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ABSTRACTA complex supply chain can improve the economic benefits of an enterprise to a certain extent, whereas its vulnerability also occurs. How to select resilient suppliers to improve enterprise risk resistance has become hot issue in supply chain management. Furthermore, due to the complexity of the supply chain and the instability of the market, the supplier selection in different periods and customer demands is dynamic. We use the best-worst approach to model the initial selection of suppliers taking into account risk factors. Based on this result, our study applies the fuzzy multi-criteria decision method to establish a multi-objective model that aims to solve the problem of dynamic supplier selection considering resilient criteria. We apply the improved wolf pack algorithm to measure the optimal order allocation strategy between profit and pollution. The supplier selection and order allocation of new energy vehicle manufacturing companies are used as a case study for verification. The results show the multi-objective model of supplier selection considering risk and resilience factors is feasible, and the dual-objective model of supplier selection and order allocation considering different demands in different periods are effective. Compared with the original algorithm, the improved Wolf pack algorithm has better comprehensive performance.

Evaluating the water resources spatial equilibrium (WRSE) is the foundation for scientifically planning the construction of an optimized water resource allocation system and achieving the high-standard development of the China Water Network Project. To elucidate the characteristics of WRSE variation in Ulanqab City, this study explored a novel WRSE assessment model based on connection number and the subtraction set pair potential method. The results indicate that: (1) there exists a mismatch between the distribution of water resources in Ulanqab City and its socio-economic development. In 2020, the Gini coefficients of water resources total quantity concerning resident population, gross domestic product (GDP), industrial output value, and irrigated land area were 0.48, 0.48, 0.51, and 0.28, respectively. (2) From 2011 to 2020, the overall WRSE level in Ulanqab City showed an increasing trend year by year. Among them, the WRSE levels in six counties improved, while Jining District consistently remained at a low equilibrium state due to the prominent contradiction between water supply and demand. (3) In the future, Ulanqab City can further enhance the WRSE level by promoting the reuse of recycled water, intensifying groundwater pollution control, and implementing a quota management system for agricultural water use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the old cement concrete pavement continues to be used for widening, compared with the new construction, there are some prominent challenges, such as non-uniform support of the new and old subgrades, additional settlement of the old subgrade caused by the widened new subgrade, and gap between the tie-bar added to the old pavement slab and the concrete. To reveal the difference in the mechanical behaviour of the widened and new cement concrete pavement structures under vehicle load, a finite element model of the cement concrete pavement widening is established with the use of KENSLABS computer programme. The influence weight of non-uniform support of old and new subgrades, additional settlement of new subgrade to old subgrade and gap between tie-bar added within old pavement slab and concrete on deflection in cement concrete pavement widening is clarified, and the control measures for the deflection are proposed.

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are functional RNAs in the development and metabolism of non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therein, this paper particularly elucidated the circRNA SEC61 subunit alpha isoform 1 (circSEC61A1) in NSCLC has not been fully elucidated. Clinical analysis of circSEC61A1 expression was performed on specimens collected from 51 patients with primary NSCLC, together with patients' survival. Cell experiments were performed after interfering with circSEC61A1, microRNA (miR)‐513a‐5p, and peroxisomal biogenesis factor 5 (PEX5) expression, respectively, and cell malignant phenotypes and aerobic glycolysis were evaluated, as well as epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition (EMT)‐related markers and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway. Xenografts experiments studied the performance of circSEC61A1 in vivo. The downstream molecules of circSEC61A1 were searched. Our data demonstrated that circSEC61A1 was upregulated in NSCLC patients, showing an association with poorer survival outcomes. In cell experiments, circSEC61A1 overexpression promoted NSCLC malignant phenotypes, glycolysis, EMT, and Wnt/β‐catenin pathway activation, whereas circSEC61A1 underexpression did the opposite. Knockdown of circSEC61A1 limited tumor growth and metastasis. Furthermore, circSEC61A1 could regulate PEX5expression through competitive absorption of miR‐513a‐5p. Generally, circSEC61A1 is a potential biomarker for NSCLC, and circSEC61A1 serves tumor‐promoting action in the progression of NSCLC.

