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Current literature lacks consolidated evidence for the impact of stimulation parameters on the effects of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in enhancing upper limb motor learning. Hence, we aim to synthesise available methodologies and results to guide future research on the usage of tDCS on upper limb motor learning, specifically in older adults and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Thirty-two studies (Healthy older adults, N= 526, M= 67.25, SD = 4.30 years; PD, N= 216, M= 66.62, SD = 6.25 years) were included in the meta-analysis. All included studies consisted of active and sham protocols. Random effect meta-analyses were conducted for (i) subjects (healthy older adults and PD); (ii) intensity (1.0, 1.5, 2 mA); (iii) electrode montage (unilateral anodal, bilateral anodal, unilateral cathodal); (iv) stimulation site (cerebellum, frontal, motor, premotor, SMA, somatosensory); (v) protocol (online, offline). Significant tDCS effect on motor learning was reported for both populations, intensity 1.0 and 2.0 mA, unilateral anodal and cathodal stimulation, stimulation site of the motor and premotor cortex, and both online and offline protocols. Regression showed no significant relationship between tDCS effects and density. The efficacy of tDCS is also not affected by the number of sessions. However, studies that reported only single session tDCS found significant negative association between duration with motor learning outcomes. Our findings suggest that different stimulation parameters enhanced upper limb motor learning in older adults and PD. Future research should combine tDCS with neuroimaging techniques to help with optimisation of the stimulation parameters, considering the type of task and population.

Due to poor coalmine monitoring system data utilization and relatively high threshold for application of most application software in ventilation safety field, a multi-perspective coalmine ventilation management technology, with the goal of daily ventilation safety management, is introduced based on the real-time data from the coalmine monitoring system. Specifically, data acquisition unit is adopted to collect monitoring data in a real-time manner, and then integration of ventilation and coalmine gas data is made. After that, real-time online data analysis and display can be realized by using smart guidance and multi-screen linkage technologies according to chained features of the data. In this way, daily management interfaces based on specialized knowledge are shown in a friendly manner. Therefore, the technology proposed here can greatly improve coalmine management level and work efficiency. At the end, Huangling No. 2 coalmine is taken as an example to validate the relative technologies.

According to functional characteristics of different regions of the ventilation network, the complicated ventilation network can be further divided into non-overlapping and exhaustive safety subregions, which can provide scientific basis on classification guidance for ventilation analysis in a concise point of view. Therefore, it is of great application significance. Specifically, a method is proposed to divide safety subregions of the ventilation network. Then, six different safety subregions are defined, and they are air-inlet subregion, air-outlet subregion, air-consuming subregion, upstream of air-consuming subregion, downstream of air-consuming subregion and bypass subregion. After that, with an air-consuming spot (working face and heading face) as the center, depth-first search (DFS) algorithm is adopted to perform traversal analysis on coalmine ventilation network. Besides, ventilation network partition is achieved in combination with safety subregion partition algorithm. The method proposed here can be used for coalmine safety production analysis and management. Finally, Huangling coalmine is taken as an example to verify the correctness and feasibility of the method proposed.

. Since the theory of one-dimensional plane wave is difficult to predict the internal sound field of the complex structure muffler accurately. Mathematical model of the composite muffler is analyzed, and the three-dimensional finite element method is adopted to establish the acoustic model in this paper. Transmission loss and characteristics of internal sound field of the composite muffler are calculated through sound and vibration simulation. Influential effect of the fluid on transmission loss is analyzed. The analysis method and conclusions provide a basis for the design of composite muffler.

Transmission loss is an important noise reduction parameter of exhaust muffler. Based on the finite element method, transmission loss is calculated, and the influential effect of the fluid is considered in this paper. Through calculation of transmission loss of the single expendable muffler and composite muffler, the results show that expansion ratio affects amplitude of transmission loss, and expansion chamber length affects the attenuation frequency bandwidth. The analysis method and conclusions are instructive to the design parameters of exhaust muffler.

