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Calbindin modulates intracellular Ca2+dynamics and synaptic plasticity. Reduction of hippocampal calbindin levels has been implicated in early-life stress-related cognitive disorders, but it remains unclear how calbindin in distinct populations of hippocampal neurons contributes to stress-induced memory loss. Here we report that early-life stress suppressed calbindin levels in CA1 and dentate gyrus (DG) neurons, and calbindin knockdown in adult CA1 or DG excitatory neurons mimicked early-life stress-induced memory loss. In contrast, calbindin knockdown in CA1 interneurons preserved long-term memory even after an acute stress challenge. These results indicate that the dysregulation of calbindin in hippocampal excitatory, but not inhibitory, neurons conveys susceptibility to stress-induced memory deficits. Moreover, calbindin levels were downregulated by early-life stress through the corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1-nectin3 pathway, which in turn reduced inositol monophosphatase levels. Our findings highlight calbindin as a molecular target of early-life stress and an essential substrate for memory.

This paper investigated the dynamic response of rectangular prestressed membrane subjected to uniform impact load theoretically and experimentally. The dynamic response proceeds in two stages, namely, forced vibration and free vibration. Firstly, the maximal displacement for forced vibration is obtained by means of the principle of minimum potential energy based on the theoretical model proposed. Then, equations of motion for the transverse free vibration are derived based on thin-plate theory, and simplified by using Galerkin method. Consequently, the analytic solutions of dynamic parameters, such as frequency, displacement, amplitude, velocity, and acceleration, for free vibration are obtained by means of the multiple-scale perturbation method. In order to identify the reliability of theoretical model, the corresponding experimental study is carried out based on the developed experimental system. Furthermore, the effects of pretension force and load on the dynamic response of membrane are discussed, respectively. The present work provides a theoretical model to calculate the dynamic response of prestressed membrane subjected to uniform impact load, and a set of experimental system to study this problem.

Age classification based on facial images is attracting wide attention with its broad application to human-computer interaction (HCI). Since human senescence is a tremendously complex process, age classification is still a highly challenging issue. In our study, Local Directional Pattern (LDP) and Gabor wavelet transform were used to extract global and local facial features, respectively, that were fused based on information fusion theory. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method was used for dimensionality reduction of the fused features, to obtain a lower-dimensional age characteristic vector. A Support Vector Machine (SVM) multi-class classifier with Error Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) was proposed in the paper. This was aimed at multi-class classification problems, such as age classification. Experiments on a public FG-NET age database proved the efficiency of our method.