AbstractThe selection of structural strength indicators is of utmost importance for slope engineering safety. This paper, with the backdrop of the destruction of high liquid limit clay layers in the Huai River slope, aims to investigate the influence of dry-wet (D-W) cycles on the structural and mechanical properties of undisturbed high liquid limit clay. Through unconfined compression tests, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) tests, and triaxial shear tests, the structural behavior, stress-strain curves, porewater pressure-strain curves, and effective stress paths of undisturbed samples taken at three different angles and reconstituted samples were analyzed under the condition of maximum drying stress with 0 and 1 D-W cycle. Based on the impact of D-W cycles on the effective stress path, the shear failure mode of structurally high liquid limit clay under the influence of D-W cycles was identified. A method for evaluating the anisotropic level of structural clay after experiencing D-W cycles was proposed. The test results show that compared with reconstructed soil, the undisturbed high liquid limit clay with structure is more significantly affected by the D-W cycle. After D-W cycles, the CU shear strength of high liquid limit clay increased significantly. The failure mode transitioned from a hardening-shear dilation mode to a softening-partial shear contraction-partial shear dilation mode. The appearance of the phase transition state (PTS) point may be attributed to the partial action of effective stress on cracks inside the sample, resulting in shear contraction. D-W cycles weakened the structural properties (anisotropy) of high liquid limit clay.

ABSTRACTBackgroundRotavirus infections, prevalent in human populations, are caused mostly by group A viruses. Immunization against rotaviruses in infancy is currently the most effective and economical strategy to prevent rotavirus infection. This study evaluated the safety of a novel hexavalent rotavirus vaccine and analyzed its dose and immunogenicity.MethodsThis randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled phase I clinical trial enrolled healthy adults, toddlers, and infants in Zhengding County, Hebei Province, northern China. 40 adults and 40 children were assigned in a 2:1:1 ratio to receive one vaccine dose, placebo 1, and placebo 2, respectively. 120 6–12 week old infants were assigned equivalently into 3 groups. The infants in each group were assigned in a 2:1:1 ratio to receive three doses of vaccine, placebo 1, and placebo 2, at a 28-day interval. Adverse events (AEs) until 28 days after each dose and serious adverse events (SAEs) until 6 months after the third dose were reported. Virus shedding until 14 days after each dose in infants was tested. Geometric mean concentrations (GMCs) and seroconversion rates were measured for anti-rotavirus IgA by using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).ResultsThe solicited and unsolicited AE frequencies and laboratory indexes were similar among the treatment groups. No vaccine-related SAEs were reported. The average percentage of rotavirus vaccine shedding in the infant vaccine groups was 5.00%. The post-3rd dose anti-rotavirus IgA antibody geometric mean concentrations (GMC) and seroconversion rate were higher in the vaccine groups than in the placebo groups.ConclusionsThe novel oral hexavalent rotavirus vaccine was generally well-tolerated in all adults, toddlers and infants, and the vaccine was immunogenic in infants.

ABSTRACTRotaviruses (RVs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in children, while histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are believed to be host attachment and susceptibility factors of RVs. A large case–control study nested in a population-based diarrhea surveillance targeting children <5 y of age was performed in rural Hebei province, north China. Saliva and serum samples were collected from all participants to determine HBGA phenotyping, FUT2mutations, and RV IgG antibody titers. A logistic model was employed to assess the association between host HBGA secretor status and risk of RV infection. Among 235 RV cases and 680 non-diarrhea controls studied, 82.4% of participants were IgG positive by an average age of 77 months. Out of the 235 RV cases, 216 (91.9%) were secretors, whereas the secretor rate was 76.3% in the non-diarrhea controls, resulted in an adjusted OR of 3.0 (95%CI: 1.9–4.7, P< .0001) between the two groups. Our population-based case–control study indicated a strong association between host HBGA secretor status and risk of RV infection in Chinese children. The high prevalence of Lewis-positive secretor status strongly suggests that Chinese children may be genetically susceptible to current co-circulating RV strains, and thus, a universal childhood immunization program against RV disease should be successful in China.

The arylaluminum reagents are good nucleophiles for organic reactions because of their high reactivity, high chemoselective, low toxicity, and ease of preparation. Therefore, arylaluminum reagents are widely applied in many organic reactions. This review summarizes the recent advancement of the arylaluminum reagents applied in cross-coupling reactions, involving various reaction systems and properties of reaction.

