them, MPD2 was demonstrated to effectively reduce MProprotein levels in 293T cells, relying on a time-dependent, CRBN-mediated, and proteasome-driven mechanism. Furthermore, MPD2 exhibited remarkable efficacy in diminishing MProprotein levels in SARS-CoV-2-infected A549-ACE2 cells. MPD2 also displayed potent antiviral activity against various SARS-CoV-2 strains and exhibited enhanced potency against nirmatrelvir-resistant viruses. Overall, this proof-of-concept study highlights the potential of targeted protein degradation of MProas an innovative approach for developing antivirals that could fight against drug-resistant viral variants.

The direct functionalization of β-C(sp2)-H bonds in enamides has garnered increasing attention within the realm of organic synthesis. However, these remarkable advancements are predominantly dependent on transition metals; limited success has been achieved via organocatalytic catalysis. Herein, we report a CPA-catalyzed β-C(sp2)-H functionalization of enamides cascade intramolecular cyclization to synthesize the chiral dihydropyrimido[1,6-a]indoles bearing gem-difluoromethylene. Moreover, this methodology enables the synthesis of diverse chiral dihydropyrimido[1,6-a]indoles with outstanding enantioselectivities in moderate to high yields.

A novel and highly selective electrochemical method for the synthesis of diverse quinazolinone oximes via direct electrooxidation of primary amines/C(sp2)–H functionalization of oximes has been developed. The reaction is conducted in an undivided cell under constant current conditions and is oxidant-free, open-air, and eco-friendly. Notably, the protocol shows good functional group tolerance, providing versatile quinazolinone oximes in good yields. Moreover, the mechanism is investigated through control experiments and cyclic voltammogram (CV) experiments.

This article proposes the design and implementation of a 60-kW electric vehicle dynamic wireless power transfer (EV-DWPT) system. The system utilizes a dual transmitter and dual receiver (DTDR) structure, and one inverter to active two transmitter coils, which enables it to achieve high output power with low power electronic modules and reduce the number of inverters. In the proposed scheme, a unipolar inductor is integrated into the receiver coil, which has the advantage of higher power density. In addition, a protection circuit is added to protect the charging circuit and the battery, improving the reliability of the system. In the EV-DWPT system with DTDR structure, based on the system modeling and analysis, the coupler design method is given while considering both power and magnetic field exposure time. Moreover, a 54-m-long dynamic charge path was constructed and a 60-kW EV-DWPT system was tested to evaluate the system performance while presenting the practical implementation challenges encountered during the construction of the demonstration. The system operates at 85 kHz with a 20-cm air gap from the transmitter coil to the electric bus chassis. The dc/dc efficiency reaches 87.5% when the transfer power is 62 kW.

Paclitaxel (PTX) serves as a primary chemotherapy agent against diverse solid tumors including breast cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer and ovarian cancer, having severe adverse effects including PTX-induced peripheral neuropathy (PIPN) and hypersensitivity reactions (HSR). A recommended anti-allergic agent diphenhydramine (DIP) has been used to alleviate PTX-induced HSR. Desloratadine (DLT) is a third generation of histamine H1receptor antagonist, but also acted as a selective antagonist of 5HTR2A. In this study we investigated whether DLT ameliorated PIPN-like symptoms in mice and the underlying mechanisms. PIPN was induced in male mice by injection of PTX (4 mg/kg, i.p.) every other day for 4 times. The mice exhibited 50% reduction in mechanical threshold, paw thermal response latency and paw cold response latency compared with control mice. PIPN mice were treated with DLT (10, 20 mg/kg, i.p.) 30 min before each PTX administration in the phase of establishing PIPN mice model and then administered daily for 4 weeks after the model was established. We showed that DLT administration dose-dependently elevated the mechanical, thermal and cold pain thresholds in PIPN mice, whereas administration of DIP (10 mg/kg, i.p.) had no ameliorative effects on PIPN-like symptoms. We found that the expression of 5HTR2Awas selectively elevated in the activated spinal astrocytes of PIPN mice. Spinal cord-specific 5HTR2Aknockdown by intrathecal injection of AAV9-5Htr2a-shRNAsignificantly alleviated the mechanical hyperalgesia, thermal and cold hypersensitivity in PIPN mice, while administration of DLT (20 mg/kg) did not further ameliorate PIPN-like symptoms. We demonstrated that DLT administration alleviated dorsal root ganglion neuronal damage and suppressed sciatic nerve destruction, spinal neuron apoptosis and neuroinflammation in the spinal cord of PIPN mice. Furthermore, we revealed that DLT administration suppressed astrocytic neuroinflammation via the 5HTR2A/c-Fos/NLRP3 pathway and blocked astrocyte-neuron crosstalk by targeting 5HTR2A. We conclude that spinal 5HTR2Ainhibition holds promise as a therapeutic approach for PIPN and we emphasize the potential of DLT as a dual-functional agent in ameliorating PTX-induced both PIPN and HSR in chemotherapy.