Diffraction efficiency is an important performance indicators of the type IV concave grating, and parallel ion beam etching etching process is difficult to obtain a high diffraction efficiency of type IV concave grating. External controllable magnetic field leads to the parallel ion beam to achieve the deflection of the ion beam is a novel means for the realization of a type IV along the curved surface of the concave grating different blaze angle ion beam etching, and in this way possible to obtain a high diffraction efficiency type IV concave grating. After a theoretical design ideal type IV concave grating blaze angle, use of the holographic exposure - bending ion beam simulation etching size 45 × 40mm2, wavelength 250nm at diffraction efficiency of 67%, the arm is 200mm, 188mm, the radius of curvature 224mm of type IV concave grating. Meanwhile, the use of parallel ion beam current of the same parameters of the analog etching type IV concave grating, the diffraction efficiency at 250nm was 30%. The simulation results show that the bending ion beam produced type IV concave grating principle of the method is feasible, and the ability to precisely control the ion beam the concave grating type IV high diffraction efficiency production.

Dynamics of the horizontal axis wind turbine is investigated in this paper. The wind turbine rotor modelling is based on the nonlinear Eular beam model, the generalized dynamic wake model and the Beddoes-Leishman dynamic stall model are used to predict the aerodynamic loads. The Newton-Rafson iteration is adopted to get the solution in each time step and the second-order backward difference is used in time marching. A horizontal axis wind turbine is analysed in fixed rotor speed and the structural responses in rated conditions and critical wind conditions are obtained. The critical wind velocity is acquired from simulation. The influences of the rotor speed and yaw angle on the critical wind velocity of the rotor are reserched.

The primary objective of this research was to study the female fertility of the odd-tetraploid cultivar Honesty of Lilium containing one set of Longiflorum chromosomes and three sets of Asiatic chromosomes (LAAA) to open a new approach to Lilium breeding. To assess its female fertility, 'Honesty' was hybridized with four autotetraploid Asiatic lily cultivars. The results showed that the fruit of all 'Honesty' x tetraploid (4x x 4x) combinations developed well, and viable seedlings could be obtained, suggesting that 'Honesty', despite being male-sterile, has considerable female fertility. Genomic in situ hybridization showed that the progenies of the 4x x 4x hybridizations were aneuploid. Considering that lily is vegetatively propagated and aneuploids often demonstrate considerable phenotvpic variation, odd-tetraploid lilies such as 'Honesty' may be useful maternal parents for breeding new lily cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the theory of one-dimensional plane wave can not accurately predict the internal sound field of the complex structure muffler. The three-dimensional finite element method is adopted to establish the acoustic model of the composite muffler based on the application of composite muffler model. Transmission loss and characteristics of internal sound field of the composite muffler's are calculated through acoustic vibration software Sysnoise. The calculation shows that the muffler under the interference of fluid flow has the higher transmission loss compared with the absence of liquidity function with an additional silencer band. The analysis method and conclusions provide a basis for the design of composite muffler.

The lip carcinoma, which frequently affects the lower lip, is one of the most common cancers of the head and neck region composing 25 to 30 of all oral cancers. The accepted method of therapy for lip cancer is surgical excision and reconstruction. The repair should satisfy 2 fundamental requirements: to achieve appropriate aesthetic quality and to conserve labial function. Currently, a wide range of reconstructive procedures have been developed.