Cu pillar bump offers a number of advantages for flip chip packaging, compared to the conventional solder bump. However, due to its rigidity structure, Cu pillar bump introduces a lot of stress to the chip, which causes the failure of packaging structures, especially for the advanced node devices which typically have brittle low K dielectric material. In this paper, for the first time we propose two types of Cu pillar structures to reduce the stress. The first Cu pillar structure has bigger Cu dimensions at the base. The other one is designed to add an additional Cu pad under the Cu pillar bump. Finite element analysis is used to study the stress of the both structures, and it is found that with the increase in pillar bump contact area over the chip surface, the stress decreases in both structures. Results also indicate that the Cu pillar bump undercut induces higher stress, and thin Cu6Sn5intermetallic compound has less impact on the stress during flip chip mount reflow. The study provides a novel way to improve the reliability by reducing the stress in the Cu pillar bump related packaging.

In this article, we justify an online service provisioning (OSP) framework to provision virtualized and micro service (VMS) to users, which can achieve efficient, flexible, and scalable service provisioning. Compared to the onboard service provisioning framework, the system bottleneck shifts from the onboard computation limitation to the network capability and robustness in OSP, which the space-air-ground integrated network (SAGIN) can ably support. First, the motivations of OSP and VMS per the current mobile application industry are identified. Then we investigate the capabilities of the SAGIN to enable the OSP framework, where the evolution of the terrestrial network, on-demand deployment of an aerial network, and global coverage with a satellite network are reviewed. Afterward, we elaborate on three major techniques of VMS provisioning in the OSP framework: application decomposition, control protocol design, and microservice placement/replacement. Finally, we design and implement a case study to demonstrate the efficacy of provisioning VMS in OSP.

In this paper, we present an alternative form of the correlated Stein–Stein option pricing model, which preserves the analytic tractability of the original form and also demonstrates certain advantage for model implementation in practice. We shall show, through an empirical study, that this alternative form generally outperforms the original Stein–Stein form for the selected set of data, demonstrating that it can serve as a good competitor to the original Stein–Stein form in real markets.

The flourishing subgrade widening and reconstruction is one of the important challenges facing the highway industry at present. In this paper, focusing on the research progress of highway subgrade widening and reconstruction, the existing classification methods of subgrade widening and reconstruction projects are comprehensively summarized to propose a new classification corresponding to the comprehensive design of subgrade and pavement. The design indexes and standards under different types of subgrade widening are systematically reviewed, and the corresponding main control measures are classified. Then the next research focus of the subgrade widening and reconstruction is proposed from the improvement of the design index system, the composition and calculation analysis of differential settlement, and the active adaptation of the pavement structure. This study is of great reference significance in guiding the scientific decision-making on design indexes, standards, and treatment measures for different types of subgrade widening and reconstruction.

This study aims to evaluate the microstructural changes of basal ganglia in neonatal bilirubin encephalopathy (NBE) with two inversion-contrast magnetization-prepared rapid gradient echo (MP2RAGE) sequence.

In this paper, we investigate the pricing of European crude oil options under nonlinear dynamics with stochastic behaviour and jump risks, incorporating the features of arising convenience yield of crude oil and potential extreme fluctuation in the dynamics of crude oil prices. We present a closed-form solution to European crude oil option prices under an incomplete market setting, after deriving the pricing kernel with the equilibrium method and determining the risk neutral dynamics of crude oil prices. We extend our model to a mean-reverting stochastic volatility case, which also admits an analytical formula for the equilibrium price of European crude-oil options. Finally, our model is shown to be consistent with a number of interesting facts documented in the recent literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper matrix composites were prepared through spark plasma sintering (SPS) process, mixing fixed amount of reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with the different amounts of Cr. In the sintered bulk composites, the layered rGO network and uniform Cr particles distributed in the Cu matrix. Both of mechanical blending and freeze-drying stages of the wet-mixing process obtained the Cu/Cr/rGO mixture powders, and then SPS solid-phase sintering realized the faster densification of these mixture powders. The hardness and compressive yield strength of the Cu–Cr–rGO composites depicted the higher values than those of pure Cu and single rGO-added composite, and they were gradually increased with increasing Cr. The rGO/Cr hybrid second-phases are believed to be beneficial to strengthening Cu matrix. The relevant formation and strengthening mechanisms involved in Cu–Cr–rGO composites were discussed.