Whether stem-cell-like cancer cells avert ferroptosis to mediate therapy resistance remains unclear. In this study, using a soft fibrin gel culture system, we found that tumor-repopulating cells (TRCs) with stem-cell-like cancer cell characteristics resist chemotherapy and radiotherapy by decreasing ferroptosis sensitivity. Mechanistically, through quantitative mass spectrometry and lipidomic analysis, we determined that mitochondria metabolic kinase PCK2 phosphorylates and activates ACSL4 to drive ferroptosis-associated phospholipid remodeling. TRCs downregulate the PCK2 expression to confer themselves on a structural ferroptosis-resistant state. Notably, in addition to confirming the role of PCK2-pACSL4(T679) in multiple preclinical models, we discovered that higher PCK2 and pACSL4(T679) levels are correlated with better response to chemotherapy and radiotherapy as well as lower distant metastasis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cohorts.

Developing a facile antisolvent-free method to prepare high-quality perovskite thin films is crucial for their applications in large-area image sensing. Herein, this work adopted methylammonium chloride (MACl) in the precursor to promote the nucleation and growth of FA $_{{0}.{7}}$ Cs $_{{0}.{3}}$ PbI3 perovskite thin films without using any antisolvent. It facilitated the formation of dense and uniform perovskite thin films with significantly increased light absorption and reduced trap states, thereby decreasing the contribution of trap-assisted tunnelling current to reverse-bias dark current density ( ${J}_{{dark}}$ ) and suppressing the photogenerated carrier recombination loss. As a result, the perovskite photodetector array exhibited excellent photodetection performance and good device uniformity, including high peak photoresponsivity of 0.35 A/W, low ${J}_{{dark}}$ of ${4}.{3}\times {10} ^{-{9}}$ A/cm2 at -0.1 V, high specific detectivity of ${1}.{0}\times {10} ^{{12}}$ Jones, and fast response/recovery of 0.97/ $6.63~\mu $ s.

Hypothermia remains a significant problem among very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. The use of occlusive polyethylene plastic bags immediately after birth has been proven to be effective for preterm infants to reduce hypothermia. This study aims to determine whether placing VLBW infants in plastic bags during transport reduces hypothermia. Study infants were randomly assigned to a standard thermoregulation protocol or to a standard thermoregulation protocol with placement of the torso and lower extremities inside a polyethylene plastic bag during transport. The primary outcome measures were axillary temperature before and after transport and the occurrence of moderate hypothermia upon neonatal intensive care unit admission. The 108 VLBW infants recruited into the study were randomized to the plastic bag (n?=?54) group or to standard group (n?=?54) and had similar baseline characteristics. VLBW infants in the plastic bag group had a lower rate of moderate hypothermia (3.7 vs 27.8%; risk ratio 0.10; confidence interval 0.02–0.46; P?

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is characterized by highly invasive growth, which leads to extensive infiltration and makes complete tumor excision difficult. Since cytoskeleton proteins are related to leading processes and cell motility, and through analysis of public GBM databases, we determined that an actin-interacting protein, zyxin (ZYX), may involved in GBM invasion. Our own glioma cohort as well as the cancer genome atlas (TCGA), Rembrandt, and Gravendeel databases consistently showed that increased ZYXexpression was related to tumor progression and poor prognosis of glioma patients. In vitro and in vivo experiments further confirmed the oncogenic roles of ZYXand demonstrated the role of ZYXin GBM invasive growth. Moreover, RNA-seq and mass-spectrum data from GBM cells with or without ZYXrevealed that stathmin 1 (STMN1) was a potential target of ZYX. Subsequently, we found that both mRNA and protein levels of STMN1were positively regulated by ZYX. Functionally, STMN1not only promoted invasion of GBM cells but also rescued the invasion repression caused by ZYXloss. Taken together, our results indicate that high ZYXexpression was associated with worse prognosis and highlighted that the ZYX-STMN1axis might be a potential therapeutic target for GBM.