Objective: Wilm’s tumor is a common renal malignancy in childhood with unsatisfactory prognosis. microRNA-215-5p (miR-215-5p) has been reported as a tumor-suppressive miRNA in different types of human cancers, but rarely in the Wilm’s tumor. In light of this, we tried to investigate the regulatory role and underlying mechanism of miR-215-5p in the Wilm’s tumor.Methods: After sample collection and cell culture, the expression of miR-215-5p and CT10 Regulator of Kinase (CRK) was detected. Then rhabdoid tumor cell lines (formerly classified as Wilms’ tumor cell lines), G401 and WT-CLS1 cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1, pcDNA3.1-CRK, sh-NC, sh-CRK, agomir NC, miR-215-5p agomir, antagomir NC or miR-215-5p antagomir to explore the function of miR-215-5p and CRK in the Wilm’s tumor cell proliferation and migration. Moreover, the relationship between miR-215-5p and CRK was analyzed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay.Results: Lowly-expressed miR-215-5p and highly-expressed CRK were observed in the Wilm’s tumor tissues and cells. Transfection of pcDNA3.1-CRK or miR-215-5p antagomir could promote G401 and WT-CLS1 cell proliferation and enhance migration ability, while transfection of sh-CRK or miR-215-5p agomir led to opposite results. Additionally, miR-215-5p may bind to CRK. Moreover, transfection of pcDNA3.1-CRK in G401 and WT-CLS1 cells could partially reverse the inhibitory effect of miR-215-5p agomir on the proliferation and migration of Wilm’s tumor cells.Conclusion: Our study highlighted that miR-215-5p could suppress the proliferation and migration of Wilm’s tumor cells by regulating the expression of CRK, providing new ideas for molecular targeted therapy for Wilm’s tumor.

This paper reports on the activation of p90rsk during meiotic maturation and the inactivation of p90rsk after electrical parthenogenetic activation of rat oocytes. In addition, the correlation between p90rsk and MAP kinases after different treatments was studied. We assessed p90rsk activity by examining its electrophoretic mobility shift on SDS-PAGE and evaluated ERK1+2 activity by both mobility shift and a specific antibody against phospho-MAP kinase. The phosphorylation of p90rsk during rat oocyte maturation was a sequential process that may be divided into two stages: the first stage was partial phosphorylation, which was irrelevant with MAP kinases because p90rsk phosphorylation took place prior to activation of MAP kinases. The second stage inferred full activation occurred at the time when MAP kinases began to be activated (3 h after germinal visicle breakdown). Evidence for the involvement of MAP kinases in the p90rsk phosphorylation was further obtained by the following approaches: (1) okadaic acid (OA) accelerated the phosphorylation of both MAP kinases and p90rsk; (2) OA induced phosphorylation of both MAP kinases and p90rsk in the presence of IBMX; (3) when activation of MAP kinases was inhibited by cycloheximide, p90rsk phosphorylation was also abolished; (4) dephosphorylation of p90rsk began to take place at 3 h post-activation, temporally correlated with the completion of MAP kinase inactivation; (5) phosphorylation of both kinases was maintained in oocytes that failed to form pronuclei after stimulation; (6) OA abolished the dephosphorylation of both kinases after parthenogenetic activation. Our data suggest that MAP kinases are not required for early partial activation of p90rsk but are required for full activation of p90rsk during rat oocyte maturation, and that p90rsk dephosphorylation occurs following MAP kinase inactivation after parthenogenetic activation of rat oocytes.

Many reconstructive methods for facial nerve defects have been described previously, such as the greater auricular nerve graft, the sural nerve graft, or hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis. Herein, we want to instruct a new technique of repairing facial nerve defects of zygomatic or marginal mandibular branches using upper buccal or cervical branches when we have to face segment defects of facial nerve with wide gaps between facial nerve stumps.

(E,Z)-3,13-OctadecadienyI acetate (1a) and (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1-ol(2a) were identified from the sex pheromone gland of the virgin female mulberry clearwing mothParadoxecia pieli L., by GC analysis, EAG, SCR survey, and field bioassay. One female equivalent contained 250 ng of1a and 30 ng of2a. In the field tests, 100µg of synthetic1a was attractive to male moths of the species.

The article discusses the use of cognitive mapping techniques in information systems (IS). Subjective knowledge becomes more meaningful and constraints on human cognition can be overcome by using cognitive mapping techniques as a communication tool. Cognitive mapping techniques are effective research tools to probe research respondents' perceptions about a problem domain. The commonly used techniques are causal mapping, semantic mapping and concept mapping. Researchers have proposed the use of cognitive mapping as a communication tool in IS implementation.