In this paper, a preliminary study in the wetting behavior and interface reaction between active Sn-Ag-4Ti solder alloy and C-plane sapphire was given. An in-situ observation of Sn-Ag-4Ti alloy on C-plane sapphire revealed a decrease in contact angles at temperature close to 550°C. Moreover, sapphire/sapphire and sapphire/copper sandwich joints were brazed using Sn-3.5Ag-4Ti alloy at 500 oC, 550°C and 600 °C to investigate the microstructure evolution and interface reaction. Microstructure characterization and element analysis indicated that the temperature affected the diffusion of active Ti element by modifying the formation of Sn-Ti intermetallics compounds in Sn-Ag-Ti solder alloy. The absorption of Ti together with the release of Al from sapphire suggested the interface reaction between Sn-Ag-Ti alloy and sapphire was triggered at 550°C.

In this paper, in-situ wetting and spreading behaviours of the binary Sn-Ti alloys with Ti contents were investigated on poly-crystalline CVD diamond plates. The variation of contact angles at increasing temperatures indicated the wettability of Sn-Ti alloys were strongly influenced by the Ti contents. Addition of small amount of Ti (0.5 wt.%) dramatically reduced the contact angle of Sn-Ti alloys; while a relatively high Ti concentration (above 4 wt.%) induced the formation of large refractory intermetallics phase, which reduced the fluidity and impeded the spreading of Sn-Ti alloys.

A series of fluorene derivatives end-capped with diphenylamino and oxadiazolyl were synthesized, and their photophysical and electrochemical properties are reported. Aggregation-induced emission (AIE) effects were observed for the materials, and bipolar characteristics of the molecules are favored with measurement of carrier mobility and calculation of molecular orbitals using density functional theory (DFT). Using the fluorene derivatives as emitting-layer, nondoped organic light-emitting devices (OLEDs) have been fabricated by spin-coating in the configuration ITO/PEDOT:PSS(35 nm)/PVK(15 nm)/PhN-OF(n)-Oxa(80 nm)/SPPO13(30 nm)/Ca(8 nm)/Al(100 nm) (n= 2–4). The best device with PhN-OF(2)-Oxaexhibits a maximum luminance of 14 747 cd/m2, a maximum current efficiency of 4.61 cd/A, and an external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 3.09% in the blue region. Investigation of the correlation between structures and properties indicates that there is no intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) increase in these molecules with the increase of conjugation length. The device using material of the shortest conjugation length as emitting-layer gives the best electroluminescent (EL) performances in this series of oligofluorenes.

Hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells (HSPCs) are supported and regulated by niche cells in the bone marrow with an important characterization of physiological hypoxia. However, how hypoxia regulates HSPCs is still unclear. Here, we find that meteorin (Metrn) from hypoxic macrophages restrains HSPC mobilization. Hypoxia-induced factor 1α and Yin Yang 1 induce the high expression of Metrn in macrophages, and macrophage-specific Metrn knockout increases HSPC mobilization through modulating HSPC proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, Metrn interacts with its receptor 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 2b (Htr2b) to regulate the reactive oxygen species levels in HSPCs through targeting phospholipase C signaling. The reactive oxygen species levels are reduced in HSPCs of macrophage-specific Metrn knockout mice with activated phospholipase C signaling. Targeting the Metrn/Htr2b axis could therefore be a potential strategy to improve HSPC mobilization for stem cell-based therapy.

The protective role of exogenously supplied selenium (Se6+) on Bechmeria nivea(L.) Gaud (Ramie) subjected to cadmium (Cd) stress was studied in vitro, and the mechanism was discussed by investigating plant growth, malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of antioxidative enzymes and DNA methylation pattern. Plants grown in hydroponic culture were supplied with spraying Se (selenate, 1.2 μmol/L) and cadmium (Cd(NO3)2, 0, 3, 6 and 9 mg/L), individually or simultaneously. At low Se spraying levels, SOD activity was increased by 35.34%, 43.18%, 3.63% under 3, 6 or 9 mg/L cadmium contents, POD was increased by 12.45%, 14.14%, 3.27%, and the level of DNA methylation was decreased by 10.70%, 18.18% and 15.59%, respectively. The results confirmed that spraying low Se on ramie leaves could enhance the activity of SOD and POD, and regulate DNA methylation in ramie leaves.

Aimed at the disadvantage of the experiment of electromechanical control, such as the high cost of the hardware and the unchangeable experiment, an experimental system based on soft PLC was designed which consists of a personal computer with a CP5611 communication card, CPX terminal, FESTO hydraulic platform and software of soft PLC; it also had human-computer interface programmed by LabVIEW to monitor the system and implement control. This system has advantages of strong universality, good flexibility, low cost and simple development process.