Purpose: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in treating locoregional recurrent thyroid cancer (LRTC) after a 2-year follow-up time. Methods: PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library were searched from inception until 20 September 2022 to find studies reporting the safety and efficacy of RFA in LRTC patients after a 2-year follow-up. Two radiologists performed the data extraction and methodological quality assessment according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Results: We analyzed 6 studies, 229 LRTC patients with 319 locally recurrent tumors were treated with RFA. The mean follow-up time of each study was ≥24 months. The pooled changes in the largest diameter and volume were 7.22 mm (95% confidence interval (CI), 6.35–8.09 mm) and 164.28 mm3(95% CI, 87.78–240.77 mm3), respectively; the pooled volume reduction rate was 95.03% (95% CI, 87.56–102.49%). The total complete disappearance rate after treatment was 92% (95% CI, 83–100%). The pooled decrease of serum thyroglobulin levels was 0.02 ng/ml (95% CI, −0.00–0.04 ng/ml). The pooled proportion of recurrence rate was 6% (95% CI, 0–13%). The pooled complication rate was 5% (95% CI, 0–10%). The major complications were voice change and hoarseness, only one patient developed permanent vocal cord paralysis; minor complications were cough and pain. Conclusions: Ultrasound-guided RFA is an effective and safe treatment for LRTC based on 2-year follow-up results.

Tetracycline (TC) as a broad-spectrum antibiotic, is widely used in the prevention and treatment of various bacterial diseases. However, its abuse in the livestock industry may lead to interference in human microecology, thereby causing various side effects. In this study, deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were synthesized using l-(–)-threonine (l-(–)-Thr) and cerium nitrate hexahydrate (Ce(NO3)3·6H2O), and later lanthanum nitrate hexahydrate (La(NO3)3·6H2O) was doped to synthesize La–Ce hybrid nanorods. These nanorods can be used for the determination of TC with high sensitivity and selectivity by the colorimetric method. This approach has a linear response to TC between 0.05 μM and 10 μM, with a detection limit of 0.016 μM. In this system, good dispersion provides the substance with a distinct peroxidase activity, which is used to create a colorimetric sensor for detecting TC. Mechanism studies show that the superoxide radical generated by the La–Ce nanomembrane plays a key role in peroxidase catalysis. Finally, the practicality of the method was verified by the determination of TC in food products (milk, pork and honey), which demonstrated that a good recovery rate can be obtained (91.4–102%).