The characteristics of explicit numerical integral method is without iteration, and the characteristics of inexplicit numerical integral method is unconditionally stable. The traditional CD-Newmark method has the shortcoming of the bigger upper frequency leads to a small time step, a modified combined integral method named MCD-Newmark release the fixed DOF of numerical substructure, then obtained the parameters range of stable condition of experimental substructure, and the unconditionally stable of numerical substructure is also researched,then the strict stability conditions of the traditional CD-Newmark algorithm is resolved. The study provides reference for structural seismic test.

In this paper, a dynamic robust design method is proposed to achieve a desirable dynamic performance in despite of parameter variation. Since it transforms the robustness of a dynamic system into the robustness of its characteristic variables, the complex dynamic robust design problem becomes a relatively simple static robust design problem. This greatly eases complex of this design. The effectiveness of the proposed method is further demonstrated by a comparison with the existing method on design of a practical hydraulic press machine.

The article reports on research suggesting that six-axis robots can be used to install automotive wiring harnesses. It notes that multi-axis robot arms perform a variety of processes in automotive assembly plants, such as painting, welding and fastening. It says that some processes still cannot be completed without skilled human assemblers and the task of installing wire harnesses into car bodies is a task that has traditionally been difficult for robots.

A study has been carried out to investigate and analyze the structure of the ecological green space in Urumqi with techniques of Remote Sensing (RS) and Geography Information System (GIS). Combination of multi-band of TM image has tried in the study to interpreter the green space in Urumqi, which could draw the information on urban ecological green space accurately. On the basis of the results of rational classification, the structural characteristics of ecological green space in Urumqi have been analyzed and the existing problems have been discussed, finally the strategies and measures that should be taken in future have been put forward for building better ecological green space in Urumqi.

The construction method for immerse tube tunnelling varies significantly in sites with different hydrogeological conditions. Using the construction process of the undersea immerse tunnel at Shenjiamen harbour, Zhoushan city, Zhejiang Province as an example, the overall construction process of undocking, float transporting, immerse positioning, locking, grouting and backfilling were introduced in this study, with possible problems at each stage listed in details. The problems occurred when grouting Tube E1, E2 and E3 (floating or settling) and relevant solutions were concluded and the related possible causes were analysed.

The side friction of Y-section pile is non-uniform distributed along its inverted arch arc, the load - settlement law of Y-section pile distinguishes to the traditional piles' as there is abnormality effect of side friction. Computation theory of settlement and ultimate bearing capacity needs to be studied. Calculate the settlement under different loads based on the model of skin friction, ultimate tip resistance and additional stress coefficient, and then predict ultimate bearing capacity by loads-settlement laws, the theoretical values of settlement and ultimate bearing capacity are in good agreement with the results of Static load test. The influences of five variables R, θ, δ, s, and L on settlement of Y-section file are analyzed, the settlement of Y-section pile under the constant load decreases with the increase of R, δ, s, δ and increases with the increase of θ. The influences of Relevant parameters on ultimate bearing capacity are also analyzed, the ultimate bearing capacity of Y-section pile decreases with the increase of θ and increases with the increase of R, δ, s and L.

The skin friction of Y-section pile is non-uniform distributed along its inverted arch arc, the calculation of additional stress for the uniform distribution can not take the resulting deviation of actual distribution into account. Combine the function expression of non-uniform distribution model and mindlin formula to establish the calculation method of additional stress coefficient by numerical integration and analyze the influences of the parameters LRθsδ, then compare the conclusion with the uniform distribution solution and Geddes solution. Additional stress factor of non-uniform distribution model is larger than that based on uniform distribution model,the additional stress decreases with the increase of R, s, δ and increases with the increase of θ and L, and the Mechanisms of the changes coursed by these parameter are also analyzed. Some significant conclusions are obtained.

Agro-materials anti-counterfeiting management system (AMACM) integrates RFID, POS and barcode technologies to realize the functions such as selling management, inventory management, basic data management, information services and quantity auditing. This designed system has several features to meet the demand of agro-materials management. First, smart information collecting device records the each transaction information that builds a data basis for intelligent information analysis. Second, unique identification for each item makes the traceability more complete. Third, the proposed multi-segmented verification method realizes the verification of agro-material ID in each logistics link without increasing the complexity of system. Fourth, the applied technology of quantity auditing enforced the supervision of every retailer. So almost abnormal selling behaviors such as selling fake agro-materials or abnormal transferring is eliminated. Therefore, the agro-material chain business management could effectively be strengthened and operating cost is reduced greatly. This system has a great significance for the promotion of agro-material production and a broad application prospects.

Portland cement, crushed stone, sand and superplasticizer were used to obtain a high strength concrete with a low water to binder ratio. Three steel fibers such as waste steel wire, corrugated steel fiber and arch steel fiber were added into the high strength concrete. The effects of the three fibers on the slump and the strengths such as compressive strength, tensile strength and bending strength were researched. The reduction of the slump and the increasing of the strength of the concrete with the arch steel fiber were the most significant due to the highest length-diameter ratio.

Foundation excavations support and dewatering method have been full-grown after years of development. However, during the excavation of polluted soil in special sites, dewatering scheme should not simply based on the experience and form of excavation but should be combined with the characteristics of contaminated sites so as to choose a reasonable dewatering method which meets the construction requirement of soil excavation on one hand and prevents the spread of contamination on the other hand. This paper design and analysis the dewatering of soil excavation in contaminated sites combined with specific project example.

Urban tunnels mainly include subway tunnels, street-passage tunnels and underground road tunnels etc. With the development and utilization of underground space, urban tunnels have developed rapidly in recent years. At the same time, development of urban tunnels faces new opportunities. However, related professionals are not sufficient to make it come true. This thesis discusses feasibility of establishing ‘Urban Tunnels’ in the major Civil Engineering, including employment situation of Civil Engineering, integration with the demands of Zhejiang Province and Hangzhou City, misplaced development with other colleges and universities and the features of students majoring in civil engineering. Besides, it makes sufficient preparation in aspects of hardware, software, teachers and social support, which makes the construction of new major be implemented successfully according to plans and steps.

Leukocyte cell–derived chemotaxin 2 (LECT2) is a multifunctional cytokine and reduced plasma levels were found in patients with sepsis. However, precise functions and mechanisms of LECT2 remain unclear. The aim of the present study was to determine the role of LECT2 in modulating immune responses using mouse sepsis models. We found that LECT2 treatment improved outcome in mice with bacterial sepsis. Macrophages (MΦ), but not polymorphonuclear neutrophils, mediated the beneficial effect of LECT2 on bacterial sepsis. LECT2 treatment could alter gene expression and enhance phagocytosis and bacterial killing of MΦ in vitro. CD209a was identified to specifically interact with LECT2 and mediate LECT2-induced MΦ activation. CD209a-expressing MΦ was further confirmed to mediate the effect of LECT2 on sepsis in vivo. Our data demonstrate that LECT2 improves protective immunity in bacterial sepsis, possibly as a result of enhanced MΦ functions via the CD209a receptor. The modulation of MΦ functions by LECT2 may serve as a novel potential treatment for sepsis.

Moisture transportation is a key factor to affect the long-term safety of underwater concrete tunnel. According to the inside and outside environment of tunnel, the moisture transportation equation in unsaturated concrete of underwater tunnel was raised. Finite difference method was adopted to solve the nonlinear partial differential equation of moisture diffusion. The study shows that the changes of water saturation in concrete are mainly concentrated in the surface of tunnel wall and amplitude is gradually slowing down over time. Saturation changes greater in the outside than inside. The wetting state is more obvious than drying state.

The conventional triaxial tests for cement-soil show stronger soften characteristics of cement-soil under low confining pressure. The soften character is weaken as confining pressure decrease. For adopting Duncan-Chang hyperbola model to obtain parameters of cement-soil, the model cannot include the stress-strain soften characteristics of cement-soil, and must be discussed. The paper studies on parameters of Duncan-Chang model using generalized Hooke law and nonlinear elastic theory. The researches show the parameters of k and n are unrelated to soften characteristics of cement-soil; the relation of Rf and σ3 is given by the soften characteristics, Rf influence the soften process directly. The calculation method could be used in E-u model, and has good practical value.