IMPORTANCE: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) has gained increasing interest as a minimally invasive procedure to treat low-risk papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Considering the indolent nature of this disease, studies in large populations with long follow-up would be invaluable to further substantiate the effectiveness of RFA. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the long-term (58.5 months) outcomes of patients with T1N0M0 PTC who underwent RFA and investigate risk factors for local tumor progression (LTP). DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: This cohort study included 1613 patients aged 18 years or older with T1N0M0 PTC who underwent ultrasonography-guided RFA between January 2014 and December 2020 at the Chinese People’s Liberation Army General Hospital in Beijing, China. Included in the analysis were patients with PTC (confirmed by biopsy) with a maximum diameter of 20 mm or less; no evidence of extrathyroidal extension (capsular disruption or involvement of perithyroidal tissue), lymph node metastasis, or distant metastasis on ultrasonography or computed tomography; and no evidence of an aggressive subtype of PTC on biopsy. Patients with PTC larger than 2 cm, less than 12 months of follow-up, or inadequate follow-up information were excluded. Data were analyzed in April 2023. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Long-term progression rate, disease-free survival, and complete tumor disappearance and their associations with patient and tumor characteristics. Disease-free survival was calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were performed to assess risk factors for LTP and complete tumor disappearance. RESULTS: The study comprised 1613 patients (mean [SD] age, 43.3 [10.2] years; 1256 women [77.9%]) with 1834 T1N0M0 PTC tumors. During a mean follow-up of 58.5 months (range, 27 to 111 months), LTP was observed in 69 patients (4.3%), including 42 (2.6%) with tumor recurrence and 27 (1.7%) with tumor persistence. Cumulative disease-free survival rates at 1, 3, 5, and 8 years were 98.0%, 96.7%, 96.0%, and 95.7%, respectively. The overall complication rate was 2.0% (32 patients), with 6 (0.4%) major complications. Independent risk factors for LTP included subcapsular tumor location 2 mm or less from the capsule or trachea (hazard ratio [HR], 3.36; 95% CI, 2.02-5.59; P &lt; .001) and multifocal tumors (HR, 2.27; 95% CI, 1.30-3.96; P = .004). Furthermore, 1376 patients (85.3%) showed complete tumor disappearance at follow-up ultrasonographic examination. Factors associated with complete tumor disappearance included age 40 years or less (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.70-0.87; P &lt; .001), stage T1a tumors (HR, 0.37; 95% CI, 0.31-0.45; P &lt; .001), and unifocal tumors (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.42-0.60; P &lt; .001). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: In this cohort study, ultrasonography-guided RFA for T1N0M0 PTC had excellent long-term outcomes. Patients with unifocal T1N0M0 PTC and subcapsular tumor location more than 2 mm from the capsule or trachea may be the best candidates for RFA.

Currently, commercial deep blue organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) using triplet-triplet fusion (TTF) type emitting materials can only capture 50% of triplet (T1) excitons, resulting in poor device efficiency. The utilization of nearly 100% excitons can be achieved by thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) and hyperfluorescence strategy with narrowband blue emitters. However, the presence of high-energy T1excitons in the emitting layer (EML) typically results in inevitable molecule degradation, thereby limiting the device’s lifetime. To address this issue, a TTF-hybridized local and charge transfer (HLCT) combinational molecule is investigated in this work, aiming to enhance the stability of highly efficient deep blue OLED by reducing the density of T1excitons within EML through multiple exciton recycling channels. The utilization ratio of triplet excitons in EML can be enhanced by recycling T1excitons through the TTF process and high energy triplet (Tn) excitons through the HLCT process. Moreover, the low doping concentration of the TTF-HLCT molecule in the TADF system can mitigate the efficiency loss caused by the quenching of T1excitons. Finally, a top-emitting OLED with an external quantum efficiency of 25.9%, Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) of (0.131, 0.050), and blue index of 312 cd A−1CIEy−1are realized. Besides, the lifetime T90@1000 cd m−2has been extended from 0.5 to 6.1 h. This work suggests the potential of the low doping concentration of a TTF-HLCT combinational molecule as a viable solution to address the stability issues encountered in deep blue OLEDs.

Land surface temperature (LST) and soil moisture (SM) are two important parameters in land surface ecosystem at the regional and global scale. The accurate acquisition of LST and SM can benefit various fields, including agriculture and climate which are closely related to human life. The independent retrievals of LST and SM from passive microwave observations are mutually restricted and highly dependent on auxiliary data. To solve this problem, a simulation retrieval method of LST and SM was proposed based on the characteristics of multifrequency and dual-polarization. The simultaneous solution of LST and SM was realized by approximating and correcting the radiative transfer equation (RTE). The performance of the proposed method was evaluated using simulated data, resulting in a root mean square error (RMSE) of approximately 1.63 K and 0.063 $\text{m}^{3}/\text{m}^{3}$ . This method was further used to retrieve LST and SM from advanced microwave scanning radiometer for EOS (AMSR-E) observations. The retrieved LST was compared to the MODIS LST product under clear sky, with an RMSE of 5.68 K. The retrieved LST was validated using the Integrated Surface Database (ISD) air temperature under cloudy sky, with an RMSE of 4.29 K. The accuracy of retrieved LST changes with the variation of vegetation. The retrieved SM was evaluated using the Climate Change Initiative (CCI) SM product and in situ observations. The result shows that the accuracy ranges from 0.0157 to 0.1115 $\text{m}^{3}/\text{m}^{3}$ with the change of vegetation. This study gives a feasible method to retrieve LST and SM simultaneously with reasonable accuracy.