Patterns describe order which emerges from homogeneity. Complex patterns on the integument are striking because of their visibility throughout an organism's lifespan. Periodic patterning is an effective design because the ensemble of hair or feather follicles (modules) allows the generation of complexity, including regional variations and cyclic regeneration, giving the skin appendages a new lease on life. Spatial patterns include the arrangements of feathers and hairs in specific number, size, and spacing. We explore how a field of equivalent progenitor cells can generate periodically arranged modules based on genetic information, physical–chemical rules and developmental timing. Reconstitution experiments suggest a competitive equilibrium regulated by activators/inhibitors involving Turing reaction‐diffusion. Temporal patterns result from oscillating stem cell activities within each module (microenvironment regulation), reflected as growth (anagen) and resting (telogen) phases during the cycling of feather and hair follicles. Stimulating modules with activators initiates the spread of regenerative hair waves, while global inhibitors outside each module (macroenvironment) prevent this. Different wave patterns can be simulated by cellular automata principles. Hormonal status and seasonal changes can modulate appendage phenotypes, leading to ‘organ metamorphosis’, with multiple ectodermal organ phenotypes generated from the same precursors. We discuss potential novel evolutionary steps using this module‐based complexity in several amniote integument organs, exemplified by the spectacular peacock feather pattern. We thus explore the application of the acquired knowledge of patterning in tissue engineering. New hair follicles can be generated after wounding. Hairs and feathers can be reconstituted through self‐organization of dissociated progenitor cells. WIREs Dev Biol2013, 2:97–112. doi: 10.1002/wdev.74 This article is categorized under: Establishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Repeating Patterns and Lateral InhibitionEstablishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Cell Sorting and Boundary FormationEstablishment of Spatial and Temporal Patterns > Regulation of Size, Proportion, and Timing

Sulige Gas Field is located in the Suligemiao area, northwest of the Ordos Basin, with a prospecting area of about 4×104km2. Owing to the strong heterogeneity in the SQW Block, one of exploration blocks in the Sulige Gas Field, remains reservoir characteristics of the gas field: lithologic gas reservoirs with characteristics of “three low” (low pressure, low permeability and low abundance). The He8 member of the Shihezi formation, the major exploration target, is deposited in braided river environment. The conventional logging data is very useful to indentify different facies and to estimate gas potential. The technology of discrimination with sedimentary facies and gas layers using logging data is established in this paper. We use the technology combining with AVO and other exploration methods to pick out 4 favorable exploration target areas with the success rate of more than 80%.

With the rapid development of national economy, combined with the construction of strategic reservation of petroleum in China, difficulty of large-scale energy storage and peak-shaving comes up. In recent years, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and a number of energy companies launched two projects in the Columbia Basin to evaluate the technical and economic feasibility of underground gas and wind power storage in basalt interflow aquifers. These projects reveal the potential of volcanic rocks in the underground energy storage areas. This paper briefly describes the new progress of study in underground gas storage (UGS), compressed air energy storage (CAES) and underground thermal energy storage (UTES) of volcanic rocks. We point out that depleted volcanic oil and gas reservoirs could be another complementary type of UGS and CAES, and volcanic rocks types should be included extrusive rocks and pyroclastic rocks. At last, volcanic energy storage technologies used in some domestic related areas of enlightenment is summarized to provide theoretical basis for building green, efficient and low-consumption economy.

Due to geologic conditions and drilling and logging technology limitation, many wells, especially old exploration wells are often collapsed in the borehole, which influences the quality of the logging curves. Therefore, it is necessary to eliminate the effect of borehole collapse on logging curves and obtain the logging that could actually reflect the formation, when synthetic seismogram is established. The logging rebuilding technology based on multiple-element regression can improve synthetic seismogram apparently, and it has presented good application results.

The settlement of immersed tube tunnel may be influenced by variety factors in construction, operation and loads. The factors causing the immersed tube tunnel settlement were summarized and described in-depth by cases and data. Combined the mechanism analysis with the construction process, the action time of different loads along the construction process is summarized, the consolidation characteristics and settlement mechanism of original state soil layer and base layer are analyzed. The mechanisms and variations of tidal loading, siltation and dredging disturbance, groundwater level drawdown are elaborated.

The author carefully analyzed the theoretical basis and means with reading articles and books about the quantitative forecast for mineral resources evaluation.And completely summarizes the new theoretical frontiers, such as metallogenic series, metallogenic system, the origin of the model and so on, as well as about the methodology, gis, geochemical blocks and so on.