The tutorial explores key security and functional safety challenges for Artificial Intelligence (AI) in embedded automotive systems, including aspects from adversarial attacks, long life cycles of products, and limited energy resources of automotive platforms within safety-critical environments in diverse use cases. It provides a set of recommendations for how the security and safety engineering of machine learning can address these challenges. It also provides an overview of contemporary security and functional safety engineering practices, encompassing up-to-date legislative and technical prerequisites. Finally, we identify the role of AI edge processing in enhancing security and functional safety within embedded automotive systems.

Recently, the field of Text-to-Speech (TTS) has been dominated by one-stage text-to-waveform models which have significantly improved speech quality compared to two-stage models. In this work, we propose EfficientTTS 2 (EFTS2), a one-stage high-quality end-to-end TTS framework that is fully differentiable and highly efficient. Our method adopts an adversarial training process, with a differentiable aligner and a hierarchical-VAE-based waveform generator. These design choices free the model from the use of external aligners, invertible structures, and complex training procedures as most previous TTS works have. Moreover, we extend EFTS2 to the voice conversion (VC) task and propose EFTS2-VC, an end-to-end VC model that allows high-quality speech-to-speech conversion. Experimental results suggest that the two proposed models achieve better or at least comparable speech quality compared to baseline models, while also providing faster inference speeds and smaller model sizes.

In order to suppress the crosstalk in gallium nitride (GaN)-based bridge configuration, this article proposes a novel high-frequency three-level gate driver (HFTGD), and the crosstalk suppression with switching frequency up to 5 MHz can be achieved. The capacitor–diode circuit generates a negative voltage to prevent the false turn-on of the device under the impact of positive crosstalk. Pulsewidth modulation generator works together with comparator circuit to rapidly clamp the negative voltage to zero level, thereby suppressing the negative crosstalk. In particular, HFTGD utilizes only two passive components to produce the negative voltage and also has the advantages of good high-frequency stability and adjustable negative voltage depth. The control signal of the zero-level clamp circuit is digitally implemented, resulting in a shorter clamp time and minimal impact on the switching speed of the GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT). In addition, only a single power supply and a single control signal are required for HFTGD, which reduces the cost and control complexity. The effectiveness of HFTGD for positive and negative crosstalk suppression is demonstrated in a double-pulse test based on GS66504B.

ABSTRACTUnintended effects of gene edit crops may pose safety issues. Omics is a useful tool for researchers to evaluate these unexpected effects. Transcriptome and proteomics analyses were performed for two gene editors, CRISPR-Cas9 and adenine base editor (ABE) gene edit rice, as well as corresponding wild-type plants (Nipponbare). Transcriptome revealed 520 and 566 rice differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the Cas9/Nip and ABE/Nip comparisons, respectively. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that most DEGs participated in metabolism of terpenoids and polyketones, plant–pathogen interactions, and plant signal transduction. It mainly belongs to environmental adaptation. Proteomics revealed 298 and 54 rice differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in the Cas9/Nip and ABE/Nip comparisons, respectively. KEGG pathway enrichment analysis showed that most DEPs participated in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolite and metabolic pathways.According to integrated transcriptomes and proteomics analysis, the results showed that no newly generated genes were identified as new transcripts of these differentially expressed genes, and gene edit tools had little effect on rice transcription levels and no new proteins were generated in the gene-edited rice.

In this study, high-crystallinity and small-particle-size Li2TiO3nanocrystals were prepared through the reaction between anatase TiO2and Li2CO3in a LiCl molten salt and ethanol medium. The Cl–ions reacted with TiO2to increase the solubility of TiO2and strengthen the dissolution–precipitation mechanism for Li2TiO3preparation. The particle diffusion process was found to be the rate control process for the adsorption of Li+ions. A porous spherical lithium ion adsorbent named HTO–PVC-PANn was prepared using a phase transformation approach. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC was modified with carboxyl groups as a binder, and poly(acrylonitrile) (PAN) was used as a pore former. The interaction between PVC and HTO and PAN was thus strengthened to improve the adsorbent stability. The developed HTO–PVC-PANn adsorbent shows excellent absorption capabilities, stability, and reduced dissolution loss.