The long-term uneven settlement may cause the pipe structure cracking, leakage or even serious damage during the operation of the immersed tunnel. Settlement control measures of immersed tunnel were generalized from design-construction-operation three stages as the time order, and the control measures in the construction stage was particular emphasized. The treatment methods of the base layer were reclassified into compact the base, replace the base and pile base three types and relative project cases were enumerated. Contrary to the shortage of present stage, control measures and suggestion that fit soft base were raised after compare.

The distribution regular of total additive load induced by bulkhead additive thrust, force of friction between shield and soil, and soil loss during shield tunnelling construction was studied. The analytical results show that, the distribution regular of additive load is closely related with the relative position of pile and shield, and it is a three-dimensional problem. Toward the shield tunnelling direction and perpendicular to the pipe wall, the additive load is changed from press to pull force along with the pass of shield excavation face. In addition, the value and influence bound of additive load in shield tunnelling direction is bigger than that of perpendicular to the pipe wall. Value of additive load in vertical direction is small. Direction of additive load close to the axes of pipeline is opposite with that of both ends and the force distribution curve is arch-shaped. It is proved by the comparison with the results of numerical simulation, centrifuge experiments and field measurement that the study on the influence due to shield tunnel excavation on neighboring piles is reliable through analytical analysis.

According to the results of cement-soil uniaxial compressive test, consider cement-soil stress-strain relations as a continuous random process, the function of random variable obeys Weibull distribution, and introduce generalized hooke′s law in order to establish Weibull distribution of cement-soil constitutive model, solve the softening problem that a variety of incremental nonlinear elastic models cannot reflect the cement-soil. This paper discussed the parameter character of Weibull distribution model of cement-soil, presented the solving method of parameters of cement-soil Weibull distribution constitutive model, verified by results of test, revealed the rationality of the model and shows that the proposed model is more convenient than other model, have widely application value.

Illegal logging is a pervasive problem due to lack of effective monitoring methods. A novel wireless method for illegal logging is proposed which leverage the RSSI ranging and communication of WSN and GPRS. The node displacement incurred by tree’s falling down can be detected in time. Furthermore, failure of target node can be judged with its neighbor cooperation. The effectiveness and efficiency of this system was verified in our test-bed. Thus this solution has several characteristics such as lower power, remote, lower cost, real-time and non-intrusive，which are very appropriate to protect rare trees continuously.

ΛεεThe explicit integral algorithms is not requiring iteration but needing a conditional stable, and the implicit integral algorithms is unconditionally stable but requiring iteration. In this paper, a modified Wilson θ method that named CD-Wilson θ method is established, the center difference method is used as explicit integral algorithms and Wilson θ method is used as implicit integral algorithms. And the amplification matrix is used to explore the stability and the precision according to calculation and deduction. The results show that conclusions of stability condition is θΩE≤2 , the problem of constrained time step of CD-Newmark is solved, and the value range of high precision and good stability is τ=6, ε =4 and 0<θ<0.6.

The objective of this study is to investigate the water seepage in unsaturated concrete under pressure through theoretical derivation. To establish the theoretical mode of water pressure and seepage velocity various with location and time. Finally, a formula about penetration depth is derived. And it is more practical. Meanwhile, analysis is made about the effect of the water pressure, the strength grade, permeability and relative permeability and other factors on the flow velocity and penetration depth.

In this paper, for turning the inner ring groove of a large nuclear cylindrical shell, based on requirements of machining condition, the matching tool assembled are designed. Based on the platform of finite element simulation analysis, the deformation and stress analysis of the tools overall structures are carried out, this provides a theoretical basis for the static strength evaluation of the tools. Through the dynamics modal analysis of the tools, natural frequencies and modal shapes of the tools are obtained, this provides a theoretical basis to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of the tools, in particularly, the resonance characteristics. Through static and dynamic analysis, the reasonableness of structural design of the tools is evaluated theoretically.

A kind of abiochemistry anchor bolt was studied by a series of systematic tests. Its anchorage agent is a kind of special cement that cures quickly with the final setting time within 7 min, and compressive strength of the special cement can reach 19.2 MPa within 1h. The glutinous strength between the anchor bolt and the cement reaches 110 kg/cm2, and the glutinous strength between the cement and the rock or coal mass also reaches 47 kg/cm2. Early tensile force of the anchor bolt is high, which amounts to 14 ton after installed 1h. This kind of anchor bolt can be made simply and cheaply, installed conveniently and applied to different engineering problems.