Skeletal muscle mass and quality assessed by computed tomography (CT) images of the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level have been established as risk factors for poor clinical outcomes in several illnesses, but the relevance for dialysis patients is unclear. A few studies have suggested a correlation between CT‐determined skeletal muscle mass and quality at the first lumbar vertebra (L1) level and adverse outcomes. Generally, chest CT does not reach beyond L1. We aimed to determine whether opportunistic CT scan (chest CT)‐determined skeletal muscle mass and quality at L1 are associated with mortality in initial‐dialysis patients. This 3‐year multicentric retrospective study included initial‐dialysis patients from four centres between 2014 and 2017 in China. Unenhanced CT images of the L1 and L3 levels were obtained to assess skeletal muscle mass [by skeletal muscle index, (SMI), cm2/m2] and quality [by skeletal muscle density (SMD), HU]. Skeletal muscle measures at L1 were compared with those at L3. The sex‐specific optimal cutoff values of L1 SMI and L1 SMD were determined in relation to all‐cause mortality. The outcomes were all‐cause death and cardiac death. Cox regression models were applied to investigate the risk factors for death. A total of 485 patients were enrolled, of whom 257 had both L1 and L3 images. Pearson's correlation coefficient between L1 and L3 SMI was 0.84 (P< 0.001), and that between L1 and L3 SMD was 0.90 (P< 0.001). No significant association between L1 SMI and mortality was observed (P> 0.05). Low L1 SMD (n= 280, 57.73%) was diagnosed based on the optimal cutoff value (<39.56 HU for males and <33.06 HU for females). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the low L1 SMD group had higher risks of all‐cause death (hazard ratio 1.80; 95% confidence interval 1.05–3.11, P= 0.034) and cardiac death (hazard ratio 3.74; 95% confidence interval 1.43–9.79, P= 0.007). In initial‐dialysis patients, there is high agreement between the L1 and L3 measures for SMI and SMD. Low SMD measured at L1, but not low SMI, is an independent predictor of both all‐cause death and cardiac death.

A livestock sensor network (LSN) is widely used for livestock monitoring, which can improve the intelligence level of livestock farming. Facing the mobility of sensor nodes in LSNs, better clustering schemes and routing are considered as a solution to provide high quality of service for the system. However, finding routing and clustering schemes is proved to be an NP-hard problem in the study. Therefore, a groundbreaking approach has been introduced, known as Chaos Adaptive Sparrow Swarm Optimization Algorithm and Multiobjective Elite Ant Colony Search (CASSA-MEACS). It effectively addresses the routing and clustering challenges associated with the LSN. The innovative methodology of CASSA-MEACS intelligently reduces the energy consumption of sensor nodes, leading to a substantial extension of the system's lifespan. Moreover, it enhances the data transmission capacity and greatly reduces data packet loss in the LSN. In the scenario of simulation experiments of the LSN, CASSA-MEACS is compared with the current state-of-the-art well-known solutions, namely energy-efficient hybrid clustering and hierarchical routing (EEHCHR), seagull-optimization-algorithm-based energy-aware cluster routing protocol, and PSOLB-EGT. Among them, the CASSA-MEACS proposed in this article outperforms the above three state-of-the-art algorithms in terms of system lifetime by 30%, 22%, and 14%, respectively. The experimental results clearly demonstrate that, when compared to the existing algorithms, CASSA-MEACS achieves remarkable reductions in system energy consumption, significant extensions in system lifespan, improved throughput, and lower packet loss rates.

The transmission of most respiratory pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2, occurs via virus-containing respiratory droplets, and thus, factors that affect virus viability in droplet residues on surfaces are of critical medical and public health importance. Relative humidity (RH) is known to play a role in virus survival, with a U-shaped relationship between RH and virus viability. The mechanisms affecting virus viability in droplet residues, however, are unclear. This study examines the structure and evaporation dynamics of virus-containing saliva droplets on fomites and their impact on virus viability using four model viruses: vesicular stomatitis virus, herpes simplex virus 1, Newcastle disease virus, and coronavirus HCoV-OC43. The results support the hypothesis that the direct contact of antiviral proteins and virions within the “coffee ring” region of the droplet residue gives rise to the observed U-shaped relationship between virus viability and RH. Viruses survive much better at low and high RH, and their viability is substantially reduced at intermediate RH. A phenomenological theory explaining this phenomenon and a quantitative model analyzing and correlating the experimentally measured virus survivability are developed on the basis of the observations. The mechanisms by which RH affects virus viability are explored. At intermediate RH, antiviral proteins have optimal influence on virions because of their largest contact time and overlap area, which leads to the lowest level of virus activity.

Wireless power transfer (WPT) systems are a kind of high-order, highly nonlinear, time-delay systems. The conventional circuit theory-based methods for modeling the system result in high-order models, so it may not be efficient in digital implementation, especially on cost-sensitive microcontrollers. Besides, the time delay will impair the feedback performance of the system, and even lead to closed-loop instability under incorrectly compensated. To solve the abovementioned problems, this article proposes to infer a low-order model for the system based on sampled data and then use this model to design the control system. More precisely, the proposed methodology consists of two steps. In the first step, a parsimonious modeling method is proposed to yield a low-order model of Hammerstein type plus time delay, which makes it possible to simulate the model response in a cost-sensitive microcontroller. Then, based on the model obtained in the previous step, the internal model control (IMC) is adopted to design the closed-loop control system. Benefiting from the accurate prediction provided by the model, the closed-loop controller can mitigate the effect of the time delay and track the set value quickly. Finally, experimental and comparative results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

User alignment across online social network platforms (OSNPs) is a growing concern with the rapid development of internet technology. In reality, users tend to register different accounts on multiple OSNPs, and the network platforms are reluctant to share network structure and user’s information due to business interest and privacy protection, which brings great obstacles to cross-platform user alignment. In view of this, we propose a homomorphic encryption-based social network alignment (HE-SNA) algorithm from the perspective of privacy leakage. Specifically, we first consider the OSNPs as a system containing multiple social networks, that each participant of OSNPs owns part of the network, i.e., a separate private sub-network. Then, encryption, fusion and decryption operations of the alignment information are performed by two third-party servers using HE scheme, which can protect the privacy information of sub-networks effectively. Finally, each sub-network uses the fused alignment information sent back from the third-party server for user alignment. Experimental results show that the HE-SNA method can provide a sum of locally trained models to third-party servers without leaking the privacy of any single sub-network. Moreover, the HE-SNA achieves a promising network alignment performance than only using the structural information and alignment data of single private sub-network while protecting its topology structure information.

Gripping and manipulating non-rigid and porous objects is an important challenge for manufacturing. Now there are many problems in handling textile materials from a stack or oriented in space. Therefore, the paper presents the design of an improved Bernoulli gripping device with an anti-vibration insert. The inventive gripper structure allows gripping and manipulating textile materials and partially eliminates the shortcomings present in the classic design of the gripper. A technique for theoretical modeling of a gripping device for textile materials has been developed. This made it possible to determine the rational parameters of the gripping device in terms of maximum attraction. Experimental study of power characteristics of gripping device for textile materials has been carried out. The choice of the thickness of the anti-vibration insert made by the 3D printing method is justified. The advantages of the design include enabling gripping of textile materials of manipulation at different position, orientation and from a longer distance. Influence of supply pressure on the beginning of object vibration is analyzed. Parameters of anti-vibration insert are defined for the operation of gripper without object vibration. Note to Practitioners—This paper was motivated by the problem of gripping and holding textile materials during manufacturing. There are many approaches to gripping a piece of textile material that have high energy consumption or can damage it. This paper proposes the design of the gripper that uses compressed air to lift the textile material at different orientations. Using the proposed theoretical model, one can calculate the lifting force of the gripper at different porosity of the material. Knowing the mass of the material, one can determine which parameters to choose for the gripper based on experimental results. Positive results are highlighted in the capture of porous objects without the loss of force at different orientations. Negative aspects are shown in the formation of vibration of the material when reaching a certain pressure level in the gripper. Future research plans to improve the design of the gripper by modeling the gripper using the finite element method and proposing effective methods of manipulating textile materials.

Heart failure (HF) is a disease with high mortality and morbidity rate. Autophagy is critically implicated in HF progression. The current research was designed to investigate the function of Dioscin on oxidative stress, autophagy, and apoptosis in HF. In this study, doxorubicin (Dox) was employed to induce HF model and HL‐1 cell damage model. Echocardiography implied that Dioscin could dramatically relieve heart function in vivo. Western blotting determined that Dioscin treatment reversed the promotive effect of autophagy caused by Dox through modulating levels of key autophagy‐associated molecules, including Atg5 and Beclin1. Dioscin also impaired apoptosis by regulating apoptosis‐related protein, including Bcl‐2 and cleaved caspase‐3 following Dox treatment in vivo and in vitro. Furthermore, the impacts of Dioscin were mediated by upregulation of PDK1‐mediated Akt/mTOR signaling. The mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin) could counteract the therapeutic impact of Dioscin in vitro. Taken together, Dioscin could relieve cardiac function through blocking apoptosis and autophagy by activating the PDK1‐elicited Akt/mTOR pathway.

Fusarium oxysporumis the primary pathogen of blueberry root rot; furthermore, we found that Fusarium communecan also cause root rot in blueberries. Trichodermaspp. is widely used to control plant diseases. We isolated Trichoderma asperellum(TM11) from blueberry rhizosphere soil to explore its control effect and mechanism on F. oxysporumand F. commune. We found that the inhibitory effects of TM11 volatiles and broth metabolites on F. oxysporumwere significant, but only F. communevolatile metabolites had a significant inhibitory effect on its growth. Twelve known antimicrobial metabolites were detected from the methanol extract of TM11 fermentation broth by HPLC-MS. TM11 lysed and coiled around the hyphae of F. oxysporumand F. commune. The pot experiment showed that TM11 had significant control effects against F. oxysporumand F. commune, and inoculation of TM11 prior to that of F. oxysporumand F. communewas more effective. The TM11, TM11 and F. oxysporum, or F. communeand distilled water treatments had different effects on the activities of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase, and the enzyme activity levels exhibited the following order: TM11 > TM11 and F. oxysporumor F. commune> distilled water. The results showed that TM11 provided effective control of blueberry root rot.

Purpose: The Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope is China’s first X-ray astronomy satellite launched on June 15, 2017, dubbed Insight-HXMT. Active and passive thermal control measures are employed to keep devices at suitable temperatures. In this paper, we analyzed the on-orbit thermal monitoring data of the first 5 years and investigated the effect of thermal deformation on the point spread function (PSF) of the telescopes. Methods: We examined the data of the on-orbit temperatures measured using 157 thermistors placed on the collimators, detectors and their support structures and compared the results with the thermal control requirements. The thermal deformation was evaluated by the relative orientation of the two star sensors installed on the main support structure. Its effect was estimated with evolution of the PSF obtained with calibration scanning observations of the Crab nebula. Conclusion: The on-orbit temperatures met the thermal control requirements thus far, and the effect of thermal deformation on the PSF was negligible after the on-orbit pointing calibration.

Mental time travel (MTT) is the ability to project oneself to the past or future through mental simulation. Moreover, MTT can involve self‐related or other‐related information. This study aimed to compare MTT in individuals with high levels of schizotypy and that in their counterparts with low levels of schizotypy. Participants with high (n= 37) and low (n= 37) levels of schizotypy completed an MTT task with four conditions [2 (Condition: self vs. other) × 2 (Time orientation: past vs. future)]. They were required to recall past events that had happened to themselves or to a non‐intimate person, and to imagine possible future events that might happen to themselves or to a non‐intimate person, related to cue words. Outcome measures included specificity, vividness, sense of experience, emotional valence, emotional intensity, proportion of first‐person visual perspective in events, and difficulty in event generation. A 2 (Group: high vs. low levels of schizotypy) × 2 (Condition) × 2 (Time orientation) mixed analysis of variance was conducted on each index. Results showed that self‐related MTT was more specific than other‐related MTT in low levels of schizotypy participants but not in high levels of schizotypy participants. Participants with a high level of schizotypy reported fewer specific events, and reported events with lower vividness and positive emotion than did those with a low level of schizotypy. Self‐related MTT showed higher levels of phenomenological characteristics than did other‐related MTT. In conclusion, individuals with a high level of schizotypy have altered MTT, and cannot benefit from the self‐advantage effect on the specificity of MTT.